ILLINOIS  LIBRARY 

AT  URBANA-CHAMPAJGN 

ARCHITECTURE 

VAULt 


HOME   BUILDING. 

A  Reliable 

BOOK  OF  FACTS, 

Relative  to 

Building,  Living^  Materials,  Costs, 

At  About  400   Places  from 

IN^E^V^    YORK 

TO 


CONTAINING    42    PLATES    AND    45    ORIGINAL     DESIGNS     OF 

BUILDINGS, 

WITH  SHORT  DESCRIPTIVE  SPECIFICATIONS. 
ALSO  WITH 

EXTENDED    AND    ELABORATED    SPECIFICATIONS    OF    MATERIALS    AND 
■LABOR,   MERCHANDISE,  AND  WHERE  IT  MAY  BE  PROCURED. 

Tables  of 
COSTS  OF  MATERIALS  AT   ABOUT   400  PLACES  FROM  THE  ATLANTIC:  TO 

THE  PACIFIC. 

Descriptions  and  Statistics,  for  1876,   of 

OVER  2B0   CITIES,  TOWNS  AND    HAMLETS. 

IJow   to    Reach    Them,    Their    Hotels,     Populations,     Healthfulness,     Industries, 

Institutions,  Churches,  Newspapers,  Lots,  Farms  near  and  Values, 

Advantages  and  Prospects. 

PLACES  OF  RESORT  FOR   HEALTH   NOTED 
MANY  ILLUSTRATIONS   AND    PRACTICAL,    USEFUL   SUG(3ESTIONS. 

nv 

E.   p.  ftussEY,     Af^chitect,   191   Broadway,  New  Yor^r. 

Author   of 
"  Husseys  National  Cottage  Architkci  i  Kt. " 


ERRATA. 

Head  of  Folio  224  sliould  read  :  "supplies;  yea,  when  New  York  shall  fully  understand  her  mission,  shall 
look  out  with  a  broad  vision  to  the  true  interest  of  her  future  prosperity  ;  she  will  carefully  foster  her  suburbs, 
and  encourage  her  sons  and  daughters  to  go  out,  grow,  and  bring  back  to  her  their  newly  vitalized  energies 
and  power." 

Copyright  sliould  be  dated  1875  instead  of  1876. 

Folio  .'Jll,  under  Windows,  read  .John  H.  Poillon  instead  of  James  H.  PoUion. 

Also,  Folio  398,  read  John  H.  Poillon  instead  of  John  H.  Pollion. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1876,  by 

E.  C.  HUSSEY, 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


LEADER  &  VAN  HOESEN,  CRUM  &  RINGLER 

Printers,  "  Electrotypers, 

15  Spruce  Street,  N.  Y.  113  Nassau  Street,  N.  Y. 


1%^ 


HOME     BUILDING.  iu 


INTRODUCTORY. 

It  may  not  immediately  appear,  to  every  one,  that  a  house  is  not  necessarily,  in  any  true  sense 
of  the  term,  a  "Home."  It  is,  however,  the  shell,  the  hive  in  which  husy  hands  and  anxious 
"^  hearts  combine  their  toil  and  hope,  looking  ever  toward  that  impenetrable  vail,  behind  which  is 
-  concealed  the  future  and  true  ideal  of  Home.  A  house  is  not  the  place  which  determines  to  the 
soul  of  the  seeker  whether  it  has  reached  the  goal.  It  is  not  the  nature  or  quality  of  what  is 
possessed.  But  Home  is  that  certain  indefinable  satisfaction  with  all,  that  unspeakable  quiet  of 
repose  which  realizes  that  what  those  hands  have  wrought  out  was  the  result  of  carefully  expended 
research,  toil  and  means.  The  lots  have  been  carefully  selected,  the  house  tastefully  and  economi- 
cally built,  and  all  are  surrounded  by  an  enterprising,  high-minded,  sober,  industrious,  refined 
Christian  people,  where  health,  education,  culture,  and  a  generous  reward  for  the  expenditure  of 
talent,  time  and  money  are  assured.  Where  in  all  these  things  the  heart  is  satisfied,  and  the  well- 
trained  mind,  taking  a  retrospect,  sees  all  is  well,  then  home  becomes  a  reality,  is  endeared,  is 
found;  and,  when  found,  is  "  a  thing  of  beauty  and  a  joy  forever," 

We  know  there  are  thousands  of  men  and  women,  of  the  various  callings  of  life,  crowded  and 
pinched  together  in  the  great  pities  of  this  country,  waiting,  watching,  and  anxious;  who,  if  they 
knew  of  the  opportunity  to  shake  off  these  bonds  and  acquire  a  real  home  that  lies  fully  within  the 
bounds  of  development  through  carefully  directed  application  in  the  right  direction,  and  who,  if 
they  knew  of  the  ways  which  lead  out  of  the  maze  in  which  they  are  entangled,  would  gladly  go 
forth  to  apply  their  energies  and  skill  in  this  most  noble  calling  of  life,  "  Home  Building."  And  it 
has  been,  more  than  anything  else,  the  strong  desire  and  purpose  of  the  author,  to  put  a  work  in  the 
hands  of  this  class  that  will  at  once  afford  a  vast  amount  of  thoroughly  practical  information  as  to 
what,  and  how  to  build,  and  an  invaluable  and  extensive  line  of  facts  and  figures  in  reference  to 
routes  and  places  from  "New  York  to  San  Francisco,"  and,  in  fact,  all  that  is  needful  to  know 
about  them  to  form  a  correct  and  safe  opinion,  that  dictated  this  book,  beside  the  wish  to  afford  a 
numerous  host  of  inquirers,  investors,  tradesmen,  farmers,  dealers,  merchants  and  traders,  a  greater 
chain  of  information  of  such  a  nature,  and  in  such  a  manner,  to  our  knowledge  never  before 
attempted. 

Finding  that  it  was  indispensable  to  the  object  of  this  work,  in  order  that  it  should  lack  nothing 
of  importance,  that  would  assist  in  guiding  all  inquirers,   who  seek  its  counsel,  to  the  obtaining 
of  that  which  they  seek,  and  placing  before  them  also  many  things  that  might  through  inexperience 
be  overlooked  by  them,  that  I  should  be  compelled,  in  a  certain  sense,  to  advertise  institutions, 
dealers  and  their  goods,  in  almost  every  branch  of  industry,  merchandise  or  trade,  I  have  with  the 
greatest  care,  inquiry,  labor  and  expense,  sought  out  those  who  are  at  the  lead  in  their  lines;  who 
are  offering  their  commodoties  at  fair  living  prices  .on  the  motto  of  small  profits  and  quick  sales, 
.  who  are  men  of  honesty  and  integrity,  and  are  gentlemen  as  well  as  merchants,  tradesmen  or  pro- 
fessionals. 
^'         The  nature  of  this  work  would  not  admit  of,  nor  indeed  was  it  the  intention  of  the  author,  to 
mention  the  names  of  men  and  business,  only  just  so  far  as  is  really  neccessary  to  subserve  the  very 
-.  best  interests  of  "  Home  Building." 

^         Great  care  and  labor  has  been  taken  to  make  all  tables,  bills,  lists,  «&c.,  as  exhaustive  as  they 
jbcan  be  made,  and  to  have  them  absolutely  reliable,  for  what  they  claim. 

v;         In  reference  to  both  "present"  and  "future  values,  prospects  and  advantages,"  our  opinions 

^  are  expressed  freely  and  positively,  in  the  full  corfviction  of  their  truthfulness,  formed  after  a  care- 

^.7  ful  and  exhaustive  study  of  all  the  premises,  often  in  the  light  of  many  purposes' of  the  future, 

unseen  by  the  public  but  already  projected,  and  always  in  the  light  of  many  years'  experience  and 

research,  in  the  direction  in  which  we  now  labor.    But  that  men  will  differ  with  us  there  can  be  no 


IV  H  O  M  E      B  U  I  L  D  I  K  G  , 

doubt,  and  it  may  afford  a  certain  amount  of  comfort  to  such  for  us  to  here  make  a  "  clean  breast" 
of  the  confession  that  we  are  fallible. 

It  will  be  seen  that  \vc  have  given  certain  starting  points,  or  first  places  on  any  certain  route 
taken,  more  tlian  average  attention.  This  has  been  done  with  a  view  to  make  them  a  base  of  com- 
parison for  the  points  beyond,  because  of  their  unusual  importance  of  position,  on  account  of  their 
proximity  to  great  centers,  and  because  of  the  ease  with  which  they  may  be  inspected  by  those  who 
are  residents  in  the  great  centers  with  a  view  to  forming  a  more  complete  idea  of  all  other  points 
treated. 

It  will  also  be  seen  that  we  have  made  reference  to  our  line  of  model  houses,  which  will  be 
found  valuable  for  the  comparison  of  any  one  place  with  all  others. 

Finally,  it  has  been  the  aim  of  the  author  to  couch  what  would  be  otherwise  prosy  detail  in 
such  a  style  of  expression  as  will  enable  the  reader  to  glide  pleasantly  through  all. 


H  O  M  ]•:      U  U  1  L  D  I  N  G 


GENERAL  INDEX 


Of  Matter  Not  Included  in  the  Deschip'tion  of  TownJ^  and  Cities. 


American  Home  Commission  Company 

Barns    and   Stable        .        ■        ■ 

Batli-Room  Furnishings     .^ 

Blinds,  &c.    .         .         •,'.'•.     " 

Blinds,  &c.         .        .         • 

Brush  Washboards,  patent ' . 

Banking  and  Banker 

Bed  Chamber  Furnishings    . 

Bath  Tub  .         .         .         .         ■ 

Bells  and  Tubes     .         .  •        • 

Bells  and  Tubes         .... 

Crestings  and  Finials     .... 

Crestings  and  Finials 

Carpenter  Work,  &c.     .         .         •  -      • 

Closets 

Clothing 

Clothing 

Decorative  and  Fresco  Painting  . 
Decorative  and  Fresco  Painting 

Drainage 

Doors,    &c 

Doors,  &c 

Dining-Room  Furnishings 


Excavations,    &c. 


Furnaces,  «&c 

Furnaces,  &c 

Fire  on  the  Hearth  Parlor  Stove 
Fire  on  the  Hearth  Parlor  Stove 
Floors  .  .  .  °  •  - 
Floors,  Parquet  ■  .  -  . 
Floors,  Parquet  .  .  - 
Furniture  and  Decorations 

Gas  Machines  , 
Gas  Machines    . 
Glass,  window 
Grates,  &c. 
Gas  Pipes,  &c. 


Page. 
203 

219 

222 
,     212 

407 
,     203 

224 
.     232 

216 
,     218 

408 

.  210 
392 

.  208 
212 

.  224 
396 

.  219 
405 

.  207 
211 

.  407 
223 

.     204 

.     217 

403 
.     213 

217 
.     310 

404 
.     324 

219 

.  218 
403 

.  398 
213 

.     218 


Hardware     .       .       • .     .   . 
"Home  Lock"    ... 

Hall  Furnishings 

Heating  and  Ventilation 
Hot- Air  Pipes  ... 
Houseluold  Art     ... 
Household  Art 

Invalid  Use,  for 

Inside  Finish,  &c.     . 

Kitchen  Utensils    .         .         .        . 

List  of  House  Furnishing  Goods 
List  of  House  Furnishing  Goods 
Lighting  and  Fixtures 
Lighting    and   Fixtures  . 
Lightning  Rods,   &c. 
Lightning  Rods,  &c. 

Lathing,  &c 

Leaders,  Expanding 
Leaders,  Expanding 
Laundry    Articles 

Mason  work,  &c. 

Moldings,  &c 

Moldings,  &c.  .. 

Monuments    . 

Mantels,  &f. 

Mantels,  «fec,  .        . 

Newells,  &c.      . 

PaintJng  and  Materials 
Painting  and  Materials     .. 

j  Painting  and  Materials  .... 

i  Parlor  Furnishings     . 
Plumbing,  Heating,  &c. 
Places  and  Pric(.s^-a  Table 
Plastering    .... 
Pump  and  Sink 

I  Pelucidite 

]  Pelucidite"     . 


)f  Values  for  1870 


Page. 
410 
203 
222 
216 
216 
219 
415 

222 
212 

221 

221 
411 

218 
416 
210 
402 
208 
210 
408 
221 

205 
209 
407 
224 
213 
393 

213 

218 
322 
404 
222 
213 
197 
208 
215 

398 


House  Furnishings 
^Hardware 


219  I  Range,  &c. 
212  I  Rangxv«SiC. 


VI 


HOME      BUILDING. 


Roofing,  &c. 
Roofing,  «S;c. 
Registers,  &c. 
Registers,  &c. 


Staircases  .        , 

Slate,  &c.,  Manufacturers    . 
Slate  Roofs        .        « 
Skylights  &c. 
Skylights,   &c. 
Soil  Pipe       .... 
Stables  and  Stable  Fittings 
Stables  and  Stable  Fittings  . 
Specifications  elaborated,  &c. 
Sheathing  Paper  . 
Sheathing  Paper 
Steam  Warming  Apparatus 
Steam  Warming  Apparatus 

Tin-lined  Lead  Pipe     . 
Tin-lined  Lead  Pipe 
Tilghman's  Sand  Blast  Glass,  &c. 


Page. 

209 
409 
216 
405 

213 
400 
210 
210 
394 
216 
219 
412 
204 
209 
414 
217 
410 

214 
416 
311 


Tilghman's  Sand  Blast  Glass,  &c 
Towns  and  Cities,  &c. 
Terra  Cotta  Works,  «fec. 
Terra  Cotta  Works,  &c 
Tank 


Ventilating  Registers 

Windows,    &c. 
Window  Glass 
Wainscot,  &c.    . 
Wainscots,  Portable, 
Water  Closets    . 
Water  Closets,  Jennings' 
Water  Closets,  Jennings' 
WindlMlUs    . 
Wind  Mills 
Wash  Trays  . 
Wash  Basins      , 
Weather  Strips     .        . 
Weather  Strips 


&c. 


Page. 
395 
223 
206 
394 
215 

.  216 

211 
.  398 

212 
224 
214 
399 
216 

.  215 
401 

,  215 
216 

,  219 
396 


INDEX 


Of  Towns  and  Cities  Described,  Beginning  with  New  York. 


Page. 

New  York  City 223 

Akron,  Ohio 254 

Adrian,   Michigan 267 

Attica,  New  York 272 

Allentown,  Pennsylania       ....  302 

Altoona,  Pennsylvania     ....  307 

Allegheny,  Pennsylvania    -        .        -        -  309 

Ashland,  Kentucky 336 

Aberdeen,  Ohio 339 

Augusta,  Kentucky 339 

Alton,  Illinois 346 

Aurora,   Illinois 348 

Albany,  New  York 359 

Appleton,  Wisconsin        ....  369 

Binghamton,  New  York      ....  245 

Buffalo,    New    York        -        -        -        -  272 

Boonton,  New  Jersey  ...»       -  296 

Bedford,  Pennsylvania     ....  328 

Bloomington,  Illinois 344 


Page. 

Burlington,  Iowa 350 

Bayonne,  New  Jersey 298 

Bergen  Point,  New  Jersey        •        -        -  298 

Boston,   Massachusetts        .        -        .        .  351 

Ballston  Spa,   New  York        -        -        -  361 

Colfax,  California 382 

Council  Bluffs,   Iowa        ....  375 

California,  Missouri 371 

Columbus,  Ohio 333 

Coldwater,  Michigan    .        -       -        -        -  268 

Chester,  Pennsylvania     ....  329 

Clearfield,  Pennsylvania      -        -        -        -  329 

Camden,  New  Jersey        ....  325 

Catasauqua,  Pennsylvania    -        -        -        -  315 

Canton,  Ohio 311 

Clifton,  New  Jersey     -        -        .        -        -  236 

Corning,  New  York       ....  248 

Corry,  Pennsylvania 251 

Cleveland,  Ohio 258 


HOME      BUILDING. 


Vll 


Page. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 261 

Chicago,  Illiuois 268 

Caseyville,  Illinois 280 

Carlstadt,  New  Jersey       ...        -  288 

Cresson   Springs,    Pennyslvania         ■        -  307 

Curwinsville,  Pennsylvania      -        -        -  329 

Delaware  "Water  Gap,  New  Jersey      -        -  296 

Dover,   New  Jersey         ...        -  296 

Deposit,  New  York 244 

Dayton,  New  York 250 

Dunkirk,  New  York 250 

Dayton,  Ohio 258 

Detroit,  Michigan 375 

De  Ruyter,  New  York       -        -        -        -  292 

Decatur,  Illinois 343 

Davenport,  Iowa 363 

Denver,  Colorado 379 

Elmira,  New  York 247 

Elyria,   Ohio         -        -        -        -        -        -  264 

Elkhart,  Indiana 268 

Effingham,  Illinois 285 

Englewood,  New  Jersey         -        -        -  287 

Elizabeth,  New  Jersey        -        -        .        .  298 

Easton,  Pennsylvania       -        .        .        .  301 

Emporia,   Kansas 374 

Fort  Wayne,  Indiana        ....  312 

Fredricksburg,  Virginia       .        .        .        .  334 

Fon  du  Lac,  Wisconsin    -        -        -        -  367 

Fremont,  Nebraska 377 

Goshen,  New  York          -        -    '.,-        -  240 

Greenville,  New  Jersey        ....  298 

Grand   Rapids,  Michigan         -        -        -  342 

Greensburg,  Pennsylvania    ....  307 

Grand  JFIaven,  Michigan          -        -        -  343 

Greenfield,  Massachusetts    ....  353 

Geneva,  New  York 363 

Hawthorn,  New  Jersey        ....  238 

HorncUsville,   New  York        -        -        -  249 

Hamilton,  Ohio 260 

Hamilton,  Canada 274 

Highland,   Illinois 286 

Hillsdale,  Michigan 268 

Hackensack,  New  Jersey     ....  289 

Harrisburgh,  Pennsylvania       -        -        -  305 

Huntington,  Pennsylvania  -        .        -        -  306 

Hanover,  Pennsylvania    ...        -  328 

Huntington,  West  Virginia  ....  335 

Indianapolis,  Indiana        ....  284 

Ithaca,  New  York 291 

Ironton,  Ohio 337 

Jamestown,  New  York        ....  251 


Page. 

Jackson,  Michigan 277 

Joliet,  Illinois 348 

Julesburg,  Nebraska        ....  378 

Kalamazoo,    Michigan         ....  277 

Knightstown,  Indiana       -        -     .-        -  283 

Kirkwood,  Missouri 369 

Kansas  City,  Missouri      .        .        -        .  372 

Lansing,  Michigan 348 

Louisville,  Kentucky        .        .        .        .  341 

Lynchburg,  Virginia 335 

Lancaster,    Pennsylvania         -        -        -  326 

Lock  Haven,  Pennsylvania        -        -        -  317 

Lima,  Ohio       - 312 

Lake  View,  New  Jorsey      -        .        .        -  236 

Lackawaxen,  Pennsylvania      -        -        -  244 

London,  Canada  --.---  274 

Lawreuceburgh,   Indiana         -        -        -  278 

Lebanan,  Pennsylvania        ....  304 

Lewiston,  Pennsylvania   .        -        -        -  306 

Littleton,    New  Hampshire        -        -        -  356 

Lawrence,  Kansas    -        -        -        -        -  374 

Middletown,  New  York       -        -        -        -  241 

Meadville,  Pennsylvania  -        .        -        -  253 

Mansfield,  Ohio    ------  256 

Marion,  Ohio 256 

Morristown,  New  Jersey      -        -        .        -  295 

Maysville,  Kentucky        ....  339 

Madison,  Indiana 340 

Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa      -        -        -        -  351 

Montpelier,  Vermont    -----  357 

Muscatine,  Iowa 364 

Milwaukee,  Wisconsin        ....  366 

Macon  City,  Missouri       ....  373 

Newburyport,  Massachusetts      -        -        -  356 

Newport,  Rhode  Island    -        -        -        -  355 

Norwalk,   Connecticut         ...        -  353 

Norwalk,    Ohio 265 

New  Durham,   New  Jersey        -        -        -  286 

Newburgh,  New  York      -        .        -        -  290 

Newark,   New  Jersey         -        -        -        -  293 

New  Brunswick,   New  Jersey        -        -  319 

Norristown,    Pennsylvania         -        -        -  826 

Owego,   New  York         -        -        -        .  246 

Clean,  New  York 249 

Oberlin,  Ohio 205 

Olney,  Illinois 280 

Orange,  New  Jersey        -        -        -        -  294 

Ottawa,  Illinois 349 

Oswego,    New  York        ....  392 

Oroville,  California      .        -        -        .        -  386 

Ogden,  Utah      -        -        -        • '      -        -  380 


Vlll 


HOME     BCJILDIlSrG. 


Omaha,  Nebraska 

Port  Jervis,  New  York    - 
Portage,  New  York 
Passaic  Bridge,  New  Jersey 
Passaic  City,  New  Jersey    - 
Paterson,  New  Jersey 
Plainfield,   New  Jersey 
Pittsburgli,  Pennsylvania 
Plymouth,  Indiana 
Perth  Amboy,  New  Jersey 
Princeton,   New  Jersey 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 
Portsmouth,   Ohio 
Poughkeepsie,  New  York 

Rock  Springs,  Wyoming     - 
Rome,  New  York    - 
Reading,  Pennsylvania 
Rutherford,  New  Jersey   - 
Ramapo,  New  York     - 
Richmond,  Indiana  - 
Rochester,  Pennsylvania 
Railway,  New  Jersey 

Stonington,  Connecticut 
Springfield,  Illinois   - 
Suffern,  New  York 
Springfield,  Ohio 
Suspension  Bridge,  New  York 
Seymour,  Indiana 
Sandoval,   Illinois 
Saint  Louis,  Missouri 
Scranton,    Pennsylvania 
Somerville,  New  Jersey    - 
Salem,    Ohio 
Steubcnville,  Ohio    - 
Sturgis,  Michigan 
Schenectady,   New  York 


Page 
375 

343 
271 
233 
233 
237 
300 
308 
313 
318 
320 
321 
338 
358 

379 
361 
302 
225 
239 
282 
310 
318 

354 
345 
238 
257 
273 
278 
280 
281 
297 
301 
310 
331 
268 
360 


Sibley,    Iowa 
Sheboygan,  Wisconsin 
Sedalia,   Missouri 
St.  Joseph,   Missouri 
South  Amboy,  New  Jersey 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 
Sacramento,  California 
Stockton,  California 
Santa  Rosa,  California 
San  Luis  Obispo,  California 
Santa  Barbara,  Cali  ornia 
San  Francisco,  California 

Turners,  New  York     . 
Toledo,  Ohio     . 
Terre  Haute,  Indiana  . 
Towanda,  Pennsylvania   . 
Trenton,  New  Jersey  . 
Truckee,  California  . 

Urbana,  Ohio 

Vincennes,  Indiana 


Page. 

•  365 
368 
371 
373 
319 
380 
383 
384 
386 
388 
388 
390 

239 
266 
285 
316 
320 
382 

257 

279 


West  Rutherford,  New  Jersey    . 

.    232 

Waverly,  New  York 

247 

Windsor,  Canada 

.     275 

Wooster,   Ohio         .        .         .         . 

311 

Wilkes  Barre,  Pennsylvania 

.     315 

Williamsport,  Pennsylvania    . 

316 

Warren,  Pennsylvania 

.     317 

Wilmington,  Delaware    . 

330 

Wheeling,  West  Virginia     . 

.     332 

Worcester,  Massachusetts 

352 

Watertown,  Wisconsin 

.     366 

Washington,  New  Jersey 

296 

Washington,  Missouri 

.     370 

Watsonville,  California    . 

387 

Zanesville,  Ohio  . 


332 


Any  further  information  in  connection  with  this  work  will  be  cheerfully  given  on  application, 
and  any  working  plans  or  specifications  will  be  promptly  furnished  at  the  most  moderate  charges. 
Address  all  communications  in  connection  with  the  above  to 

E.  C.  HUSSEY,  Architect, 

191  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


All  the  Engravings  in  this  work  were  executed  by  Mr.  Chas.  Spiegle,  191  Broadway,  New 
York,  who  is  an  artist  of  rare  ability  and  great  experience  in  his  line,  as  is  apparent  from  the 
superiority  of  his  work. 


^IcLte  JVb.  1, 

The  building  represented  in  this  plate,  will  present  a  familiar  face  to  the  ■majority  of  those  who 
examine  this  book.  Its  prototype  may  be  seen  pleasantly  reposing  amid  the  shadows  of  well- 
grown  trees,  or  rigidly  enduring  the  blaze  of  a  new,  unplanted  lot,  on  the  streets  and  avenues  of 
hundreds  of  recently  built  towns  and  cities,  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.  Yes,  it  is  rather  plain, 
but,  like  many  a  plain  person,  it  is  sensible.  It  makes  no  unnecessary  waste  of  space  or  materials; 
it  does  not  pretend  to  be  whit  it  is  not.  It  appears  here  because  it  is  the  representation  of  the 
tangible  covering  of  many  a  happy  home.  In  most  examples,  perhaps,  the  building  remains  a 
simple  rectangle  of  20x30,  or  22x33  feet,  not  having  received  the  extension  of  12.6x15  feet,  as 
in  our  example.  This  is  one  of  the  forms  by  which  a  commodious  space,  with  a  goodly  number  of 
divisions,  can  be  at  least  pleasantly  inclosed,  without  necessarily  requiring  more  than  an  ordinary 
city  lot  of  25x100  feet,  although  a  lot  30  feet  wide  would  be  preferable, 

MEM.— SPECIFICATION. 

Cellar  under  the  whole  house  Foundation  walls  to  final  surface  of  earth,  of  stone  16  inches 
thick,  or  8  inches  of  bricks,  well  footed.  Above  surface  8  inches  of  hard  brick,  pointed  outside  and 
inside.  Cistern  complete,  7x10  feet;  overflow  pit,  stoned  up,  3x4  feet;  cesspool,  do.,  do.,  4x7  feet. 
20  feet  from  house.  Frame  of  good  sound  hemlock,  semi-balloon  consi  ruction,  thoroughly  braced, 
and  spiked  together  complete.  Sheathed  with  faced  hemlock  or  common  pine,  roof  and  sides. 
Weatherboard  with  narrow  lap-siding  thoroughly  put  on;  ornamentation  as  shown.  Roofs 
covered  with  good  slates  (or  shingles)  laid  on  resonated  sheathing  paper;  piazza  roof,  tin;  all  to 
have  ample  gutters.  Chimneys  start  from  cellar  bottom';  kitchen  chimney,  one  flue;  parlor  do., 
three  flues.  Floors  laid  of  1x6  inch  spruce  or  pine  flooring,  selected  for  first  floor;  attic  floor 
the  poorest  of  lot;  piazza  floor,  1%  w.  p.  Lath  and  Plaster  the  entire  first  and  second  stories; 
closets  all  laid  off  one  coat  and  .skimmed,  all  other  walls  and  ceilings  two  coats  and  hard  finish. 
Cornice  in  parlor,  6x9 inches;  in  dining  room,  5x8  inches;  in  hall,  5x8  do.;  center  piece  in  parlor, 
15x20  inches.  Trimmed  neatly  throughout,  to  correspond  with  design.  Stairs  where  shown,  7 
inch  newel,  d}i  inch  rail,  2  inch  balusters,  all  of  walnut  for  front  stairs;  kitchen  and  attic  flights 
are  box  stairs.  Drawers  and  closets,  all  fitted  up,  where  shown  to  suit.  Earth  closet  fitted  up  at 
head  of  cellar  stairs,  with  ventilation.  Doors  all  as  shown;  all  outside  1^  inches  thick,  and  main 
room  doors  1)4  inches  thick,  neatly  panneled  and  molded  on  both  sides;  all  closet  doors  1)4  inches 
thick,  neatly  paneled  and  molded  on  one  side;  all  hung  on  strong  cast  butts,  to  suit.  Closet 
doors  fitted  with  rim-locks,  all  others  with  fair  mortise  locks;  all  furniture  to  suit,  of  a  fair  quality. 
Windows,  all  sash,  1)4  inches  thick,  well  hung  with  casfweights,  cords,  and  pulleys  complete;  all 
provitkd  with  good  catches  on  first  floor,  glazed  with  French-fiheet  glass. 

Blinds  hung  outside  to  all  windows,  rolling  slats.  New  York  wrought  hinges,  and  good  fasten- 
ings to  all.  Cast-Iron  Sink  in  kitchen,  where  shown,  properly  fitted  up  with  waste  and  trap,  and 
connected  with  cesspool.  Pump  set  up  on  sink  drip-board,  and  connected  with  cistern  or  well. 
Leaders  from  gutters  to  cistern,  complete.  Painting. — All  metal  roofs  and  outside  wood  work 
painted  two  good  coats,  with  best  white  lead  and  linseed  oil,  in  tints  to  suit  owner.  All  inside  wood 
work  painted  two  good  coats,  do.,  do.,  mixed  with  turpentine. 

If  the  ground  is  inclined  to  be  wet,  it  should  be  drained,  and  tbe  cellar  bottom  grouted  and 
cemented;  also  the  cellar  ceiling  pla-^tered  one  good  coat.  The  attic  can  be  finished  into  two  neal 
rooms,  if  required,  thus  making  eleven  fair  rooms  in  the  house. 

Cosi  at  New  York,  $2,200. 


Perspective, 


pROUND  Plan. 


pnAMBER  Plan. 

P  LATE     1 


^IcLte  JVb.  ^. 


The  plan  of  this  building  is  ahout  the  same  as  No.  1,  with  the  exception  of  a  small  scullery,  is 
which  there  is  a  cellar  entrance,  in  place  of  the  two-story  extension.  The  house  is  also  22x30  feet, 
while  the  other  is  20x30  feet.  The  scullery  is  covered  with  a  shed  or  flat  roof;  it  is  not  shown  on 
the  perspective.  The  method  of  roofing,  to  show  which  is  the  principal  object  of  this  plate,  allows 
the  stairs  to  the  attic  to  be  constructed  over  the  main  stairs,  and  affords  much  nicer  opportunity  for 
fitting  up  two,  or  even  three,  neat  rooms  in  the  attic.  By  this  roof  treatment,  the  exterior  appear- 
ance of  the  building  is  considerably  improved,  and,  indeed,  is  radically  different  from  that  of  No.  1, 
so  that  in  case  neighbors  desired  to  use  about  the  same  plan  (which  would  be  difficult  to  improve 
much,  for  the  same  cost  and  room),  they  could  do  so  without  the  danger  of  either  monotony  or  want 
of  agreement  in  appearance.  The  specifications  for  this  house,  in  reference  to  construction, 
materials  used,  with  general  appointments  and  finish,  are  about  parallel  to  those  of  No.  1. 

This  building  costs  at  New  York,  Rutherford,  Newark,  Plainfield,  or  at  almost  any  point  within 
25  miles  of  New  York,  about  $2,000.  At  Newport,  R.  I.,  $2,200;  Boston,  Mass,  $2,300;  Mount 
Pelier,  Vt.,  $1,800;  Pliiladelphia,  Pa.,  $2,000;  Baltimore,  Md.,  $2,000;  Lynchburgh,  Va.,  $1,800. 
Throughout  the  central  west,  from  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  to  Omaha,  Neb.,  it  would  range  from 
$1,600  to  $2,000,  which  may  be  figured  out  by  the  use  of  our  elaborate  table  of  "Places  and  Costs," 
At  Sacramento,  Stockton,  Santa  Rosa,  San  Jose,  and  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  or  any  other  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Valley  towns,  where  there  is  no  necessity  for  using  a  cellar,  or  foundation  more  than  12  inches 
deep;  but  where  some  materials  and  labor  range  higher,  its  cost  will  average  about  $1,800. 

At  Rutherford,  N.  J. ,  may  be  seen  three  examples  of  this  design.  They  stand  on  Ridge  Avenue- 
about  ten  minutes  walk  from  the  Depot.  The  owner  placed  them  in  a  row,  thereby  very  much 
damaging  their  general  effect,  by  producing  a  monotonous  appearance.  We  know  of  no  design 
that  will  stand  more  than  two  examples  in  the  same  block,  without  detracting  in  some  way  from 
their  desirableness.  As  is  suggested  above,  if  the  same  plan  is  desired,  the  roofs  and  ornaments 
should  be  varied  so  as  to  destroy  any  disagreeable  sameness. 

Cost  at  New   York,  $2,000. 


Perspective. 


Ground    Plan. 


J 


I  TUl 


Chamber  J^lan. 


^L-A 


-ATE      2 


^IcLte  jS^o.  S.  . 

Here  is  another  variation  of  the  same  dimensions  (20x30).  In  this  case  the  lots  sloped  from 
rear  to  front  at  the  rate  of  three  feet  in  twenty,  and  it  was  not  convenient  or  desirable  to  grade  them 
level.  The  natural  suggestion  Avas  for  a  basement  kitchen  in  the  front  part  of  the  cellar.  The 
house,  fronting  south-west,  would  allow  plenty  of  sunshine  'n  the  bay-window,  thereby  assuring 
a  dry,  light,  healthy  atmosphere.  The  house  was  set  up  on  a  foundation  high  enough  to  cause  the 
piers  under  the  piazza  to  be  4  feet  6  inches  high,  above  the  area  coping,  and  the  basement  to  bt; 
7  feet  6  inches  in  the  clear.  One  thought  of  the  owner  w^as  to  arrange  for  the  occupation  of  two 
families,  and  for  that  reason  a  kitchen  is  noted  on  the  parlor  floor  plan.  The  bay-window  in  the 
parlor  is  a  very  pleasant  addition,  and  the  balustrade  around  the  piazza  contributes  to  the  good 
appearance  of  the  front,  although  it  was  placed  there  from  necessity.  It  will  be  observed  that  there 
are  three  windows  across  the  front,  and  that  they  are  slight!}'  more  ornamental  than  those  of  the 
former  plates.  The  roof  of  this  building  is  constructed  on  the  same  plan  as  that  of  No.  1,  with  the 
exception  that  it  is  dropped  down  to  a  quarter  pitch,  thereby  preventing  any  opportunity  for  finish- 
ing up  rooms  in  the  attic.  The  general  construction,  materials  and  finish,  are  about  equal  in  quality 
to  the  two  preceding  numbers.  The  roof  is  too  flat  for  slate  or  shingles,  thereby  requiring  tin, 
which  was  well  nailed  on  and  soldered  complete.  The  exterior  painting  of  this  building  was  exe- 
cuted in  the  colors  numbered  69  and  121,  of  Harrison  Bros.  &  Co.'s  "Town  and  Country  "  ready 
mixed  paints;  and  presents  a  very  pretty,  neat  appearance.  The  chamber  over  the  parlor  was 
finished  with  a  cornice  and  centrepiece,  so  as  to  answer  for  a  second  parlor,  in  case  it  should  be  re- 
quired for  such  a  purpose,  This  building  would  answer  very  well  to  stand  as  neighbor  to  Nos.  1 
and  2,  placing  No.  2  in  the  centre. 

Cost  at  New  Yorii,  $2,000. 


Perspective. 


I2'6"XI0'3" 


Basement  Plan. 


Parlor  J^loor 


^IcLta  JSTo.    4. 


The  twin  cottages  represented  in  this  plate,  may  be  built  in  duplicates  across  an  entire  block, 
thus  forming  a  continuous  row;  be  used  in  pairs,  as  in  this  example,  or  separated  into  single  houses. 
For  the  purpose  of  ecimoray,  or  appearance,  the  twin  form  as  shown  in  this  plate  is  preferable.  In 
case  of  its  being  erected  in  separate  hou?eR,  tlie  twin  window  over  the  entrance  porch  would  be 
abolisherl,  and  a  single  one,  placijd  a  suitable  distance  from  the  corner,  to  CDrrespond  with  the  one 
now  shown  on  the  outside,  would  be  used. 

The  plan  would  be  increased  to  18x26  feet,  outside,  and  the  entrance  porch  widened  one  foot. 
The  roof  should  also  be  lifted  up  about  18  inches,  so  as  to  allow  a  deeper  cornice,  and  more  eprich- 
ment,  while  better  ventilation  under  the  roof  would  be  afforded.  These  buildings  stand  on  lots 
sloping  from  front  to  rear,  falling  3  feet  in  30.  The  basement  is  used  for  a  kitchen  in  the  rear,  and 
a  dining  and  living  room  m  front.  It  is  well  out  of  ground,  so  as  to  bring  the  kitchen  (rear)  door 
sill  above  the  surface  about  6  inches,  while  the  front  is  about  two  feet  below  the  area  coping. 

There  being  no  cellars  under  the  houses,  tlie  areas  are  extended  under  the  steps,  which  are 
neatly  enclosed,  thereby  affording  very  comfortable  coal-houses.  There  is  no  space  wasted  for  the 
purposes  of  a  hall  in  the  front  basement,  the  door  at  the  head  of  the  stairs,  and  the  hall  on  the 
parlor  floor,  obviating  any  real  necessity  for  such  a  waste  of  space  and  materials  in  a  house  of  this 
character.  This  house,  especially  if  used  separate,  should  be  built  of  brick,  although  the  ones 
shown  in  this  plate  have  only  brick  basements. 

The  roofs  being  flat  necessitate  the  use  of  tin  or  its  equivalent.  The  ?rater  all  being  thrown  to 
the  rear,  is  caught  in  a  V  gutter,  and  passed  through  one  leader  for  each  house  to  the  cistern,  to 
which  the  pump,  at  the  sink  in  the  kitchen,  is  connected. 

The  finish  of  these  houses  is  plain  and  neat,  the  parlors  only  are  molded. 

They  have  proved  to  be  very  comfortable,  pleasant  little  houses  to  live  in. 

The  roofs  are  covered  with  patent  Asbestos  roofing,  and  thorouglily  coated  with  the  roof 
coating.     The  expense  of  the  roofs  being  about  one  half  that  of  tin,  at  the  time  they  were  put  on. 
Cost  in  New  York,  $1,000  and  $1,200  Each. 


Perspective. 


B'Xire- 

—  ■ 

gxiis" 

8  XM6- 

■        ^'^ 

\\  1  ' 

■ 

1 

10' 

,::^ 

n: 

I 

^ASEMENTa 


r^ 


Cha? 


Plate    4, 


^I^LclU  JVo.    5. 


The  outline  form  of  the  cottage  before  us  in  this  plate  is  the  same  as  that  of  Nos.  2  and  3,  with 
the  exception  that  it  i3  36  feet  long,  instead  of  30.  The  arrangement  of  the  plan,  however,  is  radi- 
cally different,  in  that  the  longest  diameter  is  presented  to  the  street.  The  hall,  dividing  the  space 
in  the  centre  through  its  shortest  diameter,  groups  the  rooms  in  two  separate  sections.  By  this 
arrangement,  both  the  dining-room  and  parlor  have  windows  looking  front  and  rear,  which,  in  this 
instance,  is  very  desirable,  as  the  rear  looks  out  upon  a  beautiful  mountain  valley,  while  the  front 
commands  a  view  of  the  passing  street  life. 

This  method  of  placing  a  hall,  where,  as  in  this  plan,  it  is  of  a  fairly  comfortable  width,  affords 
the  opportunity  during  the  Summer  months  of  inviting  the  "gentle  zephyrs"  to  pass  directly 
through  your  house,  besides  admitting  of  read}'  access  to  all  the  rooms  from  the  halls. 

This  is  another  example  where  it  was  desirable  to  place  the  kitchen  in  one  end  of  the  cellar  or 
basement,  on  account  of  the  lay  of  the  land,  which  slopes  from  the  main  thoroughfare  or  street,  off 
towards,  and  finally  into  a  broad  beautiful  valley. 

The  cistern  is  placed  under  the  front  piazza,  is  6x20  feet,  arched,  and  is  three  feet  deep  under 
the  foot  of  the  arch.  A  pipe  is  taken  from  a  point  tAvo  inches  above  the  bottom  line,  which  is  caused 
to  incline  slightly  toward  the  outlet,  directly  to  the  sink  in  the  kitchen,  where  there  is  a  faucet 
through  which  the  watei  from  the  cistern  is  drawn  without  the  use  of  a  pump. 

The  veranda,  across  a  portion  of  the  rear,  affords  a  pleasant  retreat  for  the  "smoker,"  of  a 
warm  Summer  evening,  while  at  the  same  time  it  covers  the  basement  entrance,  and  permits  a 
passage  from  the  main  hall,  by  Avay  of  a  flight  of  steps  at  one  end,  to  the  rear  grounds. 

This  house  is  finished  inside  about  as  is  described  for  No.  1.     The  roof  is  covered  with  slate, 
and  the  ridges  ornamented  with  iron  crestings  and  finials.     The  attic  is  finished  in  two  comfortable 
rooms  and  a  hall,  so  that  there  are  eight  good  rooms  in  all,  and  a  fair  amount  of  closet  room.     The 
cellar  is  very  convenient  to  the  kitchen,  while  the  wide,  light  hall  between  them  effectually  pro- 
tects the  one  from  the  influence  of  the  other. 

Cost  at  New    York,   $2,200. 


f  ERSPECTIYE. 


Rasement  Plan. 


Chambsr  Plan. 


Ground  Plan, 


f.LA 


TE 


Alette   jSTo.    6. 

When  it  was  desired  to  construct  the  house  represented  in  this  plate,  a  more  ornamental  and 
diversified  exterior  appearance  was  wanted  than  is  presented  in  either  of  the  former  plates. 
Although  our  old  fiiend  Copley  has  fully  demonstrated  that  it  is  po3sible  to  take  a  plan  of  a  simple 
square  or  rectangular  outline,  and  construct  over  it  a  roof,  labored  Avith  gables,  gabeletts,  towers, 
dormers,  pinnacles,  chimneys  and  finials,  to  such  an  extent  as  to  completely  annihilate  all  hint  of 
plainness,  and  actually  create  in  its  stead  a  gorgeous  variety  of  intensely  engaging  interest. 

Yet  he  has  not  so  far,  that  we  are  avv-are,  been  able  to  demonstrate  that  a  variety  so  composed 
can  be  produced  with  as  reasonable  an  outlay,  as  an  equally  good  effect  can  be  obtained  by  working 
over  what  we  term  a  broken  plan.  Angles  give  a  natural  opportunity  for  ornamentation,  and, 
when  handled  with  reasonable  care,  at  once  produce  pleasing  combinations.  It  is,  however,  more 
expensive  to  enclose  a  given  number  of  cubic  feet  of  space  with  a  broken  plan  than  it  is  with  a 
square  or  rectangular  form,  where  there  is  no  desire  or  necessity  for  exterior  variety  of  any  con- 
siderable extent.  The  plan  before  us  does  not  afford  as  many  desirable  rooms  for  the  same  pro- 
portion of  outlay  as  is  obtained  in  No.  5.  There  is,  however,  a  larger  closet  accommodation,  and 
a  very  comfortable  little  bath  room  besides. 

The  dining-room  and  parlor,  with  the  rooms  over  them,  are  heated  by  the  use  of  two  fire-place 
(or  Baltimore)  heaters;  while  the  room  over  the  kitchen  is  supplied  with  hot  air  from  the  range  in 
the  kitchen,  which  has  a  heating  apparatus  attached  to  it.  The  two  attic  rooms  obtain  ample  heat 
for  ordinary  chamber  purposes  from  the  hall,  and  the  heated  chimneys  passing  through  them. 

The  roof  is  covered  with  two  colors  of  slate,  laid  in  bands.  The  ridges  are  ornamented  with 
cast-iron  crestings  and  finials,  of  the  "  Yates  "  pattern.  The  gases  of  the  kitchen  are  cut  off  from 
the  living  rooms  by  the  introduction  of  the  enclosed  space  in  the  rear  and  of  the  hall,  as  shown. 
Both  the  interior  and  exterior  trimmings  and  furniture  are  of  about  ten  per  cent  better  quality  than 
those  specified  for  No.  1.  The  bay-window  to  the  dining-room  allows  a  view  front,  and  is  found 
to  be  a  great  comfort. 

Cost  at  New   York,  $3,400. 


'ERSPECTIYE. 


Ground   Plan. 


^'IcLte  JSTo.   7. 


About  fifteen  years  ago,  what  is  generally  known  as  the  French  roof  was  drawing  near  its 
climax  of  popularity;  at  that  time,  however,  it  was  seldom  used  on  a  building  less  than  three  stories 
high,  as  most  of  our  architects  had  not  yet  fathomed  the  art  of  making  such  a  roof  look  elevated, 
dignified  and  pleasing,  on  a  two-floor  dwelling.  The  absolute  popularity  of  the  Mansard,  as  first 
introduced,  did  not  hold  at  par  over  half  a  dozen  years;  its  unpleasant  rigidity,  and  remarkable 
tendency  to  monotony  proved  sufficient  to  produce  a  reaction,  unfavorable  to  its  being  generally 
accepted  as  the  style.  So  that  about  eight  years  since  a  general  disposition  began  to  show  itself  on 
the  part  of  designers  to  mix  up  the  French  with  the  Swiss,  and  especially  the  Gothic,  introducing 
gables,  gablets,  dormers  and  hoods  of  a  decided  Gothic  character,  very  much  changing  the  first 
rules,  and  wonderfully  benefiting  the  style,  especially  where  used  on  a  two-story  building. 

The  example  in  the  plate  before  us  is  one  of  the  more  recent  methods  we  have  used  in  treating 
the  two-story  mansard;  this  combination  of  design  very  nearly,  if  not  quite,  overturns  the  undigni- 
fied, squatty  effect,  that  is  generally  the  most  unsatisfactory  feature  in  connection  with  this  class  of 
houses.  There  is  about  a  four-feet  space  between  the  second  floor  ceiling  and  the  roof  beams, 
which  affords  ample  opportunity  for  ventilation. 

The  cornice  is  lifted  five  feet  above  the  second  beams,  and  the  side  walls  are  only  battered  in 
from  a  point  about  six  feet  above  the  second  floor;  which,  to  a  very  great  extent,  eradicates  the  most 
unpleasant  feature  in  connection  with  French-roof  chambers. 

The  plan  of  this  house  is  but  slightly  different  from  one  we  have  used,  with  various  modifica- 
tions, in  a  number  of  instances,  and  has  been  found  to  afford  as  many  pleasant,  desirable  points  as 
any  arrangement  we  have  ever  made  in  a  building  of  about  ils  cost. 

The  tower  adds  very  much  to  the  dignity  of  its  exterior  effect;  allows  of  a  pleasing  treatment 
in  the  hall,  benefits  the  room  over  the  hall,  and  does  not  add  but  about  $200  to  the  total  expense 

The  construction,  finish  and  trim,  is  of  the  same  class  as  that  of  No.  G. 
Cost  at  New  York,  $3,200. 


Perspective. 


pROUND  Plan. 


1 


^- 


P 


HAMBER  Plan. 


f^ 


P LATE     J 


^latp.  JSTo.    8. 


We  have  represented  in  this  plate  another  form  of  twin  buildings,  which  were  produced  under 
rather  extraordinary  circumstances.  The  lot  on  which  they  stand  is  a  corner,  100  feet  square,  on 
two,  about  equally  desirable  streets.  The  owner  had  two  customers  who  would  take  half  the  plot 
each,  provided  they  could  get  a  plan  for  building  such  houses  as  they  wished  theron;  one  fronting 
on  one  street,  and  the  other  fronting  on  the  other  street;  both  to  sit  equally  distant  from  the  streets, 
and  both  to  have  their  parlor  bays  looking  towards  the  corner,  also  both  to  have  their  entrances 
equally  distant  from  the  corner,  as  far  away  from  it  as  possible.  The  buildings  were  to  be  low  priced, 
and  there  was  no  objection  to  dividing  the  plot  in  any  form  that  would  accomplish  the  object,  pro- 
vided the  houses  were  satisfactory.  One  other  condition,  that  every  room  should  have  the  use  of 
a  chimney,  if  wanted,  was  also  a  part  of  the  requirernents.  When  the  complete  proposition  was 
first  stated,  it  looked  like  a  difficult  one  to  solve,  but  after  some  thought  and  sketching,  we  pro- 
duced the  plans  shown  in  this  plate,  which  fully  met  the  requirements,  and  gave  entire  satisfaction. 

The  buildings,  being  placed  exactly  in  the  center  of  the  plot,  allow  25  feet  from  each  front  to 
the  fence  line,  and  also  25  feet  from  the  ends  of  the  dining-room  projections  to  the  side  fences. 
The  back  yards  are  divided  with  a  tight  board  fence  through  the  angle,  as  shown,  and  the  same 
style  of  fence  encloses  the  yards  on  a  line  with  the  rear  walls,  thus  shutting  in  a  space  about  46  feet 
square  in  the  corner  most  distant  from  each  street.  A  capacious  cistern  is  placed  so  as  to  accommodate 
both  houses,  and  one  cesspool  answers  for  both.  The  bay-windows  were  placed  on  the  ends  of  the 
parlors  instead  of  the  sides,  which  would  have  allowed  them  a  view  of  the  corner,  because  of  the 
improved  interior  effect  they  give  to  the  rooms  so  placed.  Each  house  contains  eight  comfortable 
rooms,  two  being  finished  in  each  attic,  and  all  rooms  have  good  closet  accommodation.  The  dining 
rooms,  which  are  also  the  living  rooms,  look  directly  on  the  streets,  affording  the  occupants  the 
pleasant  diversion  of  inspecting  the  passers  by.  These  houses  class  in  their  construction  and  finish 
with  No.  1. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $2,000  Each. 


f 


ERSPECTIVE. 


i  \' 

DIN  I  MC  ROOM  I 

r**  .'~*^  '—V—'  -* 


pROUND    Plan. 


pHAMBER  Plan. 


J^LA 


TE 


^IcLte  JVo.  9. 


In  planning  the  arrangement  and  grouping  of  rooms  in  which  human  beings  are  to  spend  their 
days,  homes  to  be  established,  children  reared,  labors  of  love  and  toil  constantly  performed,  great 
care  and  thought  should  be  given  to  the  probabilities  of  future  needs  and  accommodations,  as  well 
as  to  the  present  ideas  of  necessity  and  comfort.  "We  have  often  been  required  to  make  plans, 
which  had  about  as  much  adaptibility  and  concern  in  their  make-up,  for  little  feet  which  "patter 
in  the  hall,"  as  a  sub-cellar  has  for  the  comfortable  use  of  a  Sunday  school.  There  are  two  things 
which  shoulil  never  be  lost  sight  of  in  house  planning,  whatever  else  may  be  waved  or  overlooked. 
First:  That  it  is  not  only  the  home  center,  the  retreat  and  shelter  for  all  the  family,  but  that  it  is 
also  the  workshop  for  the  mother  and  her  helps'.  It  is  not  only  where  she  is  to  live,  and  love,  but 
where  she  is  to  care  and  labor.  Her  hours,  days,  weeks,  months  and  years  are  spent  within  its 
bands;  until  she  becomes  an  enthroned  fixture,  more  indispensable  than  the  house  itself.  Second: 
That  the  little  ones  have  not  only  need  to  be  sheltered  by  a  roof,  protected  by  walls  and  provided 
with  a  bed,  but  they  must  also  have  comfortable  runways  and  conveniences  for  romp  and  sunlight, 
in  order  to  have  happiness  and  health,  without  which  home  is  but  a  "whited  sepulchre."  This 
second  point  should  be  kept  in  view,  while  at  the  same  time  it  is  constantly  remembered  that 
anything  which  will  economize  steps  and  labor  for  the  worker  is  of  the  utmost  importance. 
The  plans  presented  in  this  plate  have  attained  to  a  considerable  degree  of  success,  with  reference 
to  the  points  above  named.  The  porch,  placed  by  the  side  of  the  kitchen  and  main  hall,  is  in  a 
sunny  exposure,  and  communicates  with  a  center  hall,  through  which  the  youngsters  can  bolt, 
without  the  necessity  of  disturbing  that  part  of  the  house  which  so  strangely  sympathizes  with  the 
nervous  system  of  the  housekeeper.  The  passage  between  the  pantry  and  water-closet,  and  the 
body  of  the  house,  effectually  cut?,  them  off  from  the  living  rooms,  Avhile  they  are  within  conve- 
nient, comfortable,  reach  of  them.  The  kitchen  and  dining-room  are  equipped  with  appliances 
which  make  them  easy  of  communication,  while  at  the  same  time  the  latter  is  well  protected  from 
the  smell  of  the  form  er. 

The  class  of  this  house  is  the  same  as  No.  G. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $3,500. 


f  ERSPECTIVE. 


\ 


/ 


/ 


VL 


£rxj 


Ground  Plan. 


Chamber  J^lan. 


Plate  9 


'PlCLta    JVO.     10. 


While  there  are  certain  requirements  that  ever}^  du'elling  house  must  of  necessity  possess,  in 
order  to  entitle  it  to  any  respect  or  consideration  on  the  part  of  the  progressive  home  builder,  yet 
there  is  a  very  great  breadth  of  difference  between  the  actual  demand  for  exterior  appearance,  and 
certain  peculiarities  of  internal  arrangement  on  the  part  of  different  persons,  arising  from*  tlieir 
different  standpoints  of  tasteful  culture,  habits  of  life,  occupation,  and  education,  even  among 
those  Avho  are  financially  on  a  par. 

The  farmer,  whose  buildings  are  situated  upon  an  unfrequented  road,  and  whose  income  is 
limited  to  certain  bounds,  beyond  whicli  it  would  be  hopeless  for  him  to  attempt  to  go,  would  not 
be  justified  in  the  eyes  of  a  prudent  judge  in  expending  any  very  considerable  sum  on  elaborate  ex- 
terior ornaments,  or  ricli  interior  decorations,  which  annually  require  considerable  outlay  to  keep 
them  in  repair,  and  protect  them  from  the  elements. 

A  neat,  pleasant,  exterior  effect,  w^ith  as  few  angles  of  roofs,  or  walls,  as  possible,  with  a  con- 
venient arrangement  of  the  interior,  not  overlooking  a  degree  of  luxury,  in  the  size  and  adjustment 
of  the  rooms,  would  be  the  direction  of  thought  commendable  under  such  circumstances.  The 
building  before  us  in  this  plate  represents  a  modern-sized  farm  house,  which  was  erected  on  Long 
Island  by  a  gentleman  under  circumstances  similar  to  those  indicated  above.  The  rooms  are  all  of 
good,  comfortable  size,  well  arranged,  and  the  library  indicates  a  degree  of,  and  desire  for,  the  cul- 
ture of  the  mind,  as  well  as  fields  and  appetites.  There  is  a  cellar  under  the  house,  with  a  grouted 
and  cem.ented  floor,  ceiling  plastered  one  coat,  and  all  Avails  and  ceiling  thoroughlj-  whitewashed. 
One  portion  of  the  cellar  has  a  milk-room  completely  fitted  up  in  it,  and  the  other  is  used  for  the 
storage  of  coal,  &c.  The  rear  hall,  which  is  entirely  cut  off  from  the  front,  is  the  one  commonly  in 
use.  Two  rooms  are  finished  in  the  attic.  The  entire  construction,  finish  and  trimmings,  is  of  a 
good,  plain,  substantial  nature. 

Cost,   $2,500. 


LEYATION. 


pROUND    Plan. 


fr "-  = 

■iO) 

•G"X   I4-' 

= :=  =  n 

1 

-^ 

9'9'XI?'5" 

9  9'XI2S" 

b            ri 

F    ^ 

9'9'.'X\2'C'' 

S9''X-|26" 

\ 

/ 

\ 

\ 

PH AMBER  pLAN 

P  LATE      1  O  . 


^la±e  JSTo.  11. 


The  roof  of  this  building  is  constructed  on  what  might  be  called  purely  Mansard  principles. 
The  main  portion  of  the  house  has  three  fine  rooms  finished  up  in  the  attic,  which  are  amply 
provided  with  closets. 

The  tank,  which  acts  as  a  reservoii  for  the  waterworks,  is  also  situated  in  the  rear  end  of  the 
attic  hall,  and  receives  its  supply  of  water  from  the  gutters  over  the  deck  cornice,  and  also  through 
the  operation  of  a  force  and  lift  pump  in  tha  kitchen.  The  entire  roof,  deck  and  batter,  is  covered 
with  slate,  well  nailed  on  with  tinned  nails,  under  which  is  laid  good  roofing  felt  well  lapped.  The 
entire  outside  walls,  and  roofs  of  the  frame,  were  covered  with  common  matched  and  faced  pine, 
thoroughly  nailed  on.  The  weatherboardiug  is  first  quality  of  narrow,  beveled  white  pine,  nailed 
on  with  Boonton  sixes,  over  resonated  felt  sheathing  paper.  The  piazza  is  covered  with  tin,  and 
ceiled  underneath,  with  3x^  inch  pine  ceiling  boards.  The  floors  are  laid  with  1x4  to  6  inch 
white  pine  flooring,  thoroughly  blind  nailed  down,  best  on  the  first  floor.  The  stairs  are  finished 
with  an  8-inch  enriched  newal,  4-inch  toad-back  rail,  and  2^  inch  fluted  and  turned  balusters,  all 
black  walnut,  well  finished  with  shellac,  in  still  polish.  The  Avash-basins  in  the  two  main  cham- 
bers are  set  up  in  arched  recesses,  with  molded  corners,  and  a  complete  nest  ©f  drawers;  a  cup- 
board over  them,  is  fitted  up  in  the  closet  at  one  side  of  the  basins.  The  bath-room  is  thoroughly 
fitted  up,  and  plumbed,  with  bath-tub,  wash-bowl,  and  water-closet,  and  is  Avainscoted  with  walnut 
and  ash,  40  inches  high.  The  kitchen  is  provided  with  an  elevated  range,  wash-trays,  pump  and 
sink,  all  thoroughly  plumbed;  and  the  walls  wainscoted  like  the  bath-room.  There  is  a  cellar 
under  the  whole  house,  grouted  and  cemented,  and  the  ceiling  plastered,  with  walls  and  ceiling 
neatly  whitewashed.  The  plastering  is  all  three-coat  work,  finished  hard  and  white.  The  trimming 
in  the  three  principal  rooms  is  7  inch,  richly  molded;  in  the  chambers  on  the  second  floor,  it  is 
6  inch,  and  in  the  attic  5  inch,  plainer.  The  exterior  is  painted  a  bright  straw  color,  with  a  slight 
tinge  of  bronze,  and  trimmings  to  suit.  The  arrangement  is  to  heat  the  entire  house  either  with 
stoves  or  a  furnace.    A  furnace  is  used. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $5,000. 


HIIS  IH 


( ^■' 


j^ERSPECTIYE. 


pKouND   Plan. 


pHAMBER   Plan. 

LATE      11. 


f 


^IcLte  JVo.    12. 


The  cottage  villa,  illustrated  in  this  plate,  is  considerably  more  enriched,  in  its  exterior  detail, 
than  any  of  the  buildings  represented  in  the  preceding  pages.  As  we  have  so  far  had  but  little  to 
say  about  architectural  styles,  we  w^ill  only  say,  in  reference  to  the  style  of  this  building,  it  is  de- 
signed in  what  might  be  said  to  be  a  sort  of  an  Americanized  Gothic  style.  Let  (hat  be  as  it  may, 
however,  it  has  proved  to  be  a  very  picturesque  and  attractive  house.  The  roof  is  covered  with 
green  slates,  figured  with  blue  black,  which  harmonizes  to  a  remarkable  degree  with  the  suriound- 
ing  foliage,  and  presents  a  very  engaging  appeai'ance.  Its  ridges  are  set  with  an  iron  cresting,  of 
the  "  Yates  "  pattern,  painted  a  deep  sky-blue,  with  all  the  tips  gilded.  The  frilled  drapery  passes 
entirely  around  the  gables  and  eaves,  effectually  breaking  up  that  harshness  so  common  to  struight 
cornice  lines.  The  peaks  of  the  gal)les,  and  gablets,  are  filled  with  a  neat  tracery,  cut  out  of  two- 
inch  p  ne,  and  carefully  secured  to  a  back-board,  which  w^as  first  painted  three  eoats  of  blue-black. 
The  eaves  project  3  feet  6  inches,  which  is  very  heavy,  and,  in  consequence,  are  cut  out  on  scrolled 
lines,  over  the  side  windows,  to  let  in  sunlight,  and  remove  all  unpleasant  stiffness  of  appearance. 
The  two-story  bay-windows  are  an  exceedingly  pleasant,  pretty,  interior  feature,  besides  adding 
very  much  to  the  exterior  richness  of  effect.  They  were  not  introduced  wholly  for  looks,  but 
partly,  also,  for  the  purpose  of  inviting  in  air  and  sunlight,  and  thereby  be  made  to  contribute  to 
the  health  and  happiness  of  those  who  are  caged  within. 

The  internal  arrangement  is  one  of  decided  ease,  and  considerable  elegance;  is  well  adnpted  to 
Summer  purposes,  and  is  a  good  selection  for  the  climate  on  our  fortieth  parallel  of  latitude.  The 
bathroom,  kitchen  wash-lrays,  range  and  sink,  are  completelv  and  thoroughly  plumbed,  and  the 
general  interior  finish  is  made  to  correspond  with  that  of  the  exterior. 

Cost  at   New   York,  $4,800. 


Perspective. 


pROUND    Plan. 


Chamber  Plan. 


fhA 


TE     12 


^IcLte  JVo.    13. 


The  difference  between  tlie  plans  of  this  house  and  those  shown  in  No.  9  consists  mainly  in 
tlie  arrangement  of  the  small  extension.  In  this  case  we  ran  the  partition  through  tlie  passage  and 
used  a  part  of  the  space  for  a  flour  and  crockery  closet;  placed  the  pump  and  sink  in  the  pantry, 
and  left  the  kitchen  free  of  all  permanent  incumbrances.  The  attic  in  this  building  is  also  finished 
up  with  three  pleasant  rooms,  about  7  feet  in  the  clear,  and  a  large  open  hall  over  the  dining-room 
corner,  which  necessitates  a  second  flight  of  stairs.  In  plale  No.  9  the  attic  is  of  little  use,  except 
for  ventilation  and  light  storage,  and  is  reached  by  a  step  ladder  through  a  large  scuttle,  over  one 
of  the  largest  closets.  The  position  of  the  plan  in  this  case  is  reversed  from  the  other,  in  order  to 
suit  the  exposure.  With  reference  to  the  exterior  of  the  two  buildings,  there  is  a  very  radical  and 
marked  difference.  Here  we  have  a  fully  expressei  Swedo-Italic  exterior,  with  broad  roof  projec- 
tions, heavily  trussed,  and  deep  bracketed  window  hoods.  While  in  the  other  case,  the  style  may  be 
said  to  be  semi-Gothic,  with  a  little  of  the  French  expression  about  the  roofs  of  the  porches  and 
bays. 

This  building  was  designed  to  be  executed  in  brick,  but  we  have  shown  it  as  in  wood,  or 
cement,  with  molded  corner  bands. 

If  brick  is  used,  as  smooth  a  surface  as  possible  should  be  preserved,  and  after  the  mortar  is 
thoroughly  dry,  three  good  coats  of  paint  should  be  applied,  in  some  bright,  lively  tints.  The 
quality  of  trimming  on  the  interior,  with  the  finish  and  furniture,  are  about  the  same  as  those 
used  in  No.  9.  The  roof,  being  a  very  low  pitch,  is  covered  with  tin,  thoroughly  nailed  down  and 
soldered. 

Cost  at  New  York,  Wood,  $4,000. 
Brick,  $4,600. 


ERSPECTIYE. 


Ground  Plan. 


:\L 


I 


UP        4.  MAUL 


Chamber  Plan. 


jP  L  ATE     13, 


^Icute  JVo.    14. 


There  cannot  be  said  to  be  a  very  marked  difference  in  the  accommodation  between  this  ground 
plan  and  that  of  the  one  shown  in  plate  No.  13.  The  kitchen  is  slipped  around  in  the  rear,  while 
the  parlur,  dining-room,  staircase  hall,  and  rear  hall,  occupy  nearly  the  same  position  to  each  other 
as  they  do  in  No.  13.  The  chamber  plan  is,  however,  quite  different  from  that  of  No.  13.  While 
plates  Nos.  9  and  13  are  good  illustrations  of  the  ease  with  which  the  same  plan  can  be  covered 
with  buildings  of  completely  different  exterior  appearance,  the  ground  plan  of  this  plate  serves  to 
show  how  the  same  general  internal  appointments  may,  with  a  moderate  shove,  be  placed  so  as  to 
give  a  ver)'  different  outline  effect. 

The  building  represented  in  this  plate  w^as  designed  for  Summer  use  at  one  of  our  seaside 
watering  resorts.  For  Winter  occupation  it  should  have  another  chimney,  or  be  provided  with  a 
small  heater  in  the  cellar,  which  would  make  it  as  suitable  for  Winter  use  as  it  is  for  Summer.  It 
is,  however,  just  as  it  is  shown  in  this  plate,  admirably  adapted  for  street  use  in  most  of  the  pictur- 
esque little  cities  and  towns  of  California.  Its  exterior  form  and  ornamentation  is  of  the  Swiss 
style,  although  the  stories  are  higher  than  are  generally  used  in  Swiss  buildings.  The  almost  ex- 
cessive frill  work  gives  it  a  very  pretty,  although  a  rather  tawdry  appearance.  The  purple  slate 
roof  and  gold  tipped  ridge  crestings  add  very  much  toward  its  enrichment. 

There  is  a  cellar  under  the  main  portion  of  this  house,  which,  by  the  way,  should  never  be 
omitted  from  under  any  house  where  human  beings  are  expected  to  live,  and  it  should  be  made  ab- 
solutely dry,  be  kept  clean  and  well  ventilated. 

The  balustrade  over  the  piazza  is  iron,  and  the  foundation  walls  above  ground  are  squared 

stone. 

The  entire  exterior,  wood  and  iron  work,  is  painted  three  good  coats,  with  a  bright,  lively  body 
color,  and  trimmed  in  two  neat,  appropriate  shades.  The  interior  is  finished  neatly,  and  painted 
in  light  party  colors. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $3,000. 


Perspective. 


(fTlTg 


■^ 


1-     H 


^ 


UBRAHY 
HALL 

lo'xia'e' 


PARLOR 
IS'>;iS- 


I 


Ground  J^lan. 


Chamber  j^'lan 


-Plate  14 


^IcLte  JVo.    15. 


We  have  in  this  plate  another  modification  of  the  two  story  French  roof;  in  this  instance  the 
outside  walls  are  carried  up  perpendicular  to  a  point  just  above  the  ceiling  of  the  second  floor. 
Where  the  batter  is  commenced,  and  carried  up  four  feet  to  the  deck  plate,  the  batter  line  is  carried 
down  on  the  outside  of  the  building  three  feet  below  the  second  ceiling,  forming  an  overhang,  below 
which  the  main  cornice  is  constructed.  There  is  an  attic  obtained  by  this  method,  which,  by 
giving  the  roof  a  good  drying  pitch,  is  about  seven  feet  in  the  clear  at  the  highest  point.  This 
attic  is  mainly  serviceable  for  the  occupation  of  a  reservoir-tank,  for  general  storage,  and  for  the 
convenience  of  reaching  the  third  room  in  the  turret.  The  main  cornice  is  cut  square  through  at 
the  windows,  four  inches  back  of  the  hanging  styles,  and  is  butted  against  heavj',  enriched  brackets, 
which  also  form  the  supports  for  the  deep,  ornamented  hoods  over  the  w'indows.  The  slight  front 
projection  is  considerably  benefited  by  the  introduction  of  a  gablet,  which  is  carried  up  high 
enough  to  receive  one  of  the  spherical  windows,  which  open  into- the  attic. 

The  plans  of  this  building  present  a  well  centralized  arrangement,  and  contain  elements  of 
comfort  and  convenience,  that  are  rarely  excelled  with  the  same  amount  of  outlay.  We  have  con- 
structed a  number  of  these  buildings,  all  of  which  were  more  or  less  changed  from  the  rest,  in  order 
to  suit  the  position  in  which  they  are  placed,  and  the  peculiar  requirements  of  the  owners.  The 
one  here  represented  fronts  south-east,  and  was  finally  changed  to  some  extent  in  its  interior  ar- 
rangements before  it  was  fully  completed.  Tha  bath-room  was  placed  back  of  the  main  stairs, 
where  two  large  closets  are  shown  in  this  chamber  plan,  instead  of  over  the  front  hall,  and  the 
dining  and  living-rooms  as  here  marked  were  caused  to  change  places,  the  store-room  and  kitchen 
entrances  being  arranged  to  suit. 

The  little  green-house,  which  has  a  lean-to  curvilinear  roof,  is  an  exceedingly  pleasant  feature, 
and  is  accessible  from  the  (now)  living-room. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $6,300. 


■■^H>. 


T  E      1 


^IcLte   J^o.   16. 


We  have  in  this  illustration  a  building  of  a  simple,  rectangular  form,  with  a  large  pantry 
thrown  out  in  the  rear,  which  is  covered  by  a  portion  of  the  continuous  piazza  roof,  and  an  office 
near  the  front  entrance,  which  is  also  roofed  on  a  line  with  the  piazza  and  porte  cochere,  and  is  acces- 
sible from  the  front  hall.  The  relative  positions  of  the  parlor,  dining-room  and  kitchen  are  quite 
similar  to  those  of  Nos.  9  and  13,  although  their  proportions  and  surroundings  are  verj^  d.ffcrent. 
The  commodious  butler's  pantry,  through  which  it  is  designed  the  servants  should  pass  when  going 
from  the  kitchen  to  the  dining-room,  and  return,  is  a  feature  of  decided  merit.  It  is  very  com- 
pletely fitted  up  with  shelving,  barrel  closet,  and  pastry  table;  and  also  contains  a  dumb  waiter 
whicli  communicates  with  the  cellar,  and  is  the  road  by  which  all  articles  of  fuel  or  food  find  their 
way  from  that  part  of  the  house  to  the  floor  above  it.  The  chamber  floor  contains  four  elegant 
rooms,  admirably  arranged,  and  the  attic  has  also  three  pleasant  room-  fitted  up  in  it.  The  bath- 
room is  supplied  wath  a  bath-tub  and  wash  bowl,  which  are  thoroughly  plumbed  with  hot  and  cold 
water. 

The  kitchen  is  equipped  with  a  range,  sinks,  and  pump,  which  are  also  completely  plumbed, 
and  all  are  connected  with  the  reservoir-tank  in  the  attic. 

The  exterior  effect  and  finish  partakes,  moderately,  of  the  Swiss  villa  style.  The  broad  piazza 
around  three  sides  of  the  building,  and  continuing  on  the  same  line  covering  the  carriage-poich,  is  an 
inviting  and  pleasant  feature  of  this  house.  The  covered  balcony,  accessible  from  the  large  front 
chamber,  is  also  a  very  enjoyable  retreat  of  a  warm  evening,  as  it  overlooks  a  broad,  beautiful 
valley,  and  also  commands  a  view  of  the  depot  and  a  considerable  length  of  the  railroad.  All  the 
roofs  are  covered  with  purple  slates,  and  figured  with  black  and  red;  except  a  narrow  deck  on  the 
north-east  side  of  the  house,  which  is  tinned.  The  crestings  and  finials  are  cast  iron,  and  add  very 
much  to  the  exterior  finish. 

Cost  at  New   York,   $4,300. 


Perspective. 


pROUND    J^LAN. 


J^HAMBER  Plan. 

P  LATE     1  6 


^IcLte  jVo.   17. 


It  is  seldom  we  meet  with  what  we  are  pleased  to  call  a  regular  French-roof  house,  where  there 
has  not  been  a  decided  effort  at  exterior  display,  that  presents  a  more  pleasing  appearance  than  the 
one  represented  in  this  plate.  There  is,  perhaps,  more  than  an  average  number  of  angles  in  the 
outline  of  this  building,  but  they  fall  in  place  with  a  remarkable  degree  of  ease,  and  seem  to  have 
lost  all  that  overstrained  effect  which  is  so  common  in  this  class  of  buildings.  There  is,  also,  a 
breadth  of  appropriateness  in  the  composition  which  seems  to  disarm  one  of  that  growing  distaste 
for  this  class  of  design. 

The  piazzas  incline  to  plainness,  the  main  cornice  is  moderately  ornamented,  and  the  deck  is 
set  with  small  brackets,  and  carries  over  it  an  iron  cresting  and  finials,  which  greatly  embellishes 
it,  and  breaks  up  all  harshness  of  the  sky  lines.  The  dormers  are  of  an  appropriate  pattern  for  such 
a  roof,  and  carry  a  modest  amount  of  ornamentation. 

The  bay-window  in  front  has  a  broad,  inviting  appearance,  which  adds  very  much  to  the  front 
effect;  and  the  building  would  not  be  improved,  we  think,  by  lifting  the  bay  another  story  higher. 

The  interior  arrangement  of  this  house,  especially  the  ground  plan,  when  suitably  carpeted  and 
furnished,  presents  that  inviting  cosyness  of  effect,  seldom  met  with  in  buildings  of  moderate  cost, 
and  which  is  most  welcome  and  refreshing  to  one  of  artistic  tastes. 

The  parlor,  living-room,  dining-room  and  hall  are  so  placed  with  reference  to  each  other,  that 
when  the  doors  of  all  are  set  back,  the  \dews  and  communication  from  the  different  ones  to  the 
others,  become  features  of  attractiveness  which  take  a  position  of  decided  importance  in  the  art  of 
home  building. 

The  kitchen  was  not  thought  by  the  lady,  for  whom  this  plan  was  designed,  to  be  worthy  of  so 
much  consideration  and  labor  as  is  generally  bestowed  upon  it;  besides,  she  is  of  the  opinion  that 
the  care,  labor,  and  expense  of  keeping  an  elaborately  plumbed  and  equipped  kitchen  clean  and  in 
order  far  exceeds  the  labor  of  pouring  water  from  a  tea-kettle  when  wanted,  and  pumping  up  the 
needed  supply  of  cold  water,  which  is  about  all  the  extra  labor  in  the  line  of  regular  housework, 
the  lack  of  all  the  ordinary  kitchen  plumbing  exposes  the  housekeeper  to. 

There  is,  therefore,  in  this  kitchen  a  large-sized  galvanized-iron  sink,  set  up  on  iron  legs,  with  a 
two-foot  drip  board,  without  any  inclosure,  and  a  good  pump  at  one  end  of  the  sink.  Instead  of  a 
range,  there  is  an  ordinary  first-class  cook-stove  in  use.  The  bath-tub  is  also  provided  ^ith  a  pump 
which  draws  its  water  from  the  cistern,  through  the  same  pipe  as  the  one  at  the  sink. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $3,500. 


f 


ERSPECTIVE. 


pROUND    Plan 


\^    ROOF      / 

ROOF 

8'6'X10'6- 

7l\\\    ^ 

BATH 

sxio'ri 

V.LL 

!■= 

^^la^te  J<ro.    18. 


There  are  more  points  of  similarity  between  the  building  exhibited  in  this  plate  and  tliat  shown 
in  No.  6,  than  there  is  between  this  and  any  other  in  the  collection  chosen  for  this  work;  and  yet, 
at  the  same  time,  the  careful  observer  will  soon  discover  that,  after  all,  they  are-only  similar.  This 
is  not  only  true  with  reference  to  the  exterior  appearance,  but  it  is  also  as  true  of  the  internal  plan- 
ning and  equipments.  This  building,  in  company  with  Nos.  1,  2,  5,  6,  9  and  12,  would  make  a  very 
•suitable  combination  of  designs  for  a  street  group.  If  one  such  as  No.  31  should  be  added,  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  neighborhood  would  be  much  improved.  In  arranging  the  interior  of  this  house, 
five  rooms  were  provided  on  the  chamber  floor,  and  the  bath-room  fixtures  were  omitted  by  the 
owners,  with  the  intention  of  using  an  ordinary  portable  bath-tub.  The  kitchen  is  fitted  up  with 
wash-trays,  sink  and  pum;-),  and  contains  two  good  closets.  The  parlor  and  dining-room  commu- 
nicate by  means  of  slidiug-doors,  which  we  consider  one  of  the  most  desirable  arrangements,  for 
these  rooms,  that  we  are  in  the  habit  of  making. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $3,500. 


f^ERSPECTIYE. 


pROUND    Plan. 


L  re-\i 


I 


L^ 


^ 


Chamber  Plan. 


Plik 


TE      I 


Electa  JVo.    19. 


There  are  certain,  not  very  important,  peculiarities  in  connecffor  with  roof  construction,  which 
have  the  misfortune  of  being  very  repulsive  to  some  tastes.  The  trunkatcd  characteristics  of  the 
building  we  have  selected  for  this  plate  are  among  the  unfortunate  features  referred  to.  For  our 
part,  we  have  never  been  able  to  dissuade  ourselves  of  the  idea  that  in  certain  exposures  this 
method  of  treating  a  Gothic  roof  is  very  appropriate,  graceful,  and  handsome. 

We  will  take,  for  instance,  a  hillside  in  a  windy  exposure,  where  there  are  pointed  evergreens, 
or  between  a  building  with  pointed  gables,  and  one  with  a  French  roof,  or,  perhaps,  at  the  en- 
trance gate  of  a  large  place,  backed  up  and  flanked  by  towering  Norway  spruces,  is  the  most  appro- 
priate place  of  all  for  the  use  of  this  subduing  method  of  treating  roofs  that  are  constructed  on  a 
severe  angle. 

In  the  example  before  us,  the  side  walls  of  the  chambers  are  broken  at  a  point  about  six  feet 
above  the  floor,  and  battered,  on  an  angle  of  65  degrees,  from  that  point  to  the  ceiling.  There  is  an 
attic  over  the  chambers  about  five  feet  high,  Avhich  is  thoroughly  ventilated,  and  affords  an  oppor- 
tunity for  cooling  the  chamber  floor,  as  well  for  storing  heirlooms,  in  the  shape  of  old  band-boxes, 
worthless  trunks,  broken  furniture,  cast-off  clothing,  the  wrecks  of  umbrellas,  ahd  flftj-  other 
varieties  of  worse  than  worthless  traps,  which  should  never  be  allowed  to  accumulate  in  the  closets, 
attics,  cellars,  or  yards  of  any  well  regulated  house.  The  slate  on  the  roof  of  this  house  is  laid  in 
bands,  as  shown,  of  purple  and  green  slates. 

The  plans  are  so  arranged  as  to  make  it  quite  convenient  to  reach  the  rooms  one  from  the  other, 
while  at  the  same  time  they  are  all  completely  cut  off  from  each  other  by  two  doors. 

The  equipments  on  the  ground  floor  are  not  far  from  that  of  Nos.  9  and  13,  and  the  general 
finish  is  also  of  the  same  class. 

Cost  at  New  York,   $3,600. 


f 


ERSPECTIVE. 


pROUND  Plan. 


Chamber  Plan. 


Plate  19. 


^IcLte  JSTo.   ^O 


The  broad  Italian  tower  projecting  from  tbe  central  point,  and  rising  above  the  ridge  line, 
with  other  distinguishing  features  of  design,  as  well  as  the  dimensions  of  this  building,  place  it 
among  quite  a  diilerent  class  from  any  we  have  shown  in  the  preceding  plates. 

The  plans  of  this  building,  and  those  of  No.  31,  were  arranged  by  a  wealthy  gentleman  who  is 
also  engaged  in  active  business,  for  erection  in  an  old  town  in  one  of  the  "down  east "  States.  We 
had  but  little  to  do  with  the  internal  arrangements  of  either,  except  to  put  them  into  practical 
shape,  and  suggest  a  few  modifications  and  improvements. 

With  reference  to  the  exterior  design  of  both,  we  were  allowed  to  use  our  own  ideas,  with  the 
restrictions,  viz. :  that  the  building  should  be  plain,  substantial,  and  of  moderate  cost. 

One  of  our  objects  in  giving  the  plans  in  these  plates  is  to  show  what  a  gentleman  who  had 
spent,  perhaps,  twenty  years  in  the  vigorous  pursuit  of  a  mercantile  business,  without  having  once, 
during  that  long,  busy  career,  stopped  for  half  an  hour  to  consider  the  plan  of  a  house  previous  to 
his  Summer  evening  study  in  connection  with  these  plans,  while  spending  a  few  weeks  under  the 
shadows  of  the  old  elms  and  maples  of  his  native  town. 

Among  the  objects  aimed  to  be  accomplished  in  these  plans  was  to  produce  buildings  which 
would  afford  a  considerable  amount  of  accommodation  for  Summer  use,  while  they  should  afford 
desirable  quarters  on  tbe  ground  floors  for  two  persons  during  the  Winter  months.  The  degree  of 
success  attained,  with  reference  to  the  object  in  view,  we  will  leave  for  the  consideration  of  the 
reader. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $3,SOO. 


■Perspective. 


HAMBER     l-'LAN. 


P    LA 


T  E        2   0 


/ 


This  plate  shows  the  second  one  of  the  two  houses  mentioned  in  connection  with  plate  No.  20. 
This,  Ave  consider,  the  better  plan  of  the  two  for  general  purposes.  The  parlor  and  sitting-room  are 
so  arranged,  with  sliding-doors  between  them,  as  to  allow  an  increase  of  parlor  room  on  such  occa- 
sions as  may  require  it,  while,  at  the  same  time,  the  ground  floor  chamber  is  in  a  convenient  posi- 
tion, and  the  dining-room  is  accessible  from  four  different  positions,  all  of  which  form  important 
connections.  The  kitchen  approach  to  the  dining-room,  through  the  butler's  pantry,  which  con- 
tains the  sink  and  pump,  is  a  labor-saving  device,  which,  with  the  position  of  the  china  closets 
deserves  attention.  The  lobby,  which  communicates  with  the  kitchen,  dining-room  and  sitting- 
room,  is  a  convenience  which  takes  most  of  the  every  day  wear  from  the  front  hall,  and  provides, 
as  the  owner  remarked,  "  a  place  where  a  man  may  shake  his  coat  and  thump  his  beaver,  on  coming- 
in  out  of  a  storm,  without  being  tormented  with  the  fear  of  mussing  the  hall  or  the  rooms,"  which 
is  a  sensible  consideration  in  connection  with  a  home  in  Maine  or  Vermont. 

The  servants'  stairs  connect  direct  with  the  kitchen  and  servants'  room,  without  the  necessity 
of  going  into  any  of  the  halls  or  other  rooms.    The  stairs  to  the  attic  go  up  over  the  servants'  stairs. 

The  chamber  floor  is  divided  into  the  same  number  of  rooms  as  the  floor  below,  which  afford 
the  opportimity  of  allowing  the  partitions  to  rest  over  those  of  the  parlor  floor,  and  thereby  permitting 
of  the  constructions  being  made  in  the  most  substantial  manner.  This  is  also  largely  the  case  in 
plate  No.  20.     The  attic  is  arranged  with  one  or  two  neat  rooms,  and  a  large  drying  room. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $S,000. 


f 


ERSPECTIVE. 


KITCHEN       J=^ 


il 


7)-;' 


LOBSr 


SITTING  ROOM  •'         CHAMBi 


"1  I 


pROUND    Plan. 


Chamber  Plan. 


^LA 


TE     2  1 


^IcLte.  JSTo.   S2. 


We  here  present  one  of  the  many  sensible  designs  we  have  had  the  good  fortune  to  be  called 
upon  to  make  during  our  protracted  experiencs  in  house  building.  As  the  roof  is  in  the  same  style 
as  that  of  No.  17  we  will  forego  any  remarks  in  reference  to  it,  except  to  say  that  the  general  ex- 
terior appearance  of  this  building  presents  the  same  pleasant  effect  as  noted  of  No.  17.  The  crest- 
ings,  finials,  and  lightning-rods  are  put  up  on  the  ''Yates  "  plan,  and  are  a  most  thorough  protec- 
tion against  lightning,  as  well  being  of  the  neatest  order  of  this  class  of  ornaments.  The  back 
stoop  in  the  construction  was  made  a  piazza  8x10  feet,  which  adds  materially  to  the  appearance  of 
the  rear,  besides  being  a  very  comfortable  adjunct. 

The  interior  planning  presents  a  high  degree  of  concentration,  while  there  is  ease  of  arrange- 
ment and  breadth  of  accommodation  which  would  be  difficult  to  surpass  within  the  same  extent  of 
outline. 

The  front  entrance  presents  neat,  rich  design  in  its  buttressed  steps  and  balustraded  piazza, 
which  is  not  detracted  from,  but  rather  improved  upon,  on  passing  to  the  main  hall,  which  is  capa- 
cious in  its  dimensions,  fitted  with  a  broad,  easy  stairs,  running  direct  to  the  floor  above,  without 
the  disadvantage  of  a  single  curve. 

The  hall  on  the  second  floor  is  of  still  greater  length,  and  contains  a  stairs  to  the  attic  which 
also  run  straight  up  without  curves. 

The  attic  is  finished  with  chambers,  front  and  rear,  corresponding  with  the  rooms  on  the  cham- 
ber-floor under  them;  a  tank-room  over  the  store-room,  and  a  large  central  room  which  is  used  for 
drying  purposes. 

There  is  a  cellar  under  the  whole  house  which  is  thoroughly  grouted,  ceiling  plastered,  and  all 
walls  and  ceilings  wliitewashed.  There  is  also  a  closely  ceiled  coal  room  under  the  library  and  a 
portion  of  the  hall,  and  a  snug  refrigerator-room  under  the  large  storeroom. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $6,500. 


Perspective. 


pROUND     J^LAN. 


HALL 


IBMHROOM  / 


'4. 


vr 


3 


Chamber  J^lan 

JPlATE      2  2 


^late  JVb.  £3, 


This  building  was  erected  for  a  gentlemen  who,  years  ago,  distinguished  himself  as  a  car 
builder,  and  is  finished  and  trimmed  throughout  with  that  degree  of  neat  completeness  charac- 
teristic of  a  person  of  good  taste,  who  had  for  many  years  of  his  life  been  accustomed  to  directing 
mechanical  operations,  and  having  his  work  done  in  the  most  thorough  manner.  The  exterior  ap- 
pearance of  this  building  carries  with  it  that  richness  of  effect,  always  the  result  of  good  design  and 
finish.  The  hanging  styles  of  all  the  outside  openings  are  heavily  molded,  and  have  segment  corners. 
The  piazzas  present  an  unusual  richness  of  effect,  and  possesses  the  novelty  of  standing  on  3-inch 
round  iron  shafts,  which  set  on  low  heavy  pedestals,  and  have  broad  enriched  brackets  at  their  tops. 

The  interior  plan  is  another  one  of  those  charming  aiTangements  very  similar,  though  we  think 
superior,  to  that  of  No.  17. 

In  this  building  there  is  a  fully-equipped  and  plumbed  kitchen.  The  chamber  floor  is  also  fitted 
up  and  plumbed  in  the  best  manner.  The  attic  is  finished  up  complete,  and  divided  into  three 
chambers  and  a  large  store  room. 

The  entire  house  is  trimmed  richly  and  thoroughly,  the  first  and  second  floors  being  corniced 
in  the  main  rooms  and  halls.  The  cellar  is  completely  finished;  the  room  under  the  kitchen  being 
fitted  up  with  wash-trays,  and  fully  plumbed  for  a  laundry.  The  rest  of  the  cellar  is  afl'uiged  for 
the  use  of  the  furnace  and  for  fuel  purposes. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $7,000. 


Perspective. 


pROUND  Plan. 


Chamber  J^lan. 

jP  L  A  T  E  23 


Alette  JSTo.   ^4r. 


The  illustration  in  this  plate  represents  what  we  commonly  call  an  Italian  villa.  Its  three  two- 
storj'  bay-windows,  running  up  to  the  roof,  and  being  covered  and  corniced  like  it,  places  this 
building  very  positively  among  a  large  class  of  houses  that  have  been  growing  in  favor  throughout 
the  principal  cities  of  California  for  the  last  few  years.  The  effect  of  which,  in  the  streets  of  San 
Francisco  especially,  has  been,  Ave  think,  to  produce  a  rather  unpleasant  monotony  in  many 
instances;  although  the  interior  pleasantness  of  such  houses  is  considerably  enhanced,  and  in  many 
cases  the  exterior  effect  is  benefited.  We  have  seen  buildings  of  this  character  in  positions,  rather 
isolated,  where  we  thought  them  really  beautiful;  we  remember,  specially,  a  building  of  this  type 
in  the  town  of  San  Mateo,  Cal.,  which  presented  an  unusually  pleasing  appearance. 

Although  the  building  before  us  was  not  originally  intended  for  erection  among  the  foot  hills 
of  the  Sierras  or  of  Mount  Diablo,  yet  we  have  in  our  illustration  shown  it  in  a  position  eminently 
characteristic  of  either  of  those  localities.  Its  broad,  sunny  exposure,  backed  and  flanked  by  char- 
acteristic planting,  the  neighboring  villa  standing  in  full  view  upon  one  of  the  rolling  hills  and  the 
distant  mountains,  all  combine  to  give  that  expressive  air  to  the  illustration  which  is  at  once 
recognizable  as  being  peculiarly  Calif  ornian. 

The  interior  planning  of  this  house  is  quite  different  from  any  we  have  yet  presented,  although 
there  is  a  certain  principle  embraced  in  all,  which  is  also  found  prominent  in  this. 

The  parlor  connects  with  the  dining-room  through  a  small  room,  which  is  found  to  be  very 
handy  and  cosy  in  many  ways.  The  library  is  only  accessible  from  the  main  hall,  which  makes  it 
a  retired  position,  while  the  corner  bookcases  running  to  the  cornices,  give  the  room,  with  the  large 
half  octagon  bay-window,  and  the  side  window  looking  into  tlie  little  greenhouse,  a  most  pleasant, 
inviting  air. 

The  dining-room  communicates  with  the  kitchen  through  the  rear  hall,  the  kitchen  being 
provided  with  double  doors  which  are  hung  on  spring  hinges,  open  in  opposite  directions  and  shut 
in  rebate.  Both  the  kitchen  and  dining-room  are  provided  with  ample  closets  and  other  conve- 
niences. Rear  of  the  kitchen  is  a  double  commode,  one  side  of  which  is  reached  over  the  kitchen 
piazza,  while  the  other  is  accessible  through  the  kitchen  lobby.  The  chamber  floor  plan  possesses 
the  most  ample  provision  of  closet  room,  which  every  housekeeper  so  much  admires,  is  roomy  and 
well  aiTanged. 

Cost  at  Ne^Ar  York,   $6,000. 


Fp\ont  ^leyation. 


I3'XI5'  I  I3XI5'  I 


'-'r. 


I- 


pROUND  Plan. 


Chamber  Plan. 

Plate   24, 


^IcLte  JVo.  ^5. 


We  have  placed  tlie  three  buildings  represented  in  this  plate  together,  for  the  following  reasons, 
viz. :  To  enable  the  reader  to  conveniently  determine  which  of  the  three  presents,  to  his  mind,  the 
most  satisfactory  exterior  appearance  on  the  street  front;  to  enable  him  readily  to  compare  and  note 
the  difference,  as  well  as  the  points  of  similarity  between  them.  To  give  a  simple  example  of  the 
facility  with  which  the  exterior  effects  may  be  altered  without  materially  affecting  the  cost  of  the 
structure,  or  altering  its  outline. 

These  buildings  occupy  a  lot  25x100  feet  each,  and  allow  a  passage  to  the  rear  of  from  3  to  5 
ftet  along  one  side,  the  other  side  of  each  standing  on  the  lot  line. 

They  are,  at  the  present  time,  of  the  most  popular  class  of  buildings  being  erected,  and  afford 
more  home  comforts,  with  less  ground,  than  any  practical  examples  of  blocks  of  independent 
houses  we  know  of  that  can  be  erected  for  the  same  outlay  and  present  so  pleasing  a  front. 

In  this  example.  No.  B  is  a  brick  building,  which  accounts  for  the  difference  in  cost  between  It 
and  No.  A,  as  there  is  but  little  difference  between  them,  more  than  three  feet  greater  length  of  the 
extension  and  two  feet  more  width  of  the  front  projection  in  No.  B,  which  would  not  make  over 
$60  difference. 

These  houses  contain  eight  very  comfortable  rooms  each,  with  good  closets  in  all  rooms  except 
the  parlors.  The  method  of  putting  in  the  front  hall  and  stairs  is  a  good  plan  where  it  is  desirable 
to  isolate  that  room  from  the  living  rooms,  although  the  main  object  in  the  buildings  before  us  is  to 
allow  a  full  view  to  the  front  from  the  library;  while,  at  the  same  time,  we  get  a  more  protected 
position  for  the  piazza  than  that  across  the  front  of  the  parlor  would  be. 

The  front  end  of  the  piazza  affords  an  opportunity  for  placing  a  very  pretty  little  device  in  its 
center,  upon  which  to  place  the  number  of  the  house. 

No.  C  is  a  six-room  house  on  the  same  general  plan,  as  far  as  it  goes,  and  presents  as  much 
front  effect  as  either  of  the  others.  They  are  all  about  the  same  class  of  execution,  material  and 
finish,  as  is  described  for  plate  1, 

A  costs  at  New  York,  $2,200. 
B  "  "  2,500. 

C  "  «  1,600. 


k 


^LEVATION    A. 


pRouND  Plan, 


pH AMBER  Plan. 


Elevation   R 


pROUND    PlAI 


pnAMBER  Plan. 


pROUND    Plan. 


I 


icxis'     ^M    ivx\6' 


^fr,  ^T 


pHAMBER  Plan, 

Plate    2^ 


^IcLte,  JsTo.   ^6. 

This  illustratinn  represents  a  building  -which  we  remodeled  from  one  that  covered  only  the 
main  central  rectangle,  and  possessed  only  the  rear  hall,  which  we  considerably  enlarged.  The 
kitchen  was  first  added,  and  the  main,  old  portion,  brought  into  the  position  as  shown  in  our  plans, 
which  made  it  in  many  respects  a  very  pleasant  and  convenient  house.  The  front  projection  allows 
another  fine  hall  and  parlor,  with  three  additional  rooms  on  the  chamber  floor. 

The  views  are  very  fine  from  the  position  in  which  this  building  stands,  and  the  tower  was 
thrown  up  to  help  to  look  at  them.  The  broad  piazza  running  around  so  much  of  the  building 
makes  the  place  yerj'  pleasant,  especially  in  the  Summer  months. 

The  kitchen  and  bath-room  are  completely  plumbed.  The  roofs  are  covered  with  slates,  the 
eaves  projecting  about  3  feet  6  inches. 

This  building,  of  course,  is  noi  shown  as  a  model  after  which  we  would  advise  to  erect  a  new 
house  but  to  show  how  a  very  indfeyient  structure  may  be  utilized  profitably  and  comfortably. 


j^ERSPECTIYE. 


pROUND    ^LAN. 


^lo±e  JSTo. 


'DO^ 


We  present  in  this  plate  what  is  styled  a  double  house;  it  is  of  moderate  cost,  and  contains  a 
few  features  of  decided  excellence.  The  study  is  a  cosy  room  entirely  separate  from  any  other 
rooms,  while  at  the  same  time  it  commands  a  view  of  the  front,  and  is  convenient  and  appropriate 
for  use  as  a  study,  library,  ofhce,  sitting,  sewing,  or  reception  room.  The  front  hall  is  cut  off  from 
the  kitchen,  or  back  hall,  by  a  door  at  the  rear  end  of  the  staircase.  The  parlor  and  dining-room 
communicate  by  sliding-doors,  and  the  dining-room  with  the  kitchen  through  the  back  hall. 

The  chamber  floor  is  divided  into  the  same  number  of  rooms  as  that  of  the  first  floor,  although 
we  have  in  one  instance  made  three  chambers  in  the  longest  side  instead  of  two,  as  in  this  case. 
There  is  a  comfortable  servants'  room  in  the  attic,  and  a  large  drying  and  lumber  room. 

The  deck  roofs  are  covered  with  tin,  and  all  other  roofs  with  green  slate,  figured  with  black. 
The  crestings  and  finials  are  iron,  and  add  very  much  to  the  appearance  of  the  house. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $4,200. 


I 


f 


ERSPECTIYE. 


av  ^  J 


□INItlG.  R, 
lE'XIE' 


STUDY 

e'xio' 


PARLOR 


pROUND    Plan, 


Chamber  Plan. 

Plate   27 


^IcLte  JVo.   £S. 

There  should  be  a  fitting  appropriateness  in  the  corahination  of  objects  for  use  or  ornament  in 
reference  to  their  form  or  style,  in  order  that  good  taste  may  not  be  offended.  In  the  French  roof 
villa  we  present  in  this  plate,  each  object  harmonizes  with  those  around  it,  and  all  combine  to  im- 
prove the  pleasant  effect  of  the  others.  The  windows  are  not  askew  with  each  other,  as  in  some 
cases,  nor  is  there  a  disproportioned  roof  or  bodj'.  The  bay-windows  present  a  suitable  degree  of 
kindredship  to  the  piazzas,  while  the  openings  above  them  form  attractive  lines  of  design,  instead 
of  presenting  an  appearance  of  painful  disjointedness,  as  is  often  the  case  in  French-roof  buildings. 
The  crestings  and  other  ornamentations  agree  with  each  other,  and  all  parts,  masses,  details, 
angles,  objects  and  ornaments,  combine  to  produce  a  dwelling-place  which  the  owner  may  always, 
on  approaching  it,  be  pleasantly  drawn  with  an  accelerated  step  towards  its  appointments  of  com- 
fort and  rest. 

The  interior  presents  a  combination  of  rooms,  halls,  and  conveniences,  which  may  be  profit- 
ably studied  bj'  those  who  are  contemplating  the  erection  of  a  house  of  about  an  equal  amount  of 
accommodation. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $7,SOO, 


^lo±e  JVb.  ^9. 


The  turreted  French-roof  villa  we  have  chosen  to  be  represented  in  this  plate  is  an  illustration 
of  another  one  of  the  methods  we  have  been  able  to  use  successfully  in  connection  with  this  style 
of  roofs.  One  of  the  most  alarming  faults  of  many  buildings  is  that  although  their  fronts  present 
a  charming  effect,  and  possibly  one  or  both  sides,  their  rear,  and  sometimes  one  or  both  sides,  are 
objects  of  repulsive  deformity.  The  villa  before  us  is  not  affected  with  that  fault,  its  front  is  per- 
haps the  most  attractive  feature,  but  viewed  from  whatever  direction  it  may  be,  it  is  pleasing  and 
inviting  to  look  upon. 

The  interior  arrangement  is  also  very  attractive  and  difficult  to  surpass.  The  parlor  is  the  full 
depth  of  the  main  house  without  an  arch  or  break.  Its  double  sliding-doors  communicating  with 
the  hall,  front  and  rear,  affords  a  direct  communication  with  the  rooms  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
hall.  The  parlor  ceiling  is  elegantly  paneled,  furnished  with  two  rich  centerpieces  and  run  with  an 
appropriate  cornice. 

The  library  and  dining-room  are  also  finished  in  the  same  manner,  not  quite  so  heavy.  The 
kitchen  is  commodious  and  is  fully  plumbed  and  equipped.  The  chamber  floor  presents  a  division 
of  space  that  is  difficult  to  improve  in  any  very  essential  points,  especially  where  the  occupants  are 
none  of  them  little  cliildren.  It  is  provided  with  a  very  complete  and  fullj^  plumbed  bath-room, 
also  with  wash-bowls  between  the  main  chambers,  plumbed. 

The  extent  of  closet  room  provided  in  connection  with  the  four  principal  chambers  is  an  item 
which  will  be  noted  with  pleasure  by  most  housekeepers.  The  attic,  if  finished  up  complete,  with 
four  fine  rooms  in  the  main  house  and  one  in  the  extension,  which  is  used  for  the  reservoir-tank. 
The  cellar  ceiling  is  well  plastered,  and  the  floor  grouted  and  cemented. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $9,000. 


f  ERSPECTIYE, 


pROUND  Plan. 


Chamber  Plan. 


Plate  29, 


«tt*t*siiv  Of  iLimm 


^LclU  J^o.    30. 


It  has  been  said  cf  llij  building  we  here  present  that  it  is  the  most  "  liomely  "  one  of  this  col- 
lection, and  on  inquiry  received  the  explanation  that  the  party  considered  there  was  more  "home- 
like "  expression  about  it  than  any  of  the  others.  This  is  to  some  extent  confirmatory  of  part  of  our 
ideas  expressed  in  connection  with  plate  No.  19,  to  the  effect  that  in  some  positions  the  practice  of 
truncating  the  gables  is  beneticial  to  the  appearance  of  the  building. 

In  this  example,  however,  there  arc  other  peculiarities  which  combined  with  the  gable  treat- 
ment to  produce  in  the  gentleman's  mind  the  feeling  expressed  above.  The  projecting  porched  en- 
trance to  the  broad  piazza,  the  bays  and  overhanging  gables  at  the  second  story,  the  orioled  gablet 
with  its  hipped  roof,  the  crestings  and  tlie  slated  roofs,  with  the  entire  outside  treatment,  all  com- 
bine in  the  best  of  accord  to  produce  in  the  minds  of  some  the  sentiment  the  gentleman  referred  to 
evinced. 

The  interior  arrangement  of  the  ground  floor  is  among  the  plans  which  have  given  more  satis- 
■f action  than  any  others.  It  is  not  one,  however,  that  can  be  used  without  considerable  lot  frontage, 
as  the  entire  spread  of  the  structure  is  about  46  feet,  while  its  depth  is  less  than  40  feet. 

The  chamber  plan  contains  five  elegant  rooms,  a  dressing-room  in  connection  with  the  principal 
front  chamber,  a  bath-room  which  is  fully  equipped  and  plumbed,  and  a  very  desirable  number  of 
closets. 

The  attic  is  only  available  for  ventilating  and  storage.  The  kitchen  is  provided  with  a  suitable 
range  and  boiler,  wash-trays,  sink  and  pump,  all  of  which  are  thoroughly  plumbed  The  cellar  ig 
grouted  and  cemented,  and  the  ceiling  plastered  one  coat. 

Cost  at  New  York,    $4,500. 


Perspective. 


pROUND  Plan. 


^Icuta  JVb.    SI. 


The  building  here  presented  was  but  recently  completed,  having  been  erected  at  "West  Ruther- 
ford, N.  J.,  within  the  past  few  months;  it  is,  however,  not  the  first  one  of  this  model  we  have  been 
engaged  upon,  although  it  was  considerably  altered  from  the  original. 

It  is  seldom  we  have  been  able  to  add  a  tower  to  a  house  of  this  class  with  so  good  a  result  as 
was  obtained  in  this  case.  The  design  and  j^roportions  combine  to  produce  a  very  pretty  and  satis- 
factory effect,  which  is  by  no  means  exaggerated  or  flattered  in  the  illustration  before  us. 

This  exterior  treatment  looks  remarkably  well  on  the  plans  of  Nos.  6  and  12,  or  those  in  use  in 
this  plate,  without  a  tower;  although  the  presence  of  the  tower  contributes  largely  to  the  dignity  and 
beauty  of  the  building. 

In  the  construction  of  this  example  the  balloon  frame  was  used,  and  was  sheathed  from  sills  to 
plates,  inside  and  outside,  after  first  thoroughly  flush  bracing,  which  produces  a  structure  of  the 
most  substantial  character;  and,  with  the  addition  of  resonated  sheathing-paper,  which  was  also 
used,  the  interior  is  as  completely  protected  from  cold  or  heat  as  a  frame  house  can  be,  vdthout  the 
use  of  double  walls. 

The  interior  planning  here  presented  is  very  convenient,  pleasant  and  accommodative,  yet  not 
departing  widely  in  its  main  features  from  some  we  have  already  passed.  The  parlor  and  dining- 
room  unite  by  sliding-doors,  and  both  communicate  with  the  hall.  The  kitchen  is  also  reached  from 
the  hall  through  three  doors,  by  way  of  the  passage  under  the  stairs,  which  also  affords  access  to  the 
cellar  from  both  kitchen  and  hall.  The  large  dining-room  pantry,  which  is  completely  fitted  up 
with  drawers,  shelves  and  hooks,  is  the  main  road  to  the  kitchen.  The  chamber  plan  presents  a 
very  desirable  arrangement  of  rooms  and  closets. 

The  attic  is  fitted  up  with  a  neat  servants'  room,  and  the  room  in  the  tower  is  also  a  good  one, 
and  is  accessible  from  the  attic  hall.  The  main  attic  is  used  for  a  drying-room,  the  servants'  room 
being  in  the  gable  nearest  the  tower.  * 

Cost  at  New  York,   $4,500. 


Perspective. 


8  6'- 

pROUND   J'LAN. 


\      |o|E3 


* 


9'iS"Xll'6' 


xJ- 


fi 


Chamber  J^lan. 

P  LATE     5  I. 


^IcLte  JVo.  3^. 


We  have  already  expressed  the  opinion  that  there  is  no  general  plan  upon  which  a  dwelling 
house  may  be  divided  that  affords  greater  facilities  for  convenient,  pleasant,  and  comfortable  ar- 
rangement than  that  presented  by  the  central-hall  or  double  house  system.  Of  course,  such  a 
division  is  not  practical  in  buildings  of  less  than  28  or  30  feet  frontage,  unless  the  entrance  is  placed 
at  the  side  of  the  building,  as  in  the  example  shown  by  plate  No.  25.  The  splendid  French-roof 
villa  illustrated  in  the  plate  before  us  is  a  successful  example  of  the  double  method  which  we  have 
followed  up  in  several  other  examples  that  were  modeled  on  the  same  general  principle,  each  of 
wliich  were  in  their  detail  construction  and  planning  quite  different  from  the  remainder  in  their 
interior  arrangements,  and  radically  different  in  their  exterior  designing. 

This  villa  is  the  home  of  a  small  family,  the  head  of  which  is  a  young  gentleman  of  luxurious 
tastes  and  comfortable  means.  Referring  to  the  ground  plan,  upon  one  side  ot  the  broad  central 
hall,  which  is  entered  through  a  richly  trimmed  and  tiled  vestibule,  the  magnificent  parlor  occupies 
the  entire  space.  Opposite  to  it  is  located  the  library  and  dining-room,  the  latter  being  connected 
by  sliding  doors  with  a  broad  conservatorj^  bay,  the  former  having  on  one  side  a  large  bay-window, 
and  both  rooms  being  thrown  together  with  broad  sliding  doors,  foi-ms  a  combination  which 
presents  an  unusually  elegant  effect. 

The  chamber  plan  presents  the  same  characteristic  arrangement,  and  is  fully  equipped  for  the 
enjoyment  of  luxurious  creature  comfort.  The  attic  is  finished  with  three  good  chambers,  a  large 
dry-room  and  a  tank-room.  The  kitchen  is  fitted  up  under  the  dining-room  in  the  basement,  and 
lacks  nothing  whicli  would  contribute  to  its  conveniences.  It  is  well  out  of  ground,  is  drj',  light 
and  airy.  The  remainder  of  the  basement  is  occupied  by  storerooms,  coal  and  furnace  rooms,  and 
sub-cellar  under  a  portion  of  it  affords  a  refrigerating  department. 

Cost  at  New  York,   $11,000- 


f 


ERSPECTIYE. 


_ 

> 

V 

* 

o 

■ 

>< 

• 

■ 

ive" 

■ 

■ 

pROUND     ^LAN. 


Chamber  J^lan. 

P LATE      3 


^Icute  J^o.   33. 


The  cottage  villa  exhibited  in  this  pia,ie  is  after  what  mi^L.6  be  called  a  Swedo-Gothic  model, 
and  presents  with  its  balconies,  bu  tressed  porch,  heavy  truss  brackets,  and  timber-trimmed  gablet, 
an  unusually  attractive  front  for  a  building  of  its  cost. 

The  internal  arrangement  of  both  floors  show  a  careful  study  1o  appropriate  all  the  advantages 
obtained  by  double  planning,  while  at  the  same  time  the  kitchen  is  thrown  off  in  a  rear  extension, 
and  the  halls  brought  between  it  and  the  main  rooms.  A  device  which  admits  of  three  fine  cham- 
bers being  placed  across  the  front  of  the  building,  while  the  bath-room  and  a  chamber  over  the 
kitchen  communicate  conveniently  with  the  main  hall.  The  two  main  gables  in  the  attic  are  fitted 
into  very  comfortable  bedrooms,  and  the  remainder  of  the  space  is  appropriated  to  various  purposea. 

The  bath-room  and  kitchen  are  completely  fitted  up  and  plumbed  for  hot  and  cold  water,  a  tank 
being  placed  in  the  attic  to  perfect  the  design  for  that  purpose.  The  passage  between  the  dining- 
room  and  kitchen  is  completely  fitted  up  with  drawers  and  cupboards,  one  of  which  has  a  slide- 
door  opening  into  the  kitchen.  It  also  communicates  with  the  cellar,  and  with  the  main  hall  through 
doors  opposite  to  the  drawers  and  cupboards.  A  large  vestibule  connects  the  dining-room  with  the 
side  porch,  which  affoi  ds  a  very  desirable  every-day  entrance.  The  kitchen  entrance  is  on  the 
opposite  side  to  the  last  named,  and  also  has  a  vestibule  connected  therewith. 

The  cellar  ceiling  is  clastered,  and  the  space  is  divided  into  refrigerator,  coal  and  furnace  rooms. 

Cost  at  New  York,   $4,200. 


^Perspective. 


pROUND    Plan. 


J_  . 


g,      I         I2'><I6' 


_l 


PH AMBER  J='LAN. 

P  LATE     5  5 


^IcLte  JVo.   34. 


There  is  no  practice  with  reference  to  the  outside  appointments  of  dwelling  houses  which,  as  a 
rule,  is  thought  less  indispensable  than  that  of  building  an  elaborate  piazza  across  one  or  more 
sides  of  the  structure.  There  can  be  no  doubt  but  they  are  in  most  cases  of  decided  benefit  to  the 
appearance  of  the  building,  and  in  many  instances  are  about  the  only  redeeming  feature  in  con- 
nection therewith.  It  should  be  remembered,  however,  that  under  most  of  these  circumstances  the 
houses  are  designed  with  special  reference  to  the  piazzas,  and  we  have  seen  some  examples  where 
the  grand  object  to  be  attained  appeared  to  be  the  production  of  a  piazza. 

We  have  for  several  years  past  made  extended  observations  and  given  much  study  and  research 
to  matters  of  vital  sanitary  importance  in  connection  with  "Home  Building;"  in  consequence  of 
which  we  have  been  caused  to  believe  that  for  any  climate  north  of  the  thirty-fifth  parallel  of  lati- 
tude, no  dwelling  house  should  be  throttled  with  a  piazza.  But  on  the  contrary  it  should  embrace 
all  the  elements  of  beauty  and  comfort  that  can  be  claimed  for  the  piazza,  without  being  encum- 
bered with  that  auxiliary  to  all  manner  of  fevers. 

The  building  Ave  show  in  this  plate  was  executed  with  special  reference  to  this  subject,  and  j'et 
it  cannot  be  said  to  appear  either  naked  or  lank.  Its  outside  walls  are  exposed  to  the  health-pre- 
serving action  of  sunshine  from  foundation  to  roof,  while  its  interior  planning,  which  is  on  the 
double-house  system,  and  is  one  of  much  merit,  contributes  to  the  same  object,  in  that  all  rooms 
are  provided  with  ample  light  and  ventilation.  The  kitchen  and  bath-room  are  completely 
plumbed,  but  a  most  thorough  arrangement  is  provided  for  expelling  all  noxious  gases  therefrom 
by  means  of  an  apparatus  in  connection  Avith  the  adjoining  chimney. 

Cost  at  New  York,   $S,500. 


f 


ERSPECTIYE. 


pROUND  Plan. 


^3j 

Chamber  Plan. 


P LATE     54 


Alette   JVo.    35, 

The  splendid  villa  illustrated  in  this  plate  is  another  striking  example  of  how  completely  un- 
necessary a  piazza  is  for  tlie  purpose  of  beautifying  a  building.  We  have  on  manj'  occasions  pre- 
sented this  and  pla^e  Iso.  34  to  gentlemen  of  much  experience  and  observation;  requested  them  to 
carefully  examine  the  perspectives,  and  inform  us  if  they  noticed  anj'thing  lacking  which,  in  their 
opinion,  would  add  any  beauty  cr  dignity  to  the  appearance  of  the  building. 

The  result  has  invaiiably  been  in  the  negative,  and  upon  our  calling  their  attention  to  the  fact 
that  there  were  no  piazzas  in  connection  with  the  buildings,  they  have  agreed  with  us  that  they 
were  not  in  any  sense  required. 

Tho  interior  planning  of  this  villa  is  not  widely  different  from  that  of  plate  No.  24.  The  hall 
is  wider,  but  is  shorter,  and  does  not  possess  the  central  lobby  between  the  entrance  porch  and  the 
staircase,  it  has  the  addition,  however,  of  a  vestibule. 

The  parlors  are  also  united  by  sliding-doors,  which  in  some  respects  is  a  superior  arrangement. 
The  chamber  plan,  kitchen  and  dining-room,  possess  about  the  same  qualities  as  those  of  No.  24, 
although  somewhat  differently  arranged. 

The  attic  of  this  building  is  divided  into  four  fine  chambers,  and  ample  closets.  The  roof  is 
covered  with  purple  slates  cut  in  diamond  pointsr 

The  cellar  ceiling  is  plastered,  the  floor  thoroughly  grouted  and  cemented,  and  all  walls  and 
ceilings  beautifully  whitened.  The  space  in  the  cellar  is  divided  into  a  furnace  and  coal-room,  and 
two  well  appointed  storerooms. 

Cost  at  NeAA/-  York,  $7,000. 


Perspective. 


pROUND  Plan. 


Chamber  Plan. 

Plate  ^^ 


S^lcLte  JVo.    SO. 


This  elegant  semi-Gothic  villa  is  a  continuation  of  our  examples  of  what  we  have  called  the 
double-house  system  of  planning.  Our  plate  does  not  in  any  degree  flatter  the  original,  which  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  finest  appearing  houses  in  New  London,  Conn.,  and  is  built  and  finished  in  a  most 
excellent  manner.  The  presence  of  the  porched  piazza,  in  this  instance,  is  a  decided  benefit  to  the 
appearance  of  the  building.  The  design  was  made  with  a  view  to  its  use,  and  for  that  reason  it  has 
become  an  indispensable  part  of  the  structure. 

A  careful  study  of  the  plans  shown  will  reveal  the  presence  of  an  elaborate  preparation  for 
convenience  and  comfort.  Among  the  noticeable  features  are  the  two  flights  of  stairs,  both  of  which 
occupy  a  central  position,  and  communicate  with  the  main  chain  of  halls,  while  at  the  same  time 
they  are  separated  by  a  wall.  Then,  the  extent  of  pantry  and  closet  accommodation,  dumb-waiter 
from  cellar  to  attic,  the  bath-room,  water-closets,  and  wash-basins,  all  thoroughly  plumbed  and 
equipped,  form  a  combination  of  appliances  for  luxurious  comfort  seldom  surpassed.  The  attic  is 
finished  with  four  good  chambers,  and  a  large  amount  of  store  and  closet  room.  The  roof  is  con- 
structed with  a  deck  about  20  feet  square,  which  is  surrounded  with  a  heavy  balustrade,  and  from 
which  can  be  obtained  a  grand  view  of  the  bay  and  surrounding  country.  The  ground  and  chamber 
floors  are  elegantly  trimmed  with  hard  wood  of  different  colors,  and  finished  with  cornices  and  centers 
to  suit.  The  windows  are  furnished  with  double  sash,  which  are  glazed  with  French  plate  glass,  and 
are  provided  with  inside  shutters. 

There  is  a  basement  cellar  under  the  whole  house,  which  is  very  thoroughly  and  completely 
finished  up,  and  equipped  for  the  service  for  which  it  is  required. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $13,000. 


f 


ERSPECTIVE. 


pROUND    Plan. 


Chamber  J^lan 

Plate    36 


S^lcLte  JSTo.  37. 

This  splendid  tower  villa  was  erected  in  one  of  the  westerly  suburbs  of  Boston,  about  three 
years  since.  Located  as  it  is  upon  a  gently  rolling  prominence,  with  its  massive  tower  lifting  itself 
almost  half  its  length  above  the  main  ]oof,  and  standing  out  towards  the  natural  approach,  pro. 
duces  an  effect  striking  and  engaging. 

The  roofs  arc  constructed  on  the  French-overhang  system,  we  have  made  considerable  use  of 
in  connection  with  two-story  French-roof  buildings,  the  past  few  years.  By  this  method  the 
chamber  walls  on  the  second  floor  are  perpendicular  to  their  ceilings,  the  entire  batter  being  thrown 
in  the  attic,  which  is  about  six  feet  high  at  the  sides,  and  eight  feet  in  the  center  of  the.  building. 

The  interior  division  of  this  villa  is  somewhat  peculiar,  and  considerably  different  from  any 
that  we  have  before  shown. 

The  principal  entrance  is  through  the  porch  at  the  front  of  the  main  hall,  although  the  but- 
tressed steps  at  the  end  of  the  piazza  would  seem  to  invite  an  entrance  over  them. 

The  main  staircase  is  one  of  an  elegant  character,  it  having  been  designed  specially  for  the 
place,  and  carved  in  butternut. 

The  hall  is  10x24  feet,  and  communicates  direct  with  the  boudoir,  library,  parlor  and  dining- 
room;  the  three  first  named  rooms  communicate  with  each  other  through  folding  doors,  and  with 
the  piazza  through  French  windows,  which  have  outside  sliding  sash  for  Winter  use. 

The  dining-room  passage  to  the  kitchen  is  elaborately  fitted  with  closet,  drawers  and  cupboard, 
and  the  kitchen,  or  labor  department,  is  provided  with  closets,  pantry,  and  accompanied  by  a  well 
equipped  laundry. 

The  chamber  plan  presents  a  very  desirable  arrangement.  The  entire  interior  is  finished  in 
hard  woods,  of  different  colors,  in  an  unusually  elaborate  manner. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $17,000. 


f  ERSPECTIYE. 


■Jt.' 


V/  \^'' 


pKOUND     j^LAN. 


...fey  ^sTT 

J.  MEHM — /I 


Cha\'B   r  Pl-AN. 


^LArz    37 


S^lcLta  JVo.    S8. 


"We  have  introduced  in  this  plate  an  illustration  of  a  small  bank  building,  not  doubting  but 
that  it  will  furnish  some  of  our  patrons  a  suggestion  of  what  they  need,  and  also  an  actual  plan, 
which  they  may  folio  .v  in  all  its  details,  and  have  when  completed,  a  very  handsome  and  appro- 
priate building  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  designed. 

The  building  here  represented,  was  executed  in  one  of  the  small  cities  of  the  south-west  in  1871, 
and  has  given  complete  satisfaction  so  far  as  we  are  aware.  It  is  executed  in  brick,  with  stone  sills 
and  caps,  and  galvanized  iron  cornice. 

The  vault  is  built  of  fire  brick  twelve  inches  thick,  and  is  cased  on  the  inside,  walls,  floor  and 
ceiling,  with  plate  steel  a  quarter  of  an  inch  thick,  with  a  space  of  four  inches  between  the  steel  and 
the  brick,  fil'ed  with  dry,  fine  slacked  lime.  The  roof  is  carried  by  bridge  trusses,  and  no  columns 
are  used  to  aid  in  its  support. 

This  building  would  be  very  suitable  for  the  use  of  small  banks,  or  building  and  loan  associa- 
tions, which  are  now  becoming  tolerably  well  known,  and  are  being  organized  in  many  cities  and 
towns  throughout  the  States. 

Cost  at  New  York,    $6,000. 


Fr\ONT  Elevation. 


^ANK  Plan, 


3 


Side   E 


LEYATION. 


p 


ANK. 


^ECTION, 


Foundation, 


Plate     ^ 


^IcLte  JVb.    39. 


Within  the  past  few  years  we  have  had  numerous  calls  for  small,  neat  stables,  of  about  the 
character  of  those  shown  in  this  plate.  Buildings  which  would  not  be  unpleasant  to  look  upon, 
and  yet  not  expensive  to  put  up. 

No.  A  affords  very  comfortable  accommodation  for  one  horse  and  a  cow,  and  ample  room  for 
one  or  two  vehicles.  The  mow  is  reached  by  a  ladder  located  behind  the  door  which  leads  to  the 
cow's  stall,  and  is  ample  for  the  storage  of  hay  and  straw  sufficient  for  the  two  animals. 

No  B  is  intended  to  accommodate  two  horses,  and  affords  room  for  the  storage  of  two  or  three 
vehicles.     The  mow  is  reached  by  a  narrow  and  rather  steep  flight  of  steps  where  shown. 

Both  buildings  are  covered  with  slate  roofs,  have  their  mows  laid  with  narrow  dressed  and 
matched  spruce  flooring  one  inch  thick,  and  their  lower  floors  with  1^  inch  stuff.  Both  are 
boarded  on  the  inside  with  dressed  hemlock  four  feet  high  from  the  floor. 

A  costs  at  New  York,  $375. 
B  «  «  500. 


PARH  ^. 


^   cow 


BB,^ ,  ^. 


J'lan  ^ 


1 


I2'.\  17' 


j='LAN    ^ 


Plate    59 


^IcLte,  JVo.    40, 


The  stable  and  carriage-house  we  illustrate  in  this  plate  is  a  very  elegant  building.  It  was 
executed  in  brown  stone,  in  irregular  courses,  bedded  and  tool  faced.  The  roof  is  covered  with 
green  slate,  with  blue-black  figures.  The  doors  are  made  of  oak  and  oiled.  There  are  three  floors 
in  a  portion  of  the  building,  where  rooms  are  neatly  finished  for  the  use  of  the  hostlers.  There  is  a 
cellar  under  the  carriage  room  where  roots  are  stored. 

Cost  at  New   York,   $6,000. 


Fi\ONT  Elevation, 


Plate   40 


^la±e  JSTo.    41. 


The  -work  we  have  in  hand  would  be  incomplete  without  an  example  or  two  of  the  nature  of 
this  and  the  following  plate.  The  building  before  us  was  erected  for  a  small  congregation,  with 
the  intention  of  affording  them  a  pleasant  house,  in  which  to  worship,  for  a  very  moderate  sum  of 
money.  The  wings  admit  of  the  separation  of  the  infant  and  adult  classes  of  the  Sabbath  school 
from  the  main  room  during  the  study  of  the  lessons;  after  which  the  doors  that  separate  them 
are  folded  up,  half  each  way,  behind  the  jambs,  and  all  are  again  in  view  of  the  superintendent. 
The  wings  also  materially  increase  the  seating  capacity  of  the  building,  and  may  be  used  or  shut  off 
"by  closing  and  opening  the  doors  at  will.  The  heads  of  the  entire  openings  are  finished  on  a  lanset 
arch,  like  the  other  openings,  and  add  very  much  to  the  effect  of  the  interior.  If  the  wings  are 
emitted  the  expense  of  the  building  will  be  reduced  about  $600.  The  roof  is  covered  with  slate, 
and  the  building  warmed  with  a  furnace. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $2,SOO. 


ERSPECTIYE. 


\ 


^ 


25' - 

Plan. 


Plate     41 


^IcLte   JVo.    4^. 

The  splendid  church  edifice  illustrated  in  this  plate  is  taken  from  one  of  Lafever's  best  produc- 
tions, and  is  a  fair  example  of  what  should  be  done  by  a  church  that  is  strong  in  numbers  and 
financial  resources.  But  we  hope  that  no  congregation  may  ever  attempt  to  build  after  this  design 
until  every  dollar  of  its  cost  is  raised  or  assured  on  bond,  before  the  first  blow  of  the  hammer  that 
is  to  lay  its  foundations  or  form  its  architraves  shall  be  heard  ISTever  should  a  Christian  people 
log-role  to  completion  a  grand  building  that  might  in  a  feAv  months  be  sold  under  the  auctioneer's 
hammer  to  satisfy  a  part  of  the  vast  floating  debt  incurred  by  its  erection. 

Cost  at  New  York,  $150,000. 


ERSPECTIYE. 


P  I^  ATE      4 


I 


HOME     BUILDING. 


197 


PLACES   AlfD   PRICES. 

The  following  tables  have  been  carefully  prepared,  and  exhibit  the  average  cost  of  materials 
and  labor  for  the  year  1876,  in  about  four  hundred  cities  and  towns,  scattered  throughout  the 
country  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco,  and  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.  By  these  tables 
the  difference  between  the  cost  of  building  in  any  given  place  and  that  of  another  is  readily  and 
reliably  ascertained,  as,  for  example,  we  find  by  adding  the  figures  of  costs  as  extended  from  New 
York  as  follows  :  $33,  $6  50,  $1  25,  $3  50,  $3  50,  $3  50,  |1  50,  $G  amounts  to  $56  75;  while 
those  extended  from  Adrian,  Mich.,  as  follows:  |13  50,  $6,  $1,  $3  50,  $3  50,  $3  50,  $1  25,  $3,  only 
sum  up  $31  25,  resulting  in  a  demonstration  of  the  fact  that  the  same  building,  in  every  respect,  to 
use  round  numbers,  woildcost  in  Adrian,  thirty-one  fifty-sixths  of  the  sum  required  to  produce  it 
in  New  York.  Or,  in  other  words,  a  building  costing  $3,000  in  New  York,  would  cost  but  $1,660 
in  Adrian,  ,Mich. 

These  tables  will  not  only  enable  the  investigator  to  find  the  difference  in  the  cost  of  buildings 
at  the  places  therein  named,  but  will  also  afford  him  the  facility  for  comparing  the  difference 
between  any  of  these  places  and  any  otlier  at  which  he  may  be  acquainted  with  the  ruline:  prices  of 
materials  and  labor.  Again,  the  costs  of  the  buildings  shown  in  all  the  plates,  being  figured  on  the 
basis  of  the  prices  at  New  York,  will  allow  of  the  cost  being  found  at  any  given  place,  or  at  any 
place,  by  getting  the  costs  of  materials  and  labor : 


New  York  City  and  Brooklyn 
Akron,  Ohio      . 
Ashland,  New  Hampshire 
Adrian,  Michigan    . 
Attica,  New  York 
Avondale,   Pennsylvania. 
Allentown,  Pennsylvania 
Altoona,  Pennsylvania    , 
Allegheny  City,  Pennsylvania 
Atlantic  City,  New  Jersey 
Alexandria,  Virginia    . 
Athens,  Ohio    . 
Ashland,  Kentucky     . 
Augusta,  Kentucky 
Alton,  Illinois 
Amherst,  Massachusetts    . 
Aurora,  Illinois  . 
Ann  Arbor,  Michigan 
Appleton,  Wisconsin  . 
Atchison,  Kansas    . 
Albany,  New  York     . 
Augusta,  Maine      .     •  . 
Athens,  New  York     . 
Binghamton,  New  York  . 
Buffalo,  New  York    . 
Bayside,  Long  Island 
Belleville,  New  Jersey 
Boonton,  New  Jersey 
Bergen  Point,  New  Jersey 
Bound  Brook,  New  Jersey 
Burlington,  New  Jersey    . 
Bethleliem,  Pennsylvania 
Bedford,  Pennsylvania 
Baltimore,  Maryland 
Boone,  Iowa 
Burlington,  Vermont 


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$1  50 
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5  50 

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2  00 

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4  00 

20  00 

6  00 

1  00 

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1  50 

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6  50 

1  00 

2  50 

3  00 

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7  00 

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2  25 

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2  50 

1  50 

5  00 

.  25  (10 

7  00 

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1  50 

4  00 

.  25  00 

6  00 

1  00 

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3  00 

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16  00 

6  50 

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3  00 

2  50 

1  40 

3  50 

.  14  00 

6  00 

1  00 

2  50 

2  75 

2  50 

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3  50 

25  00 

6  00 

1  50 

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3  00 

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4  00 

.  30  00 

6  50 

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2  50 

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.  25  00 

6  50 

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26  00 

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'3  00 

.  20  00 

6  00 

1  00 

2  50 

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32  00 

7  00 

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2  50 

1  50 

4  00 

.  30  00 

6  00 

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6  00 

28  00 

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.  30  00 

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32  00 

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6  00 

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20  00 

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.  18  00 

6  00 

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8  50 

3  00 

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.  22  00 

5  50 

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3  60 

2  50 

1  50 

3  50 

.   20  00 

6  50 

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2  50 

3  00 

2  50  • 

1  50 

3  00 

198 


HO]\tE      EUILDIiS^C 


Bordentown,  New  Jersey 
Boston,  Massacliusetts 
Bloomington,  UliHois  . 
Buj-lington,  Oliio 
Burlington,  Iowa 
Booneville,  Missouri 
Bennington,  Vermont 
Bridgeport,   Connecticut 
Burlington,  Vermont  . 
Ballston  Spa,  New  York 
Cifton,  New  Jersey    . 
Corning,  New  York 
Cold  Sprin'j,  New  York 
Corry.  Pennsylvania 
Cleveland,  Ohio  . 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Chicago,  Illinois 
Caseyvillc,  Illinois  . 
Creskill,  New  Jersey  . 
Cedarmere,  L.  I.,  N.  Y.  . 
Carlstadt,  New  Jersey 
Cooperstown,  NewYork. 
Cranford,  New  Jersey 
Cresson  Springs,  Pennsylvania 
Canton,  Ohio  .        .        . 
Catasauqua,  Pennsylvania 
Camden,  NeAv  Jersey 
Cape  May,  New  Jersey 
Clearfield.  Pennsylvania 
Curwinsville,  Pennsylvania 
Chester,  Pennsylvania    • 
Columbus,  Ohio 
Cumberland,  West  Virginia 
ChiUlcothe,  Ohio 
Covington,  Kentucky 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa    , 
California,  Missouri 
Council  Bluffs,  Iowa 
Charlestown,  Massachusetts 
Cheyenne,  Wyoming 
Concord,  New  Hampshire 
Catskill,  New  York 
Colfax,  California    . 
Deposit,  New  "York 
Dayton,  New  York 
Dunkirk,  New  York 
Dayion,  Ohio  . 

Detroit,  Michigan 
De  Ruyter,  New  York 
Dover,  New  Jersey 
Dover,  Delaware 
Decatur,  Illinois 
Davenport,  Iowa     . 
Des  Moines,  Iowa 
Du  Buque,  Iowa 
D 'uver,  Colorado 
Danbury,  Connecticut 
Derby,  Connecticut 
EIrayra,  New  York 
Elyria,  Ohio 
Elkhart,  Indiana 
Effingham,  Illinois 
Englewood,  New  Jersey 
Elizabeth,  New  Jersey 


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HOJIE      BUILDING 


109 


Easton,  Pennsylvania     • 
Evansville,  Indiana    . 
Elgin,  Illinois 
Emporiii,  Kansas 
Fort  Wayne,  Indiana     . 
Freehold,  New  Jersey 
Fredericksburgh,  Virginia 
Freeport,   Illinois 
Fon  du  Lac,   Wisconsin 
Farmingham,  Massachusetts 
Fremont,  Nebraska 
Greenwood,  New  York 
Gray  Court,  New  York  . 
Goshen,  New  York     . 
Guymard,  New  York 
Gouldsboro,    Pennsylvania 
Greenville,  New  Jersey  . 
Greensburgh,  Pennsylvania 
Grafton,  West  Virginia  . 
Grand  Rapids,  Michigan    . 
Grand  Haven,  Michigan 
Gil  man,  Illinois 
Galesburgh,  Illinois 
Galena,  Illinois  . 
Greenfield,  Massachusetts 
Greenwich,  Connecticut     . 
Geneva,  New  York 
Hawthorn,  New  Jersey 
Hohokus,  New  Jersey     . 
Hornellsville,  New  York  . 
Hamilton,  Ohio 
Hamilton,  Canada 
Highland,  Illinois   . 
Highland,   New  Jersey 
Hackensack,  New  Jersey 
Hawiey,  Pennsylvania 
Harrisburgh,  Pennsylvania 
Huntingdon,  Pennsylvania 
Hanover,  Pennsylvania 
Huntington,  West  Virginia 
Herman,  Missouri  . 
Hannibal,  Missouri     . 
Hartford,  Connecticut    . 
Hudson,  New  York    . 
Illinoistown,  Illinois 
Indianapolis,  Indiana 
Ithaca,  New  York  . 
Ironton,  Ohio 
Jamestown,  New  York  . 
Jackson,  Michigan 
Jeffersonville,  Indiana    . 
Joliet,  Illinois 
Jefferson  Cily,  Missouri  . 
Jersey  City,  New  Jersey    . 
Kalamazoo,  Michigan 
Kniglitstovvn,  Indiana 
Kingston,  New  York 
Kirk  wood,  Missouri   . 
Kansas  City,  Missouri 
Lake  View,  New  Jersey     . 
Lackawaxen,  Pennsylvania 
London,  Canada. 
Lawrenceburgh,  Indiana 
Lebanon,  Pennsylvn^" 


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HOME      BUILDINCi 


Lewistown,  Pennsylvania 
Lima,  Ohio 

Lycoming,  Pennsylvania 
Lock  Haven,  Pennsylvania 
Long  Branch,  New  jersey 
Lancaster,  Pennsylvania    . 
Logansport,  Indiana 
Lancaster,  Ohio  . 
Lynchburg,  Virginia 
Louisville,  Kentucky. 
Lansing,  Michigan  . 
Lafayette,  Indiana 
Lawrence,  Kansas  . 
Leavenworth  City,  Kansas 
Lowell,  Massachusetts    . 
Littleton,  New  Hampshire 
Los  Angelos,  California  . 
Middletown,  New  York     . 
Meadville,  Pennsylvania  . 
Mansfield,  Ohio  . 
Marion,  Ohio  . 
Mt.  Clair,  New  Jersey 
Milburn,  New  Jersey 
Madison,  New  Jersey 
Morristown,  New  Jersey 
Martinsburg,  West  Virginia 
Mayville,  Kentucky 
Madison,  Indiana 
Mendota,  Illinois     . 
Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa     . 
Muscatine,  Iowa 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 
Madison,  Wisconsin 
Macon  City,  Missouri 
Mineral  Point,  Missouri . 
Montpelier,  Vermont. 
Narrowsburg,  New  York 
Norwalk,  Ohio  . 
Niagara  Falls,  New  York 
New  Durham,  New  Jersey 
Nyack,  New  York  . 
Newburgh,  New  York    . 
Newark,  New  Jersey  . 
New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey 
Norristown,  Pennsylvania 
Newark,  Ohio    . 
Norfolk,  Virginia    . 
New  Richmond,  Ohio 
Newport,  Kentucky 
New  Albany,  Indiana 
Norwalk,  Connecticut    . 
Newhaven,  Connecticut 
New  London,  Connecticut 
Norwich,  Connecticut 
Newport,  Rhode  Is-land  , 
Newburyport,  Massachusetts 
Manchester,  New  Hampshire 
Napa  City,  California 
Oswego,  New  York 
Olean,  New  York 
Oberlin,  Ohio  . 
Ottawa,  Illinois  . 
Olney,  Illinois 
Orange,  New  Jersey  . 


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HOME      BUILDIN^a. 


201 


Orville,  Ohio  . 
Oberdeen,  Ohio  . 
Ottumwa,  Iowa 
Omaha,  Nebraska 
Ogden,  Utah    . 
Os\iego,  New  York 
Oakliitid,^  California    . 
Orovillc,  California 
Passaic,  New  Jersey   , 
Port  Jervis,  New  York 
Portage,  New  York    . 
Paris,  Canada  . 
Pierniont,  New  York 
Pompton,  New  Jersey 
Plaintield,  New  Jersey 
Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania 
Plymouth,  Indiana 
Pittston,  Pennsylvania    . 
Pottsville,  Pennsylvania 
Pertli  Amboy,  New  Jersey 
Princeton,  New  Jersey 
Plii-ladelpliia,  Pennsylvania 
Piqua,  Ohio 
Parkersburg,  West  Virginia 
Portsmouth,  Ohio 
Paducali,  Kentucky 
Peoria,  Illinois    . 
Pilot  Knob,  Missouri 
Pittsfield,  Massachusetts 
Petersburg,  New  York   . 
Putnam,  New  York    . 
Providence,  Rhode  Island 
Plymouth,  Massachusetts 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampsh 
Portland,  Maine 
Peekskill,  New  York 
Poughkeepsie,  New  York 
Petaluma,  California 
Pateraon,  New  Jersey 
Queenstown,  Canada 
Rutherford,  New  Jersey 
Ridge  wood.  New  Jersey . 
Ramapo,  New  York    . 
Richmond,  Indiana 
Rosclle,  New  Jersey  . 
Reading,  Pennsylvania   . 
Rochester,  Pennsylvania 
Rahway,  New  Jersey 
Richmond,  Virginia   . 
Rock  Island,  Illinois 
Rome,  New  York 
Rochester,  New  York     . 
SufFern,  New  York    . 
Salamanca,  New  York    . 
Sprin.irlield,  Ohio 
Suspension  Bridge,  New  York 
Seymour,   Indiana 
Sandoval,  Illinois    . 
St.  Louis,  Missouri 
Sciiraalenburg.  New  Jersey 
Scranton,  Pennsylvania. 
Summit,  New  Jersey  . 
Somerville,  New  Jersey  . 
Salem.  Ohio 


^9,> 


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202 


HOME      BUILDING. 


Steubenville,  Ohio  , 
Sunbury,  Pennsylvania 
South  Amboy,  New  Jersey 
Springfield,  Illinois    . 
Sibley,  Iowa    . 
Sheboygan,  Wisconsin 
Sedalia,  Missouri     . 
St.  Charles,  Missouri  . 
St.  Joseph,  Missouri 
Springfield,  Massachusetts 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 
SheflSeld,  Massachusetts 
Seymour,  Connecticut    , 
Stonington,  Connecticut    . 
Salem,  Massachusetts 
Saratoga  Springs,  New  York 
Schenectady,  New  York 
Syracuse,  New  York  . 
Sacramento,  California  . 
Stockton,  California  . 
San  Jose,  California 
Santa  Clara,  California 
San  Diego,  California 
Santa  Rosa,  California 
Santa  Barbara,  California 
San  Luis  Obispo,  California 
San  Francisco,  California 
Turners,  New  York    . 
Toledo,  Ohio   . 
Tenafly,  New  Jersey  . 
Tappan,  New  Jersey 
Towanda,  Pennsylvania     . 
Topeka,  Kansas 
Ticonderoga,  New  York    , 
Troy,  New  York     . 
Tarrylown,  New  York 
Truckey,  California 
Terre  Haute,  Indiana 
Urbana,  Ohio  . 
Union,  Ohio  and  Indiana   . 
Vincennes,  Indiana 
Vineland,  New  Jersey 
West  Rutherford,  New  Jersey 
Waverly,  New  York  . 
Windsor,  Ontario,  Canada 
Watken's  Glen,  New  York 
Woodside,  New  Jersey  . 
Washington,  New  Jersey  , 
Water  Gap,  Pennsylvania 
Westfield,  New  Jersey 
Wooster,  Ohio    . 
Wilkes  Barre,  Pennsylvania 
Williamsport,  Pennsylvania 
Warren,  Pennsylvania    . 
Wilmington,  Delaware 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Wheeling,  West  Virginia  . 
Wihninalon,  Ohio  . 
White  Sulphur  Springs,  W.  Va, 
Watertown,  Wisconsin   . 
Washington,  Missouri 
Worcester,  Massachusetts 
Westfield,  Massachusetts    . 
Waterbury,  Connecticut 


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to  6 


HOME      BUILDING. 


203 


West  Point,  New  York 
Watsonville,  California  . 
Yonkers,  New  York  . 
Ypsilanti,  Michigan 
Zanesville,  Ohio  . 


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AMERICAN  HOME  COMMISSION  CO. 

This  organization  originated  in  the  widely  felt  need  of  a  center  to  which  all  who  are  engaged 
in  the  pleasant,  though  arduous,  labor  of  "  Home  Building,"  and  also  any  who  may  be  only  enter- 
ing upon  the  contemplation  of  such  a  course,  may  apply  for  advice,  information,  instruction  or 
goods  in  connection  with  any  of  the  branches,  or  their  ramifications,  of  this  ever  important,  inter- 
esting, and  all-absorbing  subject.  Thousands  of  articles  of  the  greatest  utility,  superiority  for  orna- 
mentation, and  often  inexpensive,  are  brought  into  limited  notice,  but  utterly  fail  of  ever  reaching 
the  observation  of  the  great  mass  to  whom,  often,  they  would  be  of  most  value.  One  of  the  objects 
of  this  Company  is  to  afford  a  channel  of  inquiry  after  such  specialties,  to  bring  tliem  before  the 
notice  of  the  Home  Builder,  and  become  the  means  by  which  they  may  pass  directly  from  the  hands 
of  the  manufacturer  to  those  of  the  consumer  without  their  having  been  loaded  with  the  profits  of 
half  a  dozen  dealers  of  different  grades.  Again,  almost  all  persons  who  have  ever  engaged  in  the 
task  of  building,  furnishing,  or  keeping  a  house,  have  found  themselves  £lt  a  loss  to  determine  as  to 
their  best  course  with  reference  to  many  of  the  details  of  these  main  branches,  and  therefore  another 
of  the  objects  of  this  institution  is  to  open  a  center  of  inquiry  in  all  these,  or  any  subjects  affecting 
"  Home  Building,"  where  may  be  had  such  advice,  instruction  or  direction,  as  shall  be  above  sus- 
picion and  of  real  value.  The  author  has  undertaken  the  duties  of  adviser  on  all  subjects  pertaining 
to  building,  decorating,  or  furnishing  a  house,  laying  out  or  planting  its  grounds,  and  shall  enter 
upon  his  labors  with  great  pleasure.  All  charges  for  advice,  instruction,  or  any  drawings  or  speci- 
fications required,  will  be  one  of  the  most  moderate  rates,  and  in  proportion  to  the  time  required 
only. 

Among  the  articles  which  this  Company  have  now  on  hand  to  bring  be- 
fore the  public  are  the  Patent  "  Home  Lock,"  and  the  Patent  Brush  Wash- 
board. This  lock  is  designed  to  sweep  out  of  exist 
ence  all  that  cheap  class,  of  this  article,  which  has  for 
so  long  a  period  been  the  fruitful  source  of  untold 
annoyance  through  the  breaking  of  springs  and  other 
flimsy  parts.  The  "  Home  Lock"  is,  as  a  rule  spring- 
less — as  only  those  which  are  made  to  be  used  where 
other  locks  have  been  in  use,  and  knobs  are  already 

provided,  contains  any  springs,  and  they  but  one — simple,  and  exceedingly 
strong  and  safe  in  its  parts,  contains  but  three  pieces  within  the  case,  and  is 
perfectly  dust  and  sight  proof.  It  is  strong,  cannot  get  out  of  order,  and 
can  be  sold  for  considerable  less  money  than  any  other  lock  of  the  same 
general  class. 

The  Patent  Brush  Washboard  is  a  new  departure,  as  can  be  seen  in  the 
cut;  is  adapted  to  cleaning  very  dirty  garments  with  remarkably  little  labor.  These  goods,  shop, 
county,  and  State  rights,  can  be  obtained  of  the  above  Company.     See  card  on  page  415. 


204  HOME     BUILDING, 

SPECIFICATIONS. 

Elaborated  with  Reference  to  Materials,  and  Where  to  Procure  Them. 

In  all  the  years  of  our  experience  and  arduous  labor  in  endeavoring  to  procure  for  our  clients 
such  designs  and  styles  of  residences  as  were  suited  to  their  wants,  locations  and  tastes,  and  as 
should  be  constructed  and  equipped  with  good  materials,  provided  with  appropriate  and  improved 
fittings,  furnishings,  and  appliances  of  necessity  and  comfort;  fitted  up  with  furniture,  carpets,  cur- 
tains and  articles  of  ornament  and  decoration,  which  should  be  at  once  artistic,  economical,  appro- 
priate and  convenient,  we  have  observed  no  greater  or  more  annoying  difficulty  in  the  way  of  our 
contractors  than  that  of  not  knowing  just  how  and  where  to  lay  their  hands  upon  the  articles  re- 
quired, and  of  whom  to  apply  for  information  and  advice  that  could  be  relied  upon,  prices  and 
goods  at  the  rate  and  of  the  character  desired. 

So  fully  has  our  long  observation  taught  us  of  the  great  and  growing  need  of  information  and 
instruction  in  these  important  branches  that  we  have  determined  in  this  work  to  try  for  a  point  far 
beyond  the  mere  detail  recital  of  how  a  house  should  be  mechanically  constructed,  how  large  the 
timbers  should  be,  of  what  nature  the  brick,  stone,  wood  and  other  material  should  consist,  and 
how  used;  which  in  fact  are  the  very  points  upon  which  the  average  contractor  or  mechanic  is 
already  best  informed.  That  in  these  specifications  we  have  interwoven,  with  our  instruction  as  to 
the  mechanical  manipulations  and  requirements  with  reference  to  materials  and  labor,  a  large  and 
valuable  amount  of  information  with  reference  to  appliances  and  goods.  And  in  order  that  our 
labor  shall  not  fall  short  of  practical  application,  we  have  with  great  care  brought  in  the  names  of 
manufacturers  and  dealers  in  most  of  the  goods  of  which  we  have  undertaken  to  speak.  In 
nearly  every  instance  these  firms  are  widely  known,  and  in  no  case  have  we  recommended  goods  or 
made  use  of  a  name  in  which  we  have  not  implicit  confidence,  and  should  any  of  our  readers  at  any 
time  be  improperly  dealt  with  by  any  one  we  have  recommended,  or  receive  from  them  other  quality  of 
goods  than  they  had  reason  to  expect,  we  will  esteem  it  a  great  personal  favor  if  they  will  acquaint 
us  of  the  facts,  as  we  expect  to  follow  this  work  with  one  of  a  similar,  but  much  more  elaborate 
character. 

We  have  deemed  it  best  in  these  specifications  not  to  contemplate  any  particular  building,  but 
have  included  in  them  such  matter  as  will  aid  any  practical  person  in  arranging  from  them  suitable 
specifications  for  houses  of  as  widely  different  types  as  those  shown  in  our  43  plates,  with  the  aid  of 
descriptions  accompanying  them. 

Headings. — This  should  designate  as  nearly  as  possible,  by  the  name  of  streets,  lot  numbers,  or 
other  description,  where  the  building  is  to  stand,  and  state  the  name  of  the  owner.  We  have 
many  times  averted  difficulty  through  these  simple  means. 

Dimensions. — Working  plans  should  never  be  on  a  scale  less  than  J  of  one  inch  to  the  foot,  which 
should  be  -nTitten  on  them,  and  beside  which,  all  widths,  lengths,  and  hights  should  be 
written  in  figures  on  the  plans,  so  far  as  possible. 

Excavations. — These  should  all  be  made  with  care,  neither  too  small  or  too  large,  or  out  of  position. 
The  depth  of  the  cellar  should  be  seven  feet  below  the  bottom  of  the  first  floor  beams  in  all 
houses  equal  to  plate  12.  In  such  buildings  as  plate  32  it  should  be  at  least  seven  feet  six 
inches  in  the  clear,  and  if  a  sub-cellar  is  used,  it  may  be  six  feet  in  the  clear.  A  cellar  six  feet 
six  inches  deep  would  answer  for  plate  1  or  2.  The  depth  of  the  cellar  excavation  will  be  found 
after  determining  the  hight  of  the  front  walls  above  the  final  grade  to  the  water-table,  care- 
fully allowing  for  raising  the  surface,  or  not,  with  the  earth  taken  up. 

Trenches  for  drains,  water  or  soil  pipes,  pier  or  other  foundations,  outside  cellar  door,  or  dwarf- 
walls,  should  always  be  below  the  frost  line,  opened  to  just  the  depth  and  incline  desired, 
and  all  ditches  carefully  filled  after  the  pipes  are  laid. 


H  0  M  K      B  U  I  L  D  I  ]vr  G .  ••  205 

Cistern  excavations  for  Plate  1  or  2,  sliould  not  be  less  than  7x9  feet;  for  Plates  6  to  13,  not  less 
than  8x10  feet;  and  for  32,  36,  or  37,  not  less  than  10x12  feet,  or  deeper  if  possible.  In  either 
of  these  cases  if  it  is  possible  to  have  a  never-failing  well  of  soft-water,  the  cistern  is  of 
much  less  consequence. 

Orerflow  Pits  for  receiving  the  overflow  from  cisterns  must  be  fifteen  feet  from  the  cellar,  if  there 
is  room,  about  3x6  or  4x8  feet,  and  must  positively  never  have  any  other  water  of  substance 
discharged  into  them  than  that  which  overflows  from  the  cistern.  We  have  known  great 
calamities  to  come  upon  households,  especially  the  children,  in  the  shape  of  typhoids,  diph- 
theria, scarlet  and  other  fevers,  where  kitchen  or  other  waste-pipes  had  been  connected  with 
overflow  pits,  and  the  water  of  the  cistern  poisoned  by  the  noxious  gases  which  arose  from 
decaying  grease  passing  through  the  pipes. 

Vaults  for  cess-pools  or  water-closets  should  be  placed  as  far  from  the  house  as  possible,  and 
should  never  be  placed  where  there  would  be  an  incline  of  the  surface  or  strata  from  them 
toward  a  well.     They  may  be  4x4x6,  6x6x8,  or  8x8x10  feet. 

Grading. — After  all  mason-work  is  done,  cistern,  vaults,  drains  and  pipes  down,  thoroughly  level, 
grade  and  clean  off  the  entire  site,  leaving  the  earth's  surface  gently  sloping  away  from  the 
house  in  all  directions  where  it  is  possible  to  do  so. 

MASON  WORK. 

No  greater  importance  attaches  to  the  necessity  for  care  in  the  selection  of  materials  and  the 
employment  of  skilled  labor  in  any  of  the  departments  of  building  than  in  this.  If  the  materials 
used  under  this  head  are  defective,  fail  of  suflicient  cohesive  power,  or  are  improperly  or  unskil- 
fully used,  and  shall  be  found  disposed  to  crumble,  crack,  or  careen  under  the  stress  of  burden  or 
climate  to  which  it  may  be  exposed,  it  becomes  at  once  disastrous  to  the  most  elegant  joinery, 
frescoing,  decoration  or  furnishing  that  can  be  used,  and  throws  the  entire  combination  out  of 
joint  until  remedied. 

Fonndations. — If  these  and  the  Cellar  "Walls  are  to  be  of  bricks,  and  the  ground  upon  which  they 
stand  is  firm  and  free  from  water-spring.  Start  on  a  double  16-inch  course,  8  inches  below 
cellar-bottom,  follow  over  with  a  double  12-inch  course,  over  which  carry  up  the  8-inch  wall. 
If  a  12-inch  wall  is  to  be  used,  foot  with  a  double  20-inch  course  under  the  double  16-inch 
courses.  The  first  described  will  answer  for  such  buildings  as  shown  in  Plates  1  and  2,  9  or 
18,  but  nothing  less  than  a  12-inch  cellar  wall  with  a  20-inch  footing  should  be  used  for  such 
as  shown  in  Plates  82  or  36.  Lay  all  below  grade  in  good  cement-mortar,  and  in  order  to 
secure  a  dry  cellar,  plaster  the  wall  with  cement-mortar  on  the  outside  to  the  surface  of  the 
earth  as  carried  up.  If  stone  is  convenient,  it  is  generally  cheaper  and  better,  and  in  case  it 
is  used,  foot  for  the  lower-priced  buildings,  on  a  good  flat  16  or  18-inch  course,  started  4  to  6 
inches  below  cellar-bottom  and  carry  up  14  or  16  inches  thick.  For  the  better  class  of  build- 
ings foot  with  an  18  to  24-inch  course,  and  carry  up  16  to  20  inches  thick.  Lay  foundations 
and  walls  in  cement-mortar,  thoroughly  break  joints  and  point  up.  If  brick  is  used  above 
the  earth's  surface,  start  the  stone  wall  so  as  to  bring  the  inside  face  of  the  brick  and  stone 
work  flush.  Properly  insert  all  openings  with  such  frames  and  sills  as  may  be  required.  If 
a  neat  appearing  as  well  as  a  good  job  is  required,  use  the  Chapman  Slate  Sills  and  Lintels 
where  they  can  be  obtained — see  Page  400. 

Piers,  Outside  Cellar  Steps  and  Walls,  Areas  and  Copings  must  all  be  thoroughly  put  up  as 
required  by  plans  and  left  complete.  In  a  climate  like  that  of  New  York,  it  is  an  act  of 
economy  to  use  good  cemcnt-morter  in  all  mason  work  exposed  to  the  weather. 

Chimneys  must  be  footed  on  good  foundations  hiid  4  to  6  inches  below  cellar-bottom,  where  shown 
by  plans.  Carry  them  up  as  near  plumb  as  the  design  will  admit  of.  Strike  off  and  stroke 
all  mortar  joints  inside  and  outside  of  flues.    Single  flues  should  be  8x8  inches,  and  double 


206  HOME     BUILDING. 

flues  8x13  inchea;  properly  build  up  breasts,  set  jambs  and  fire-places  with  secure  arches, 
prepare  for  setting  range  or  fire-place  heater,  if  required,  insert  thimbles  with  covers  where 
required,  and  top-out  above  roofs  with  selected  true,  hard  bricks,  laid  in  pure  cement  and 
sand  mortar  and  neatly  pointed.  No  woodwork  should  be  allowed  to  take  bearing  in  the 
chimneys,  and  where  chimneys  are  twisted  or  bent  out  of  plumb  they  should  be  carefully 
supported  in  such  a  manner  as  to  prevent  damage  by  shrinkage,  and  the  flues  must  be  kept 
clear  and  smooth.  Flashings  at  roofs  must  be  set  in  the  brick  joints.  All  hearth-arches  must 
be  carefully  laid  and  keyed. 

Terra  Cotta  Chimney  Tops  can  frequently  be  used  with  excellent  effect  and  decided  economy, 
especially  where  the  chimneys  project  through  in  a  conspicuous  position,  on  sharp  Gothic 
roofs,  and  where  first-class  masonry  is  not  readily  obtainable.  Also  Terra  Cotta  Flues  are 
easily  and  cheaply  used,  and  are  very  superior  in  that  they  do  not  leak  through  the  joints  like 
a  cheaply-constructed  brick  flue,  and  they  can  be  easily  procured  by  rail  at  much  less  cost 
than  brick  in  many  localities. 

The  Terra  Cotta  Works  of  0.  0.  Bowman  &  Cor,  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey — whose  card 
appears  on  page  394,  to  which  please  refer — manufactures,  from  the  superior  clays  and 
kaolins  of  that  State,  a  large  and  fine  variety  of  terra  cotta  and  other  goods  of  that 
nature;  among  which  are  Chimney  Tops,  Chimney  Flues,  Fire  Bricks,  Drain  Pipe,  Sewer 
Pipe,  Garden  Vases,  Statuary,  Rustic  Work,  and  many  other  articles  of  utility  and  ornament. 
Illustrated  circulars  and  price  lists  can  be  obtained  by  addressing  O,  O.  Bowman  &  Co., 
'  Trenton,  N.  J. ;  63  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York,  or  19  North  Seventh  Street,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  Those  who  are  engaged  in  "  Home  Building,"  and  can  conveniently  do  so,  should  call  at 
one  of  the  above  addresses  and  examine  these  goods  for-  themselves.     See  page  394. 

Cistern. — Where  a  hard  clay  sub-soil  exists,  comparatively  free  from  stones,  that  would  badly  break 
up  the  walls,  a  good  economical  cistern  can  be  made  by  grouting  the  bottom,  cutting  a  shoulder 
below  frost  line,  upon  which  to  rest  the  arch,  and  cementing  on  the  earth  walls.  If  the  above 
is  not  practicable,  grout  the  bottom  and  build  a  4-inch  brick  wall ;  thoroughly  foot  below  the  frost 
line  and  spring  the  arch  top,  and  build  up  a  30-inch  man-hole,  the  wall  of  which,  with  the 
arch,  must  be  8  inches  thick;  lay  all  brick  in  cement  mortar;  plaster  the  entire  inside  with 
best  cement  and  leave  perfectly  water-tight.  For  the  largest  sized  cisterns,  where  a  high 
regard  is  had  to  quality  without  so  much  reference  to  first  cost,  the  bottom  should  be 
thorouglily  paved,  grouted  and  cemented.  The  walls  all  of  best  hard  bricks,  8  inches  thick, 
laid  in  best  cement,  filled  behind  against  earth,  tight,  with  cement  groute  well  thrust  down 
with  trowel,  arch  carefully  footed  below  frost  line,  and,  after  completing  it  with  a  84  inch 
man-hole,  plaster  both  of  them  outside  with  cement  and  let  it  partially  harden  before  filling  in 
earth;  plaster  the  entire  inside  with  best  Portland  cement  and  cover  the  man-hole  with  a  flag- 
stone laid  in  a  bed  of  cement  mortar,  or  with  a  good  plank  cover.  Inlet  pipes  of  vitrified 
earthenware  must  be  laid  from  leaders  to  cistern,  of  suitable  sizes,  which  must  have  all  joints 
tightly  cemented.  Over-flow  pipe  from  cistern  to  over-flow  pit,  must  be  of  vitrified  pipes  of 
a  capacity  suflBicient  to  carry  off  water  about  as  fast  as  the  inlet  pipes  could  introduce  it.  All 
pipes  must  be  carefully  cemented  in,  and  should  be  below  the  frost  line.  A  roof  80x30  feet  re- 
quires two  three-inch  inlet  pipes ;  one  30x40  demands  two  four-inch  inlet  pipes,  and  one  40x50 
feet  should  have  two  six-inch  pipes.  All  should  diminish  in  size  as  they  proceed  from  the 
first  to  the  second  leaders,  from  second  to  third,  and  so  on. 

The  Over-Flow  Pit  should  be  stoned  up  with  a  substantial  wall  laid  without  mortar,  except  the 
arch,  which  should  be  laid  in  cement  mortar  and  closed  over  tight,  80  inches  below  the  surface 
in  northern  climates.  No  pipes  but  those  which  bring  the  overflow  from  the  cistern  must  be 
allowed  to  approach  it.     It  is  best  to  make  it  circular  in  form. 

Filtering. — Provisions  for  filtering  should  be  provided  in  all  cisterns  when  it  is  the  intention  to  use 
the  water  for  drinking  purposes.  Among  the  plans  in  use,  the  following  are,  perhaps,  as 
simple  as  any,  viz:  after  the  cittern  is  fully  completed  and  cemented,  carefully  build  a  4-inch 


HOME      BUILDING.  ,  207 

wall  of  selected,  middling  hard,  not  flinty  bricks,  in  the  form  of  a  segment  of  a  circle,  letting 
one  end  start  against  the  side  wall,  and  sweep  around  the  other,  returning  it  to  the  side  wall 
about  five  feet  distant  from  the  point  of  starting.     Lay  this  wall  up  in  plaster  of  Paris,  or  in 
cement,  keeping  the  joints  well  filled,  but  close  as  possible,  and  avoid  any  plastering  on  either 
side  of  the  bricks,  carry  it  up  to  the  arch,  complete.      This  chamber  .should  be  next  to  the 
house,  and  the  pump  pipe  should  be  introduced  into  it,  having  also  a  pipe  into  the  main 
chamber  with  a  well  and  rain-water  cock,  so  as  to  draw  from  either  at  will.      The  inlet  pipes 
would  all  enter  the  main  chamber.     Another  plan  is  to  form  a  circular  basin  in  the  center,  or 
at  one  side  of  the  bottom  of  the  cistern,  in  the  center  of  which  a  perforated  earthen  jug  is 
placed,  in  the  neck  of  which  the  cistern  pipe  is  introduced  and  cemented,  and  the  basin — 
which  should  be  a  few  inches  deeper  than  the  jug  is  high — is  tlien  filled  witli  fine,  well-washed 
gravel  and  charcoal,  the  top  being  covered  closely  even  with  the  bottom  of  the  cistern,  with 
fine  gravel,  in  case  this  filtering  material  should  become  foul  it  can  be  readily  removed  at  any 
low  stage  of  water,  and  fresh  material  introduced,  for  which  reason  it  is  probably  the  best. 
Vaults,  for  cesspool,  or  outside  privy  purposes,  must  be  carefully  walled  up  with  stone  laid  dry  to 
within  three  feet  of  the  surface  of  tlie  earth,  where  commence  laying  in  cement  mortar  and 
continue  to  a  point  four  to  six  inches  above  final  surface.     If  the  wall  is  of  brick,  make  it 
eight  inches  thick,  and  lay  in  cement  mortar  complete.      If  the  vault  or  cesspool  is  to  be 
covered  over  below  the  surface,  arch  the  top  thoroughly,  leave  a  man-hole  and  cover  it  with 
a  flat  stone,  or  with  three-inch  plank  of  some  wood  that  resists  decay.     Ventilators  for  cess- 
pools that  are  covered  over  tight  should  never  be  omitted,  and  may  be  effected  by  utilizing 
the  sewer,  or  large  waste  pipe  from  the  house,  for  the  purpose,  by  tapping  it  with  a  two  or 
three  inch  pipe,  which  must  be  brought  up  in  a  position  that  Avill  admit  of  its  beinc  con- 
nected with  the  kitchen  chimney  flue,  or  with  a  pipe  passing  up  the  outside  wall,  throuo-h 
the  roof,  eight  inches,  and  topping  out  with  a  cross,  or  T  section. 

Soil-Pipes,  that  pass  from  the  house  to  cesspool  or  vault,  should  be  at  least  four  inches,  or  if  six  or 
eight  inches,  it  would  be  better,  of  Vitrifled  Earthenware— see  O.  O.  Bowman  &  Co.'s  card, 
page  394— and  all  joints  must  be  carefully  cemented.  The  incline  from  the  house  to  cesspool 
should  be  one  inch  in  four  feet,  at  least,  and  the  more  the  better. 

Grouting.— On  soils  that  incline  to  be  wet  and  springy,  in  the  wet  seasons  of  the  year,  the  cellar 
should  be  thoroughly  grouted  with  broken  stones,  or  clean  gravel,  and  cement  mortar  from 
three  to  six  inches  deep,  according  to  the  quality  of  the  job  desired,  and  plastered  on  top  with 
cement  from  a  quarter  to  one  inch  thick,  and  undcr-drains  should  pass  around  and  across  the 
cellar  under  the  grout.  A  perfectly  dry  locality  does  not  require  such  precaution.  In  frame 
houses,  it  is  desirable  to  guard  against  rats  and  mice  getting  up  the  walls  from  the  cellar  as 
well  to  exclude  a  great  amount  of  cold  air  in  tiie  Winter  season,  which  blows  in  under  and 
especially  over  the  sills,  this  is  effectually  and  cheaply  done  by  thoroughly  filling  the  space 
over  the  sills,  and  walls,  up  close  to  the  floor  with  a  cheap  grout  and  troweling  it  up  smooth 
in  cellar.  It  should  be  done  after  the  floors  are  laid  and  before  the  walls  are  lathed,  and  the 
grout  should  come  up  to  the  top  of  the  floor  lino,  tight,  behind  the  bases. 

Drainage  is  among  the  most  important  matters  inconnection  with  a  dwelling-house  and  its  grounds. 
The  trenches  should  be  about  three  feet  deep— or  deeper  if  practicable— should  have  a  good 
descent,  be  laid  with  drain-tile  and  half  filled  with  stone,  if  convenient;  if  tile  cannot  be  had 
use  stone,  forming  a  water-channel  in  the  bottom  by  placing  side  stones,  three  to  four  inches 
from  each  other,  covering  with  larger  and  as  flat  stones  as  can  be  had,  and  then  half  filling  the 
trenches  with  stones  before  filling  in  earth.  These  trenches  should  be  ample  for  the  complete 
drying  of  the  site.     They  will  save  more  than  their  cost  in  doctors  bills  in  a  few  years. 


208  '     HOME     BUILDING. 

LATHING    AND    PLASTERING. 

All  walla  should  be  .cajefuJly  examined,  leveled  and  plumbed,  by  the  use  of  the  adds  and 
furrings,  before  putting  on  lath.  Outside  brick  or  stone  walls  carefully  furred  with  1  or 
IJxlf  or  3-inch  furring  strips,  16  inches  from  centers,  thoroughly  nailed  on.  In  the  better 
class  of  houses,  the  ceilings  should  all  be  cross  furred,  and  certainly  the  parlors,  before 
lathing.  After  which,  thoroughly  lath  all  walls  and  ceilings,  breaking  courses  every  15  to24inches, 
and  nail  all  on  in  the  best  manner.  Spruce  laths  are  better  than  pine.  All  angles  and  corners  must 
be  carefully  locked.  Thoroughly  plaster  all  walls  and  ceilings,  with  mortar  properly  prepared  of 
lime  and  sand;  two  good  coats,  guagtd,  floated  and  finished  hard  and  white,  with  hard  finish,  in  the 
most  workmanlike  manner.  Closets  may  all  be  laid  off  one  coat  and  hard  finished  white.  Cellar 
ceiling  also  laid  oflE  one  coat  in  best  manner,  and  finished  hard  and  white.  In  such  houses  as 
Plates  Nos.  1  and  2,  one  good  coat  well  laid  off  and  finished  with  hard  finish,  white,  is  sufficient, 
especially  in  mild  climates.  The  scratch  coat  must  be  well  tempered  with  hair,  or  other  suitable 
material,  such  as  vegetable  fibre. 

Stucco  Cornices  of  suitable  sizes,  with  center-pieces,  and  other  plaster  ornaments,  as  may  be  required 
by  plans  or  owners,  must  be  carefully  and  securely  put  up  in  halls,  parlors,  and  other  rooms, 
as  desired.  These  articles,  of  a  superior  make  and  design,  can  be  obtained  of  T.  B.  Stewart 
&  Co.  See  their  card  on  page  393.  Touch  up  complete  after  all  other  mechanics,  and  remove 
all  rubbish  from  premises. 

CARPENTER    WORK. 

In  the  erection  of  frame  buildings,  the  carpenter  is  most  generally  the  contractor  for  the 
entire  job,  sub-letting  to  the  other  trades  their  portion  of  the  work,  for  which  reason  we  have  felt 
constrained  to  place  here  a  word  which  may  serve  as  caution  or  advice.  In  over  twenty  years'  ex- 
perience, and  extended  observation,  from  one  side  of  the  States  to  the  other,  we  have  never  known 
it  fail  to  result  as  the  most  economical  course  to  employ  the  very  best,  most  honest  and  straight- 
forward carpenters,  or  other  mechanics,  that  can  be  obtained  on  the  work  in  hand.  They  generally 
command  the  best  prices,  but  they  are  invariably  the  cheaper  in  the  end. 

Timber. — This  will  of  necessity  vary  in  different  localities;  whether  it  be  spruce,  pine,  hemlock, 
beech,  tulip  or  red-wood,  care  should  be  taken  to  select  that  which  is  free  from  symptoms  of 
decay,  bad  wind  shakes  or  considerable  cracks  and  dangerous  knots. 

Sizes  must  be  governed  by  the  dimensions  of  the  building  and  style  of  frame,  whether  balloon  or 
skeleton.  For  Plates  1  and  2,  use  sills  3x7  inches;  girders,  4x6  inches  on  edge;  first  beams, 
2x9  inches,  doubled  under  partitions  and  through  center  of  parlor;  second  beams,  2x8  inches; 
do.,  do.,  all  bridged;  wall  strips,  2x4  inches;  plates,  4x4  inches;  rafters,  2x6  or  seven  inches; 
all  placed  16  incites  from  centers,  thoroughly  put  the  frame  together  in  the  very  best  manner 
on  the  balloon  system,  and  sheath  it  with  hemlock  boards  or  their  equivalent.  For  Plates 
6,  12  or  18,  use  sills  4x7  inches;  6x6  inch  girders;  2x10  inch  beams  on  the  first  floor,  doubled 
and  spiked  together  under  partitions  and  through  centers  of  rooms;  second  floor  beams  2x9 
inches ;  do. ,  do. ,  corner  posts,  4x6  inches,  with  strips  2x4  inches  spiked  on  return  sides ;  inter-ties 
over  baj-^s,  4x7  inches;  wall  strips,  2x4  inches;  plates,  4x4  inches;  rafters,  2x7  inches;  all  16 
inches  from  centers,  floor  beams  all  herring-bone  bridged  through  centers  of  room;  partitions 
thoroughly  truss  braced,  and  all  corners  of  house  braced  with  long  braces  on  each  side  of 
corner  posts,  gained  in  flush;  frame  to  be  sheathed  with  common  matched  and  faced  boards, 
and  all  most  thoroughly  spiked  together  on  the  balloon  system.  For  Plates  32,  36  or  37,  where 
a  12-inch  foundation  wall  is  used,  the  sills  should  be  4x10  inches;  first  and  second  floor- 
beams,  2x10  inches;  every  fourth  beam  doubled  and  spiked  together;  also  double  under  all 
partitions;  girders,  6x8  inches;  corner  posts,  5x6  inches,  with  outside  wall  strips,  2x5  inches; 
partition  wall  strips,  2x4  inches;  plates,  4x6  inches;  rafters,  2x7  inches;  all  16  inches  from 


HOME      BUILDING.  209 

centers;  herring-bone  bridge  through  centers  of  all  rooms  thoroughly;  truss  brace  partions; 
brace  walls  and  sheath  the  outside  of  the  frame  and  roof  with  matched  and  faced  boards 
complete.  For  skeleton  frames  in  either  of  the  above  houses,  the  corner  posts  should  be  a 
quarter  heavier,  with  intermediate  posts;  the  sills  would  also  be  heavier,  and  inter-ties  from 
4x6  to  5x8,  with  4x6  plates  would  be  used. 

Sheathing  Paper.— Cover  the  entire  outside  of  the  frame  with  resonated  cane  fibre,  felt  sheathing 
paper  over  the  sheathing  boards,  taking  care  to  cause  the  lower  edge  to  cover  below  the 
bottoms  of  the  sills,  half  an  inch;  wrap  well  over  corners  and  in  angles  under  the  trim;  also 
cover  under  the  cornices  and  see  that  all  edges  are  well  lapped.  Use  the  Cane  Fibre  Felt, 
manufactured  by  the  Virginia  Cane  Fibre  Co.,  for  which  Chas.  W.  West,  48  Broad  St., 
New  York,  is  general  agent.  See  their  card  on  page  414.  These  goods  have  been  in  use  under 
our  observation  for  several  years,  and  we  have  been  able  to  fully  decide  as  to  their  quality, 
economy  and  usefulness.  They  can  be  obtained  as  above,  or  of  the  special  agents  in  all  our 
large  cities,  and  should  never  be  omitted  from  a  frame  house  in  any  of  the  Northern  States, 
or  from  under  the  slate  of  any  roof.  Back  plastering  or  brick  filling  is  not  needful  where 
proper  attention  is  given  to  sheathing  with  matched  boards,  and  covering  with  resonated 
cane  fibre  felt,  lapping  i*;  double,  which  makes  a  stronger,  warmer  house. 

Outside  Trim. — Cornices,  brackets,  all  ornaments,  weather-boarding,  dormers,  towers,  piazzas, 
bay-windows,  caps,  hoods,  moldings,  finials,  steps  and  buttresses,  balustrades,  balconies, 
and  all  other  outside  finish  and  ornamentation  which  the  plans  and  elevations  determine, 
must  be  carefully  worked  out  according  to  them,  put  up  in  a  thorough  workmanlike  manner, 
of  good  suitable  materials,  as  may  be  required  in  specifications. 

Moldings  and  Brackets  can  always  be  obtained  of  heavy,  reliable  manufacturers,  of  much  better 
designs,  and  at  decidedly  lower  figures  than  they  can  be  produced  at  in  the  shop,  and  builders 
should  not  fail  to  take  every  advantage  of  the  fact.  For  any  locality,  not  too  far  from  New 
York  City,  C.  B.  Keogh  &  Co.,  254  and  256  Canal  St.,  S.  W.  cor.  of  Elm  Street,  New 
York,  can  furnish  better  work  at  better  prices  than  any  of  the  many  extensive  manufacturers 
with  which  we  are  acquainted.     See  their  card  on  page  407. 

Roofing. — To  have  a  good  roof,  and  one  that  will  prove  most  economical  in  the  end,  good  and  suit- 
able materials  and  skilled  labor  must  be  used  in  producing  it.  The  buildings  represented  in 
Plate  4  were  covered  with  H.  W.  Johns'  Patent  Asbestos  Roofing,  and  have  never  been 
known  to  leak  in  the  slightest  degree,  although  they  have  been  in  use  about  four  y§ars.  They 
were  sheathed  with  rough  hemlock  boards  on  a  pitch  of  18  inches  to  25  feet,  the  water  being 
all  thrown  to  the  rear  into  a  V  gutter  which  was  lined  with  tin.  The  roofing  material  was 
then  rolled  out  in  courses,  lapping  about  one  inch,  well  nailed  down,  and  over  all  two 
good  coats  of  roofing  paint  or  cement  was  applied.  The  cost  of  these  roofs  was  less  than 
seven  cents  a  foot,  while  at  that  time  a  tin  roof  would  have  cost  13  cents  a  foot.  The  above 
is  only  one  of  many  examples  we  might  give.  The  materials  are  as  easily  applied  to  pitch- 
roofs  as  to  flat  ones,  and  are  admirably  adapted  to  repairing  old  roofs,  leaky  tin  roofs,  or  to 
sheathing  under  slate  roofs.  H.  W.  Johns  also  manufactures  many  other  articles  of  great 
value  to  the  "  Home  Builder."    See  his  card  on  page  409. 

Tin  Roofs.— The  deck  and  piazza  roofs,  valleys,  gutters  and  flashings  of  the  houses  represented  in 
Plates  Nos.  7,  15,  32  and  37,  were  all  of  best  I.  C.  Rooflng  Tin,  all  thoroughly  soldered  and 
secured  to  the  roofs  in  the  best  manner.  Great  care  should  be  exercised  in  the  selection  of 
tin,  and  the  employment  of  skilled  workmen  in  connection  with  metal  roofs;  a  poor  tin-roof 
is  about  as  poor  a  xoof  as  can  be  put  on  a  house,  it  costs  nearly  double  that  of  one  of  the 
Asbestos  roofs,  and  is  really  inferior  in  quality;  whereas  a  good  tin  roof,  if  properly  put  on, 
will  last  as  long  as  the  house  if  it  is  reasonably  cared  for.  We  know  of  tin  roofs  that  have 
been  in  use  for  over  30  years,  and  are  apparently  as  good  as  ever,  while  we  have  known  of 
others  that  had  to  be  pulled  oflf  within  10  years  from  the  time  tbey  were  put  on.  Mr.  M. 
Halladay,  218  East  Ninth  Street,  New  York,  is  a  Slate  and  .Metal  Roofer  that  can  be 


210  HOME      BUILDING. 

depended  upon  to  put  on  a  metal  roof,  or  to  put  up  Galvanized  Iron  or  other  Metal  Cornices, 
Moldings,  Gutters,  and  Leaders.  He  is  also  the  agent  for  Austin  Obdyke  &  Co.'s  Patent 
Con'ug'ated  Expanding  Leader,  which  is  an  article  of  great  service  •  where  freezing 
frequently  occurs.  It  is  very  destructive  to  buildings  to  allow  bursted  gutters  to  leak  down 
their  sides  in  freezing  and  thawing  weather,  besides  it  is  very  annoying.  The  above  leaders 
are  not  materially  dearer  than  plain  ones,  and  effectually  obviate  the  danger  of  bursting  by 
ice.     See  Mr.  Halliday's  card  on  page  408. 

Skylights. — In  the  flat  roofs  of  Nos.  23,  24  and  32,  skylights  were  introduced  over  the  halls  with 
ventilators.  George  Hayes,  71  Eighth  Avenue,  New  York,  and  30  Harriet  Street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. ,  makes  a  specialty  of  this  line  of  manufactures.  His  work  is  produced  on  the 
most  approved  systems,  and  embraces  a  great  variety  of  designs  for  Skylights,  Perforated 
Metallic  Shutters  and  Blinds,  Snow -Proof  Louvre  Ventilators,  and  other  articles  for  dwelling- 
houses,  stores,  offices,  factories,  and  other  buildings,  all  of  which  he  can  put  up  greatly  to 
the  advantage  of  the  owner  over  ordinary  shops.     See  his  card  on  Page  394. 

Slate  Roofs. — The  houses  represented  in  Plates  Nos.  6,  12,  18,  27,  33,  36  and  others,  are  covered 
over  resonated  cane  roofing-felt  with  best  Chapman  Slate  put  on  with  galvanized  roofing- 
nails,  in  figures  and  colors  to  suit  the  designs.  These  roofs,  if  properly  laid  and  nailed  on, 
are  more  durable  and  handsome  than  any  other  in  use  in  this  country;  beside,  the  water 
which  is  caught  from  them  is  pure,  clear,  and  healthful.  The  extensive  mines  and  works  of 
the  Chapman  Slate  Company  are  located  at  Bethlehem,  Northampton  Co.,  Penn.,  their  New 
York  Office  and  Yard  at  503,  505  and  507  West  Street,  with  Mr.  "William  Stoneback,  agent. 
See  their  card  on  page  400.  This  concern,  as  will  be  seen  by  their  card,  manufacture  their 
superior  quality  of  non-fading  slate  into  a  variety  of  exceedingly  useful  forms,  which  they 
sell  at  low  rates,  and  ship  to  all  parts  of  the  country.  The  articles  made  from  this  slate  are 
exceedingly  strong,  neat  and  durable,  and  are  acquiring  a  widespread,  well-deserved  popu- 
larity. The  tenacity  with  which  this  particular  quarry  of  slate  retains  its  color  under  heat, 
cold,  rain  and  sunshine  is  one  of  the  remarkable  features  in  connection  therewith.  We  have 
had  it  in  use  on  buildings  for  many  years,  and  its  apppearance  is  as  fresh  and  bright  as  when 
first  laid,  while  other  slates,  on  buildings  near  at  hand,  are  faded  in  spots  to  a  light  grey. 

Crestings  and  Finials. — Plates  Nos.  6,  7,  12,  19,  27,  and  several  others,  have  their  deck  cornices 
ornamented  with  Metal  Crestings  and  Finials.  They  are  carefully  and  securely  put  up,  and 
braced  with  rubber  washers  under  the  footings,  which  effectually  prevents  leakage,  and  are 
much  more  handsome  than  anything  made  in  wood,  while  they  possess  the  durability  of  iron. 
Mr.  J.  W.  Fiske,  21  and  23  Barclay  Street,  and  26  and  28  Park  Place,  corner  of  Church  Street, 
New  York,  manufactures  a  great  variety  of  beautifully  designed  Crestings,  Finials,  and 
many  other  kinds  of  ornamental  and  useful  Iron  and  Zinc  Goods.  See  his  card  on  page  392. 
These  goods  can  be  ordered  by  mail  by  first  securing  a  catalogue  and  selecting  to  suit,  and 
full  instructions  will  be  sent  with  the  goods  to  insure  their  being  properly  put  up;  thus 
affording  those  who  may  need  such  articles  to  complete  their  buildings  or  ornament  their 
grounds  the  opportunity  of  obtaining  them,  at  first  cost,  of  an  extensive  and  reliable  manu- 
facturer. In  selecting  Crestings  or  Finials  avoid  the  use  of  designs  that  are  excessively  filled 
up  with  objects,  as  a  clear,  bold  outline,  with  two  or  three  distinct  characteristics,  produces 
much  the  finest  effect  when  up.  In  painting,  a  deep  blue  with  gilt  tips  is  most  appropriate. 
For  ridge  crestings  on  cottages  and  small  villas,  8  to  15  inches  is  a  proper  range  of  hight,  while 
for  those  on  French  roofs,  15  to  30  inches  is  a  suitable  range  of  bights  for  those  on  dwelling- 
houses,  varying  in  cost  from  $3,000  to  $20,000.  Finials  on  the  corners  should  be  from  one-third 
to  one-half  higher  than  the  crestings,  while  those  mounting  the  pinnacles  of  towers,  &c., 
should  be  equal  in  hight  to  about  one-half  of  the  diameter  of  the  tower-shaft.  The  cresting 
illustrated  on  page  392  is  a  good  example  of  proportion  and  design. 

Lightning  Rods. — These  protections  should  be  properly  and  carefully  put  up,  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  form  a  complete  circuit  over  the  building  being  protected.     If  a  continuous  rod,  five-eights 


HOME      BUILDING.  211 

to  three-quarters  of  an  inch  thick,  well  galvanized,  is  run  entirely  around  the  deck,  through 
the  cresting,  being  connected  at  all  joints  with  screw-sleeves;  has  upright  points  connecting 
at  finials,  also  rods  with  points  extending  from  it  for  the  chimineys,  and  has  suitable  lightning 
rods  connecting  with  it  at  opposite  angles  of  the  house  passing  down  into  the  earth  below 
the  line  of  the  cellar  bottom,  it  Avill  afford  as  perfect  a  protection  against  lightning  as  can  be 
provided  with  the  same  amount  of  rodding.  Avoid  running  lightning  rods  into  the  earth  near 
cisterns,  cesspools  or  wells,  as  there  is  danger  of  having  their_^walls  broken  by  the  precipitious 
rush  of  the  lightning  for  the  water.  Mr.  A.  Simon,  whose  card  appears  on  page  402,  is  an 
old  and  well-known  manufacturer  of  lightning  rods.  We  have  known  great  damage  to  result 
to  bu'ldings,  from  the  neglect  of  properly  rodding  or  the  care  of  rods  when  up.     See  page  402. 

Floors. — Level  all  beams  and  see  that  all  the  bridgings  are  properly  set  and  thoroughly  nailed  in, 
use  the  best  of  the  lot  of  flooring  for  the  job  on  the  first  floor,  reserving  the  poorest  for  the 
attic.  Use  good,  sound  material,  carefully  tongued  and  grooved,  and  faced  to  even  thick- 
nesses, six  inches  wide  and  one  inch  thick  is  as  good  a  condition  in  which  to  use  flooring 
as  any  other.  Spruce,  pine,  or  other  woods  can  be  used  us  may  be  most  readily  obtained. 
Where  positively  dry,  healthy  rooms  are  wanted,  use  a  cheap  material  for  laying  first  fioor, 
and  after  the  plastering  is  complete,  cover  it  with  resonated  cane  fibre  felt — see  page  414 — 
and  lay  over  that  the  final  floor.  For  Parquet  Floors— see  page  406.  For  area  floors,  where 
a  first-class  job  is  desirable,  use  Chapman's  Slate  Flagging:— see  page  400.  All  pipes  for 
plumbing  and  gas  should  be  in  before  laying  the  floors,  and  carefully  protected.  Ver- 
andah, piazza,  porch,  and  all  other  floors  exposed  to  the  weather,  should  be  laid  of  1^-inch 
plank,  4  inches  wide,  tongue  and  grooved,  and  laid  with  whitelead  in  grooves. 

Windows. — The  plans  and  elevations  should  determine  the  position,  style,  and  size  of  all  windows. 
Sash  for  cheap  houses  IJ  inches  thick,  for  good  houses  1^  inches  thick,  and  for  the  best 
houses  If  inches  thick.  Hang  all  sash  with  good  cords,  cast-iron  weights,  with  cast  eyes, 
over  strong,  suitable  pulleys — see  James  Marshall's  card  on  page  410.  Glass  is  an  article 
that  should  be  carefully  chosen  and  obtained,  if  possible,  of  reliable  dealers — for  whfch  reason 
we  have  inserted  Mr.  James  H.  Pollion's  card  on  page  398— which  please  see.  Whatever 
grade  of  glass  is  chosen,  thoroughly  pin  and  putty  it  in,  with  the  convex  side  out.  A  good 
quality  of  glass  is  more  economical  to  use  than  a  poor  quality,  beside  the  effect  of  looking 
out  through  poor,  blistered  glass  is  degrading.  In  extremely  cold  localities  where  strong, 
cold  winds  are  likely  to  prevail,  double-sash  may  be  used  to  advantage,  or  if  If-inch  sash  is 
used  it  may  be  glazed  on  both  sides,  in  which  case  the  very  best  French  sheet  or  plate  glass 
should  be  provided. 

Doors. — Great  care  should  be  observed  in  locating  and  hanging  these  objects  of  vital  importance. 
A  careful  study  of  the  plans  as  to  the  best  and  most  convenient  point  in  the  walls  at  which 
the  openings  may  be  made,  keeping  in  view  the  side  at  which  the  doors  could  best  hang, 
should  be  made  before  the  work  is  commenced.  For  such  buildings  as  are  presented  in  Plates 
Nos.  9,  13,  or  18,  all  closet  doors  may  be  IJ-inch,  front  hall  door  If-inch,  and  all  other  doors 
li  inches  thick;  all  should  be  four-panel,  neatly  molded,  made  of  thoroughly  dry  materials, 
and  put  together  in  the  best  manner.  The  front  door  may  be  enriched,  furnished  with 
ground,  ornamented,  or  figured  glass  as  preferred.  Embossed  Glass  for  vestibule  doors, 
windows,  transoms,  or  anj^  other  purposes,  of  most  beautiful  designs,  can  be  obtained  of 
Tilghman's  Sand  Blast  Works,  81,  83  and  85  Centre  Street,  New  York.  See  their  card  on 
page  395.  The  method  of  embossing  glass  as  practised  by  this  establishment  is  entirely 
different  from  that  generally  pursued.  The  figures  are  laid  on  by  the  designer,  in  wax  and 
asphaltum,  veiy  much  in  the  ordinary  way,  leaving  that  part  of  the  glass  exposed  which  it  is 
desirable  to  remove,  and  when  the  light  is  ready  foi  cutting,  it  is  subjected  to  a  blast  of  fine, 
sharp  sand  which  rapidly  cuts  away  that  portion  which  is  exposed  in  a  sharp,  even  manner, 
superior  to  that  cut  by  acids.  The  facilities  afforded  for  cutting  glass  by  this  process  enables 
this  concern  to  most  successfully  compete  with  all  others,  both  in  designs  and  prices.     Designs 


212  HOME      BUILDIK^ 

sent  by  mail  can  be  executed  and  the  glass  shipped,  although  all  who  can  do  so  should  call  at 
the  works  and  examine  the  operations  of  this  interesting  invention. 

All  doors  should  be  carefully  hung  with  such  butts  and  provided  with  such  locks,  knobs, 
and  furniture  as  may  bo  desired  by  tlie  owner.  Before  setting  the  architraves,  see  that  the 
door-frames  are  well  blocked  behind  the  points  at  which  the  butts  will  be  placed.  Sliding 
doors  must  be  properly  mounted  on  good  .sheaves  and  metal  rails,  and  properly  furnished. 
When  setting  the  partitions  in  which  tliey  run,  2x4-inch  sticks  should  bs  set,  in  proper  posi- 
tions, to  act  as  stops,  and  be  fastened  at  both  ends  only,  so  that  when  struck  by  the  hard- 
wood pins,  which  should  be  adjusted  iu  the  centers  of  the  back  edges  of  each  door,  they 
should  spring,  and  on  straightening  cause  the  door  slightly  to  rebound.  Cellar-doors  for  out- 
side cellar-way,  must  be  carefully  put  in  and  completed  as  required  by  plans,  provided  with 
good  inside  fastenings  and  left  complete.  Trap-doors,  scuttles,  sash  doors,  transoms,  and 
any  other  special  doors,  must  be  completed  as  shown  in  plans, 

*'  Blinds,  Outside  and  Inside,  as  may  be  determined  by  the  owner,  should  be  required  in  the  specifi- 
cations, thoroughly  hung,  and  provided  with  good  fastenings,  which  cannot  be  opened  from 
the  outside.  For  a  reliable  manufacturer  of  Sash,  Doors,  in  great  varietj^  for  all  purposes. 
Blinds  for  outside  or  inside  use,  Xewels  and  Stair  Rails  and  other  goods  of  this  character,  see 
Mr.  C.  B.  Keogli  &  Co.'s  card  on  page  407. 
Hardware. — As  a  rule  the  most  expensive  character  of  Locks,  Knobs,  and  other  furniture  in  the 
line  of  Builders'  Hardware,  is  that  which  is  sold  fo^'  the  smallest  sums;  especially  does  this 
rule  apply  to  Locks  which  are  likely  to  be  in  constant  daily  use.  These  goods  should  be 
selected  with  a  view  to  durability,  as  there  is  nothing  of  a  corresponding  expense  which  gives 
house-keepers  so  much  annoyance  as  to  have  the  locks  and  fastenings  getting  out  of  order. 
The  goods  sold  by  James  Marshall,  and  recommended  by  him,  can  be  depended  upon  as  first- 
class.     See  his  card  on  page  410. 

INSIDE  mnsH  xmt  fittings. 

The  bights  of  the  ceilings,  as  well  as  the  general  character  of  the  building,  should  enter  into 
the  consideration  when  collecting  designs,  and  especially  the  weight  of  moldings  and  breadths  of 
casings  for  the  architraves. 

Bases,  in  such  houses  as  are  shown  in  Plates  1  and  2,  may  be  from  6  to  8  inches  high,  including  a 
light  molding.  In  such  buildings  as  are  shown  in  Plates  12  to  32,  the  bases  should  be  10  to  12 
inches  high,  with  proper  moldings,  on  the  first  floor  and  8  to  10  inches  on  second  floors. 
In  Nos.  1  and  2,  architraves  may  be  4J  to  6  inches,  including  moldings;  and  in  Nos.  12 
to  32,  they  should  be  G  to  8  inches,  including  moldings,  which  should  be  quite  rich  in  32.  In 
all  cases  the  materials  should  be  thoroughly  dry,  and  put  up  in  a  complete  workmanlike 
manner.  All  of  these  articles  can  be  obtained  of  C.  B.  Keogh  &  Co.,  ready  to  be  put  up. 
See  page  407. 

Closets  should  all  be  completely  shelved,  fitted  up  with  drawers,  strips,  and  good,  strong  wardrobe 
hooks,  as  the  case  may  require,  and  left  complete  as  directed  by  owner  or  specifications. 
Drawers,  Dressers,  Sinks,  Wash-Trays,  Wash-Stands,  BathRooms,  Water-Closets,  and  Tanks 
must  be  properlj'  consti-ucted  as  required,  and  left  in  complete  readiness  for  the  plumber. 

Wainscots. — It  is  profitable  to  wainscot  Kitchens,  Laundries,  Halls,  Pantries,  Bath-rooms,  Dining- 
Rooms,  Sitting-Rooms,  and  Libraries,  in  some  manner.  Kitchens,  &c.,  maybe  wainscoted 
with  very  cheap  materials  in  a  plain  manner,  but  main  halls  and  sitting-rooms  should  be  done 
neatly.  We  have  had  large  experience  with  the  wainscotings  manufactured  by  J.  W. 
Boughton,  and  would  recommend  them  to  all  who  desire  to  use  such  an  article.  See  page  324 
and  page  406. 


HOME      BUILDING.  213 

Dnnib  Waiters  are  great  conveniences  in  dwelling-houses,  and  should  he  carefully  constructed  so  as 
to  run  from  the  cellar  to  the  chamber  floor  where  used.  Mr.  A.  Cannon,  jr.,  is  the  inventor 
of  an  Improved  Dumb-Waiter.     See  bottom  of  page  358. 

Mantels. — These  objects  of  utility  and  ornament  are  manufactured  in  great  variety  by  extensive 
dealers,  and  can  generally  be  provided  by  the  owner  more  satisfactorily  to  himself  tlian  to 
make  provision  for  the  contractor  to  supply  them;  beside,  in  so  doing,  he  may  generally 
obtain  a  portion  if  not  all  of  the  discounts  allowed  to  dealers.  Where  the  owner  does  not 
furnish  the  mantels,  it  is  well  to  specify  the  amount  which  each  mantel  and  setting  shall  cost, 
requiring  the  contractor  to  set  complete.  Great  improvements  have  been  made  in  the  manu- 
facture of  mantels  during  the  past  15  years,  and  prominent  among  those  who  have  met  with 
great  and  meritorious  success  in  Marbleizing  Slate,  and  in  producing  a  wonderful  variety  of 
beautiful  combinations  of  color  and  form  in  slate,  pure  white  and  clouded  marbles,  and  in 
hard  woods,  T.  B.  Stewart  &  Co.  stand  foremost.  We  have  dealt  with  this  house  over  12 
years,  and  have  never  in  a  single  instance  been  deceived  or  disappointed.  They  manufacture 
on  a  large  scale,  and  always  have  on  hand,  in  their  stores  at  220  and  222  West  Twenty-third 
Street,  New  York,  an  extensive  variety  of  goods  ready  for  shipment,  at  the  very  lowest  rates 
for  such  articles.     See  their  card  on  page  393. 

Grates. — These  heating  appliances  should  be  secured  with  the  mantels  and  frames,  and  in  case 
grates  are  not  to  be  used,  the  space  may  be  filled  with  a  Summer-piece  containing  a  mirror  or 
ornamental  iron-work  as  preferred.  See  page  415.  One  of  the  best  substitutes  for  grates  we 
have  ever  met  with  is  the  *'  Fire-on-the-Heartli  Parlor  Stove.''  It  is  seldom  we  find  substi- 
tutes equal  to  the  thing  substituted,  but  in  this  case  the  substitute  is  not  only  equal  but  in 
many  respects  superior  to  the  article  it  replaces.     See  page  414. 

Staircases. — Among  the  arrangements  of  dwelling-houses  which  maybe  made  very  useful  as  well  as 
ornamental,  or  otherwise,  there  are  none  of  more  importance  than  stairs.  They  should  be 
allowed  easy  space,  and  placed  so  as  to  reach  the  greatest  number  of  rooms  with  the  least 
amount  of  travel.  In  dwelling-houses,  7-inch  risers  with  9-inch  treads,  without  the  nosings, 
is  as  near  a  perfect  method  as  round  numbers  will  bring  it.  They  should  be  thoroughly  put 
up,  supported,  blocked  and  glued  in  the  best  manner,  and  trimmed  to  suit. 

Newels  should  be  made  neat  objects  of  ornament,  without  being  unduly  obtruded  upon  the  space 
required  for  convenient  entrance  or  upon  the  notice  of  the  person  entering  the  house.  Stair 
rails  must  be  carefully  hung,  with  ballusters  to  suit,  complete.  See  page  407.  Cellar  stairs 
are  seldom  allowed  that  amount  of  ease  as  to  space  and  form  their  importance  demands. 
They  should  be  strongly  constructed  on  an  easy  rise  and  tread,  and  be  allowed  at  least  three 
feet  in  width.  In  many  dwellings  there  is  more  use  made  of  the  cellar  stairs  than  any  other 
flight  in  the  house,  while  at  the  sarne  time  they  are  exceedingly  cramped  and  oppressive. 
The  carpenter  must  be  required  to  do  all  carpenter  work  necessary  for  the  full  and  complete 
finishing  of  the  entire  building  in  all  its  parts,  outside  and  inside  ;  also,  for  all  fittings,  and 
all  work  required  to  permit  of  the  plumbing,  heating  and  all  other  pipes  being  properly  put 
in,  secured  and  protected. 

PLUMBING,  HEATING,  &c. 

There  is  no  part  of  what  we  term  the  equipage  of  a  dwelling-house  that  affords  more  little 
comforts  to  the  "  Home"  than  complete,  eflUcient  plumbing,  thorough  heating  and  ventilation  and 
lighting  throughout  with  gas.  Although  there  is  nothing  in  connection  with  a  home  which  gives 
more  annoyance  and  trouble  than  these  conveniences,  if  tliey  arc  imperfectly  arranged  and  put  in 
with  poor  materials  or  unskillful  labor.  The  greatest  safeguard  that  the  owner  can  employ  against 
the  danger  of  failure,  in  this  line,  is  either  to  engage  his  own  plumbers  or  stipulate  in  his  contract 
for  the  privilege  of  rejecting  any  person  or  flrin  employed  by  the  contractor  in  whom  he  cannot 
place  confidence. 


214  '  HOME      BUILDIIS-G. 

For  those  within  reasonable  distance  of  New  York  City,  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Richards,  of  39 
University  Place,  New  York — whose  card  we  have  inserted  on  page  401 — will  be  found  to  be  a  most 
efficient  and  satisfactory  party  to  employ  in  his  line. 

The  sanitary  provisions  in  a  dwelling-house  where  water  is  introduced,  sinks,  wash-trays, 
bath-tubs,  water-closets,  and  their  necessary  sewerages  in  use,  should  be  made  with  the  greatest 
care,  and  in  the  light  of  all  scientific  and  practical  information  that  can  be  brought  to  bear  upon 
the  subject.  A  pamphlet  recently  published  by  A.  Williams  &  Co.,  Boston,  Mas.s.,  on  the  "  Defects 
in  House  Drainage  and  their  Remedies,"  by  Edward  S.  Philbrick,  civil  engineer,  gives  a  very  care- 
ful and  useful  review  of  this  subject.  In  order  that  a  building  may  be  properly  plumbed,  it  is 
necessary  to  make  use  of  proper  materials  and  the  most  complete  apparatus  that  can  be  obtained 
for  the  purpose.  The  plea  of  expense  cannot^  in  all  common  sense,  be  permitted  when  this  subject 
.is  under  contemplation,  and  no  man,  who  is  not  prepared  to  take  upon  his  own  head  the  blame  of 
having  provided  the  sure  means  of  bringing,  sooner  or  later,  upon  the  occupants  of  a  dwelling  dis 
ease  and  physical  disaster,  should  introduce,  or  allow  to  be  introduced  into  it,  any  b  jt  the  very  best 
materials  and  most  complete  appliances  that  can  be  obtained. 

Dangers  menace  families  occupying  buildings,  replete  with  modern  plumbing,  principally 
from  two  sources,  viz. :  the  contamination  and  poisoning  of  the  water  by  the  use  of  lead  and  other 
corrosive  metals,  and  the  vitiating  of  the  atmosphere  through  imperfect  drainage  and  ventilation. 
The  first  of  these  difilculties  is  one  which  may  be  easily  -and  readily  obviated  by  the  use  of  Tin- 
Lined  Pipes  and  tank  metals,  wherever  the  water,  which  is  to  be  used  by  the  family,  is  contained  in 
them.  The  Colwell  Lead  Company,  No.  63  Centre  Street,  N.  Y. ,  have  so  perfected  the  manufacture 
of  their  Tin-Lined  Lead  Pipe  and  are  now  prepared  to  sell  it  at  such  rates  and  in  such  quantities  as 
to  make  it,  in  our  estimation,  an  act  of  reckless  disregard  for  human  suffering,  on  the  part  of  an.y 
owner,  to  make  use  of  any  lead  or  other  metal  pipes  which  are  subject  to  galvanic  action.  Tin- 
Lined  Lead  Pipe  is  also  superior  in  durability  to  that  which  is  not  so  treated,  to  an  extent  wliich 
more  than  offsets  the  slight  difference  in  first  cost,  and  when  it  is  remembered  that  one  case  of  sick- 
ness, from  lead  or  other  metalic  poisoning,  which  is  at  any  time  liable  to  be  brought  upon  a  family 
using  water  contained  in  metals  subject  to  oxidation,  will  almost  inevitably  bring  upon  them  much 
greater  expense  than  would  have  attended  the  entire  job  of  piping,  &c.,  properly  done — to  say 
nothing  of  the  misery  and  possible  death  attending  it — it  is  amazing  to  see  any  man  apparently 
oblivious  to  the  facts.  For  the  above  reasons,  without  taking -space  to  cite,  as  we  might,  a  long  list 
of  examples  and  scientific  investigations,  we  unqualifiedly  recommend  the  use  of  Tin-Lined  Lead 
Pipe  for  purposes  as  above  indicated.  See  page  416.  As  above  stated,  the  second  great  cause  of 
danger  to  the  household  is  from  poisoned  and  vitiated  atmosphere,  which  is  chiefly  brought  about 
•by  a  cheap  and  imperfect  apparatus,  drainage  and  ventilation. 

Water  Closets  are  generally  more  or  less  centrally  located  within  the  house-walls,  and  are  the  most 
potent  sources  from  which  arise,  and  spread  through  the  premises,  the  death  laden  gases 
which  prepare  the  way  for  many  of  the  most  dangerous  diseases,  attacking  children  and  adults. 
Not  only  does  the  closet  emit  poisonous  gases  arising  from  the  sewer,  but  avc  find  also  in  the 
majority  of  dwellings  fully  plumbed,  the  wastes  of  wash-basins,  sinks,  bath-tubs  and  wash- 
trays  discharging  into  the  same  general  house  sewer,  or  soil  pipe,  without  any  adequate  pro- 
tection against  having  their  small  S  traps  stripped  or  siphoned  of  their  contents  by  any  unusual 
rush  of  water  through  the  main  pipe.  The  Jenning's  Sanitary  Specialties,  designed  for 
the  shutting  off  of  sewer  gas,  are  the  direct  production  of  the  long  and  pressing  need  felt  in 
this  matter  and  should  be  used  in  every  case  Avhere  such  apparatus  is  put  into  a  dwelling-house. 
The  matter  of  expense  cannot,  by  civilized  people,  be  allowed  to  interfere  with  the  use  of  the 
very  best  appliance  that  can  be  obtained  for  such  purposes;  a  plea  of  a  few  dollars  more  first 
cost  can  never  justify  an  act  which  holds  in  its  issues  the  health,  and  frequently  the  lives  of 
our  children  and  ourselves,  and  that  we  are  not  in  any  form  justified  in  neglecting  for  our 
own  safety,  a  juist  God  will  not  hold  us  guiltless  if  we  neglect  it  in  providing  for  others.  A 
few  of  the  Jenning's  Sanitary  Specialties  are  illustrated  on  page  399,  which  please  see. 


HOME      BUILDING.  215 

Tank. — If  there  is  no  other  reservoir  from  wliich  water  may  be  drawn,  a  lank  placed  in  the  attic, 
if  a  considerable  body  of  water  is  desired,  is  a  common  resort;  if  four  or  five  barrels  of  water 
or  less  are  sufficient,  which  is  the  case  if  the  pumping  up  is  regularly  attended  to,  the  tank 
may  be  placed  over  the  path-tub,  «&c.,  in  bath-room  about  6^^  feet  above  the  floor;  it  must  be 
thoroughly  lined  with  16  ounce,  tin-plated  sheet-copper,  completely  protected  and  plumbed 
to  accomplish  what  is  required  of  it.  If  it  is  to  receive  water  from  a  roof,  furnish  it  with  an 
over-flow  pipe,  larger  than  the  inlet  pipe,  and  connect  it  with  the  cistern  leaders;  provide  a 
means  of  drawing  all  water  from  the  tank  at  will.  If  all  water  is  to  be  pumped  from  a  cistern 
or  well,  provide  a  tell-tale  pipe,  discharging  into  a  sink  at  pump.  Make  all  neccessary  con- 
nections with  range  and- boiler,  and  with  all  other  points  required  by  plans  and  specifications 
with  tin-lined  lead  pipe  of  sizes  suitable,  and  ample,  for  the  work  required  of  them,  and  pro- 
vide a  cut-off  at  the  tank. 

Pump  and  SinH. — Set  up  in  kitchen,  or  wherever  required,  such  sinks,  drip  tables  and  other  appli- 
ances as  may  be  desired;  provide  sinks  with  waste-pipes,  properly  trapped,  and  discharge 
them  in  the  main  house  drain.  If  only  a  cistern  pump  at  the  sink  is  required,  provide  and 
set  up  at  sink  a  good  No.  2  cistern  pump  and  connect  it  with  the  cistern  or  well,  with  a  suit- 
able sized  tin-lined  lead  pipe,  and  leave  complete.  If  a  pump  is  required  to  elevate  water  to 
a  tank,  use  any  first-class  double-acting  force  and  lift  pump,  metal  valves;  set  it  up  by  sink 
in  kitchen,  or  elsewhere,  connect  it  with  cistern  or  well,  or  both  with  a  well  and  rain-water 
cock,  and  also  with  the  tank,  using  suitable  sized  tin-lead  pipe,  and  leave  complete  with  cut- 
off cock  wherever  required  and  arranged,  so  as  to  be  able  to  draw  water  from  cistern  or  well 
at  will,  also  to  discharge  it  at  sink,  or  pump  it  to  tank  at  will.  Where  an  abundant  supply 
of  water  is  needed  to  furnish  the  house,  a  yard  fountain  or  for  other  purposes,  one  of  the  best, 
and  almost  invariably  the  cheapest,  means  of  elevating  it  to  a  reservoir,  is  to  provide  and  set 
up  a  wund-mill,  in  which  case  one  of  the  first  requisites  is  a  good  never-failing  well,  spring, 
or  some  other  source  of  water;  if  this  is  supplied,  procure  and  set  up  one  of  A,  J.  Corcoran's 
Improved  Wind-Mills,  on  a  good  foundation,  to  which  it  must  be  well  anchored  down.  Set 
up  pump  and  connect  pipes  of  Tin-Lined  Lead  to  suit.  If  the  tank  used  is  in  the  house  attic 
it  should  be  about  6x6x6  or  8  feet  in  dimensions,  and  the  pipe  which  runs  to  fountain  should 
leave  the  tank  about  half  way  from  its  bottom  to  its  top,  to  prevent  robbing  the  house  pipes 
of  water  in  case  a  prolonged  calm  occurs  while  the  fountain  is  playing.  We  know  where 
these  mills,  manufactured  by  Mr.  Corcoran,  are  in  use,  and  that  they  have  given  the  most  en- 
tire satisfaction,  while  other  makes  have  failed  to  do  so.  The  windmill  in  California  is  one 
of  the  most  useful  machines  brought  into  action  in  that  State;  the  city  of  Stockton  is  almost 
entirely  dependent  upon  it  for  water  supply,  and  thousands  of  acres  of  the  most  fertile  land 
would  be  utterly  worthless  were  it  not  for  these  useful  helps.     See  page  401.  -4 

Wash  Trays — when  required — must  be  propsrly  constructed  and  set  up  in  kitchen  or  launflry,  and 
thoroughly  plumbed,  to  suit  owner.  Wooden  trays  are  cheaper  than  slate;  although,  for 
our  own  use,  we  should  choose  slate,  for  the  reason  that  it  will  last  a  century,  while  wood  will 
require  renewing  every  five  years,  unless  well  cared  for.  The  Chapman  Slate  Company  make 
a  beautiful  article  of  this  description.     See  page  400. 

Range. — In  these  days  of  conveniences  and  household  comforts,  one  of  the  most  important  articles 
in  connection  with  tlie  plumbing  of  a  "Home"  is  the  range.  It  is  not  only  the  means  by 
which  the  hot  water  is  supplied  to  the  house,  but  it  is  the  central  object  of  the  entire  culinary 
department;  it  is  the  appliance  with  which  the  cook  and  the  housekeeper  labor  tlieif  entire 
round  of  hours,  days,  months  and  years,  and  no  pains  should  be  spared  to  liave  it  of  tlie  very 
best  pattern,  and  constructed  on  the  best  principles.  The  (Jrand  Central  Elevated  Oven 
Range,  illustrated  on  page  397,  is  one  which  we  cannot  hesitate  to  recommend  in  the  highest 
-  terms.  It  is  elegantly  designed,  constructed  on  the  latest,  improved,  and  best  known  plans; 
its  cost  is  on  a  par  with  all  other  articles  of  its  class  and  finish,  and  no  person  intending  to 
use  such  an  article  should  overlook  it.     It  is  made  in  a  variety  of  five  sizes,  &td  is  sold  priu- 


216  HOME      BiTlLDINfi. 

cipally  in  New  York,  by  Mr.  John  Q.  A.  Butler,  who  also  deals  largely  in  other  goods  of  the 
same  line.  The  range  must  be  properly  set,  provided  with  a  suitable  slate  or  flagstone  hearth 
and  thoroughly  plumbed,  and  connected  with  water-pipes  to  suit.  The  Boiler  should  be  a 
tin-plated,  planished  copper  article,  with  arched  and  rivited  head,  properly  set  and  fully 
plumbed  to  suit. 

Water  Closets. — Properly  set  up  in  the  bath-room,  or  where  required,  a  Jennlng's'  Patent  "Water 
Closet,  thoroughly  plumb  it,  as  required,  and  connect  the  ventilating  pipe  with  a  chimney- 
flue,  or  with  a  pipe  passing  up  the  wall,  out  through  the  roof,  six  or  eight  inches,  and  capped 
with  a  T  head — leave  it  in  perfect  working-order.  If  such  an  article  as  the  above-named,  in 
quality,  cannot  be  afforded,  it  had  much  better  be  left  out  altogether.  The  Jennings'  Patent 
Dlsinfector  should  also  be  used  where  water  closets  are  set  up  in  dwellings,  and  properly 
connected  with  the  closets. 

Bath  Tub. — This  article — whatever  make  chosen — must  be  properly  plumbed  with  hot  and  cold 
water,  provided  with  waste  and  trap,  over-flow,  and  all  other  appliances  required,  complete. 

Wash  Basins,  placed  where  shown,  and  thoroughly  plumbed  as  desired,  fitted  with  waste  and  left 
complete.  The  Jennings'  Patent  Tip-Up  Wash  Basins  we  consider  a  very  superior  article. 
See  page  399. 

Soil  Pipe. — This  must  be  of  cast-iron,  4  or  6  inches  in  diameter,  carefully  put  up  and  connected 
with- the  main  house-sewer,  complete.  Any  other  articles  of  plumbing,  and  all  before  named, 
must  be  most  thoroughly  completed,  connected,  and  left  in  perfect  working  order.  For  an 
experienced  plumber,  whose  motto  is  to  never  leave  a  job  until  perfect,  see  upper  half  of 
page  401. 

HEATING  AND  TENTILATOG. 

Hot- Air  Pipes  should  be  made  of  sheet  tin  or  some  other  bright  metal.  In  designing  their  positions 
in  the  house  walls,  great  care  should  be  given  to  the  study  in  order  that  they  may  be  arranged 
so  as  to  obtain  their  supplies  of  hot-air  from  the  furnace  with  the  least  possible  number  of 
feet  of  horizontal  pipe,  as  nearly  as  possible  over  the  furnace,  and  so  as  to  approach  it  in  a 
tnannor  not  in  conflict  with  each  other.  Where  they  come  in  contact  with  wood-work,  tin 
linings  or  iron  laths  should  be  used. 

Registers. — Place  them  where  required  with  suitable  frames.  Those  manufactured  bj^  The  Tuttle 
«fc  Bailey  Manufacturing  Company  are  the  best  goods,  as  to  quality  and  price,  we  know  of  in 
the  market,  and  are  manufactured  by  that  company  in  great  variety,  both  as  to  form,  quality 
and  use.  They  should  never  fail  of  being  ample  in  size,  in  order  that  the  flow  of  heat  may 
not  be  retarded  and  caused  to  unduly  heat  the  frames  and  valves;  and  they  should  also  be 
properly  proportioned  to  each  other,  as  must  be  governed  by  the  case  in  hand.  The  best 
positions  for  those  on  the  first  floor,  in  order  to  obtain  a  ready  flow  of  heat,  is  in  the  floor, 
although  they  can  with  perfect  propriety  be  placed  in  the  walls,  and  as  high  up  as  may  be 
desired.     Those  in  the  upper  rooms  must  be  in  the  walls. 

Tentilating  Registers  should  always  be  provided,  and  properly  connected  with  chimney  flues,  or 
other  ventilating  boxes,  tightly  made,  passing  up  the  walls  and  discharging  above  roofs,  like 
ventilating  pipes.  The  ventilating  registers  must  invariably  be  placed  as  low  down  as  possi- 
ble, in  the  bases,  or  immediately  above  them,  and  if  others  connecting  with  the  same  flues, 
and  placed  near  the  ceilings,  are  used,  they  must  only  be  opened  m  order  to  let  off  too  great 
a  pressure  of  hot-air,  when  they  must  be  again  closed  in  order  that  the  most  important  oper- 
Ltion  of  extracting  the  foul  air,  which  is  always  next  the  floor,  may  not  be  interrupted.  See 
a  diagram  in  "  Ilussey's  National  Cottage  Architecture,"  Plate  63.  This  matter  of  ventila- 
tion does  not  generally  receive  a  tithe  of  the  consideration  due  it,  and  for  which  reason  thou- 
sands of  graves  are  opened  before  their  time.  See  on  page  405  card  of  The  Tuttle  &  Bailey 
Manufacturing  Co. 


HOME      B  tJ  I  L  D  I  N  G  .  ^17 

Furnaces. — Tliis  most  important  part  of  tlie  heating  apparatus  of  a  building  must  be  placed  in  a 
position  in  the  cellar  as  central  to  the  points  at  which  the  hot  air  is  to  be  introduced  into  the 
rooms  «S5C., -as  circumstances  will  allow.  Of  the  many  hot-air  furnaces  we  have  tested  and 
observed,  within  tlie  past  20  years,  none  have  proved,  in  every  respect,  so  satisfactory  as 
those  manufactured  by  John  Hyslop,  and  especially  when  set  up  by  himself.  These  furnaces 
are  made  of  wn-ought  iron  in  a  variety  of  sizes,  and  are  designed  to  be  used  with  brick  casings 
or  in  portable  forms.  It  may  be  asked  in  what  respect  is  the  llyslop  furnace  superior;  we 
answer,  its  remarkable  ext  nt  of  lieating  surface  composed  of  wrought  iron,  which,  as  ex- 
perimentors  know,  receives  and  gives  out  heat  much  more  quickly  than  cast  iron,  allows  of  a 
much  less  consumption  of  fuel,  while  at  the  same  lime  the  range  of  temperatures  through 
which  it  may  be  made  to  reach,  without  overheating,  is  mush  greater  than  that  of  any  other 
furnace,  of  the  same  expense,  ever  yet  manufactured.  Again,  it  is  more  simply  and  strongly 
constructed,  and  has  a  more  superior  evaporating  arrangement  than  any  w'e  know  of,  is  easily 
taken  care  of,  and  is  always  reliable.  In  selecting  a  furnace,  it  is  a  most  expensive  policy  to 
contine  your  choice  to  one  that  is  only  just  about  sufficient  to  reach  the  severe  extreme  of 
cold  the  climate  of  New  York  is  likely  to  experience,  for  which  reason  do  not,  for  the  matter 
of  $10,  $25  or  $50,  take  any  chances  in  this  matter;  beside,  the  more  radiating  surface  your 
furnace  possesses,  the  less  will  be  the  quantity  of  fuel  required  to  furnish  heat  for  a  given 
amount  of  space.  On  page  No.  403  we  have  placed  an  illustration  of  one  of  Hyslop's  brick 
cased  furnaces,  also  a  card  showing  where  he  may  be  found,  and  other  information  with 
reference  to  his  furnaces,  which  please  see. 

Steam  Warming  Apparatus  is  almost  indispensable  under  certain  circumstances,  and  under  many 
others  may  be  used  to  advantage;  for  example,  in  large  buildings  where  a  great  number  of 
rooms  are  to  be  warmed,  or  in  any  size  or  design  of  structure  where  ii  is  necessary  to  use  a 
very  great  number  of  feet  of  horizontal  pipe,  the  best,  safest,  and  most  economical  method  is 
to  use  steam,  and  depend  upon  direct  radiation.  The  great  improvements  introduced  into 
the  manufacture  of  Low  Pressure  Steam  Warming  Apparatus  by  Wyllys  H.  Warner  make 
it  possible  to  use  this  wonderfully  subtle  element  in  warming  dwelling-houses  or  other  build- 
ings, with  absolute  safety;  and  with  such  apparatus  as  can  be  managed  by  any  intelligent 
person.  Mr.  Warner  has  introduced  these  goods  into  a  great  number  of  buildings  with  re- 
markable success,  and  we  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  them  to  the  exclusion  of  all 
others  of  their  nature,  wherever  they  are  required,  and  have  not  the  slightest  doubt  but  that 
they  will  give  entire  satisfaction.     See  upper  half  of  page  410. 

The  smoke-pipe  of  furnaces  must  be  carefully  guarded  off  from  any  woodwork,  and  the 
flues  should  be  carefully  pointed,  inside  and  outside,  as  they  are  the  points  of  danger  from 
fire  and  not  the  warm-air  furnaces  as  sometimes  supposed.  Cold-air  boxes,  for  warm-air 
furnaces,  should  be  provided,  equipped  with  dampers  and  properly  put  up  to  suit.  Dampers 
should  be  inserted  in  the  smoke-pipe,  and  in  any  hot-air  pipes  from  which  it  is  desirable  occa- 
sionally to  shut  off  the  heat.  When  neither  of  the  above  described  furnaces  are  made  use  of- 
it  will,  of  course,  become  necessary  to  use  stoves,  or  grates,  or  both,  for  which  reason  wo 
again  introduce  the  Fire  on  the  Hearth  Stove,  which  combines  all  the  good  points  of  both  in 
one  article  of  a  simple,  economical,  and  portable  character.  By  an  examination  of  the 
accompanying  cuts  it  will  be  seen  that  this  stove  embraces  all 
the  real  principles  there  are  connected  with  the  matter  of 
Warming  and  Ventilation.  There  can  be  but  two  ways  of 
warming  a  building  or  a  room,  and  they  are  to  heat  the  air 
already  in  them  or  to  pass  healed  air  into  thtm.  Now,  it  may 
be  seen  that  this  apparatus  also  accomplishes  both  these  ends  at 
once.  The  only  true  method  of  ventilation  is  to  take  the  foul 
and  coldair  out  at  the  lowest  level,  as  there  is  where  it  rests,  this 
stove  does  it  perfectly.  The  best  and  purest  warm-air  is  that 
which  comes  in  through  the  heater  from  without  the  house,  this 


218  HOME     BUILDIKG, 

stove  admits  of  that  perfectly.  See  arrows  on  sectional  (black)  cut.  The  fresh  cold-air  comes 
from  without  through  a  pipe  under  the  floor,  is  heated  and  passed  through  into  the  room 
while  the  foul  and  cold  air  of  the  room  is  drawn  out  with  the  smoke.     See  page  414. 

LIGHTING  AND  FIXTURES. 

Gas  Pipes  must  be  carefully  run  throughout  the  building  before  putting  on  the  scratch-coat  of 
mortar,  so  as  to  accomplish  any  degree  or  method  of  lighting  required,  and  all  to  be  tested 
and  left  completely  tight.  Use  best  pipe  of  suitable  guage,  and  do  the  labor  in  the  best  man- 
ner, leaving  all  ready  to  attach  either  a  meter  or  a  machine,  as  may  be  required.  For  Gas 
Fixtures  there  is,  perhaps,  no  place  in  America  where  they  can  be  obtained  in  a  greater  and 
finer  variety  than  at  the  extensive  establishment  of  Fellows,  Uoffinau  k  Co.,  631  and  633 
Broadway,  New  York.  This  firm  manufactures  and  imports  goods  of  all  classes  in  their  line, 
and  gives  special  attention  to  the  furnishing  of  fixtures  for  private  residences.  The  quality  of 
their  goods,  and  the  fair  prices  at  which  they  dispose  of  them,  have  been  the  means  of  their 
wide-spread  popularity,  and  the  remarkable  degree  of  success  with  which  they  have  met. 
See  page  416. 
Gas  Machines. — Among  the  most  recent  and  efiicient  machines  invented  for  the  purpose  of  lighting 
buildings  is  that  manufactured  by  the  Shaler  Manufacturing  Company,  Ko.  4  Murray  Street, 
New  York.  The  prices  of  these  machines  range  from  $30  to  $350  which  supply  gas  for  from 
three  to  100  burners.     To  sum  up  briefly,  the  Company  guarantee  as  follows: 

First — The  Hydro-Carbon  Gas  Lighting  Apparatus  is  absolutely  safe  under  all  circumstances. 

Second — It  gives  better  light  and  more  of  it,  than  was  ever  before  obtained  from  the  same 
quantity  of  material. 

Third — Tlie  cost  to  consumers  need  never  exceed  75  cents  per  1,000  cubic  feet  for  the  best 
Gas,  18  or  20  candle  power. 

Fourth — Our  machines  are  small,  compact,  durable,  simple;  are  more  easily  operated  than 
any  ever  before  devised,  and  cannot  get  out  of  order. 

Fifth — They  are  perfectly  automatic  in  their  action  and  cannot  work  otherwise  than  cor- 
rectly. 

Sixth — They  produce  a  uniform  light  under  all  circumstances. 

Seventh — We  furnish  apparatus  for  any  number  of  burners,  from  one  to  thousands,  at  half 

THE  PRICE  OF  ANY  OTHER  WHATEVER. 

Eighth — Our  system  is  adapted  to  any  style  of  burner,  can  be  adapted  to  existing  gas  pipes 
without  alteration,  or  put  up  where  there  is  no  previous  piping. 

Ninth — We  use  no  weights,  wheels  or  pullies,  no  air-pumps,  no  tanks,  no  gasometer,  no 
blower,  or  underground  vaults,  no  skilled  workmen  to  put  up  and  run  the  machines,  no  costly 
alterations  of  existing  arrangements  nor  any  expensive  appliances. 

Tenth — While  dsipensing  with  all  machinery,  our  system  readily  enables  us  to  use  less  of 
the  hydro  carbon  vapor  and  far  more  common  air — hence  it  is  that  we  are  enabled  to  furnish 
a  far  better  and  cheaper  gaslight  than  has  ever  before  been  produced. 

Eleventh — When  our  directions  are  followed,  we  guarantee  all  our  machines  will  give  com- 
plete satisfaction. 

Twelfth — Our  gas-giving  material  being  held  in  absorption,  within  iron-clad  apparatus,  and 
the  gas  always  used  as  fast  as  made,  it  follows,  that  there  is  nothing  that  can  leak  out;  hence, 
by  our  system,  explosions  and  accidents  are  wholly  impossible. 

See  page  403. 

Bells  and  Tubes.— Completely  tube  the  building  before  plastering,  for  all  Bells  or  Speaking  Tubes 
required  to  be  put  in  by  contract,  or  otherwise,  and  when  the  house  is  ready  hang  all  bells, 
provide,  and  put  up  all  pulls,  wires,  mouth-pieces  and  speaking-tube  whistles  required  com- 
plete. Mr.  W.  R.  Ostrander,  19  Ann  Street,  New  York,  makes  a  specialty  of  manufacturing 
all  of  this  class  of  goods,  of  the  very  best  patterns,  and  is  prepared  to  furnish  them  at  short 
notice.     See  page  408. 

Painting  and  Materials. — All  outside  and  inside  wood-work  must  be  put  in  complete  readiness  by 
puttying  all  nail-holes  and  checks,  by  the  painter,  after  which  two  or  three  coats,  as  may  be 
desired,  of  paint  must  be  put  on  in  the  best  manner,  in  tints  to  suit,  complete.  See  pages  322 
and  404.  For  finishing  hard  woods,  stairs,  ifcc,  au  article  sold  by  Seeloy  vV:  Stevens,  32 
Burling  Slip,  New  York,  and  styled  Pellucidite,  will  be  found  to  be  of  great  value,  and  must 


HOME      J?  U  I  L  D  I  N  G  .  219 

be  used  instead  of  varnish  wherever  that  article  was  contemphited.  See  bottom  of  page  398. 
Oiling,  staining  and  graining  to  be  done,  as  required  by  owner,  in  the  best  manner,  and 
finished  with  Pellucidite,  complete.     Touch  up  after  other  mechanics. 

Decorative  or  Fresco  Paiiiiiiig  should  never  be  undertaken  by  any  who  are  not  in  every  respect 
competent,  as  there  is  nothing,  in  our  opinion,  in  which  money  is  so  utterly  sunk  as  in  poor 
work  of  this,  class,  allhougli  there  is  nothing  done  in  or  around  a  dwelling  wliicli  rewards  the 
home  builder  more  for  his  outlay  than  real  artistic  work  of  this  nature.  See  Mr.  La  Fayette 
W.  Seavey's  card  on  page  405,  to  whom  all  desiring  work  of  the  above  nature  should  send  a 
stamp  for  one  of  his  scenic  catalogues,  containing  illustrations  of  American  and  foreign 
theatres. 

Weather  Strips,  in  the  climate  of  New  York,  are  a  valuable  protection  against  cold  wind  around 
windows  and  doors,  and  are  also  a  protection  against  dust,  which  would  otherwise  blow  in 
around  these  openings.  S.  Roebuck  &  Co.  are  manufacturers  of  the  most  improved  articles 
in  this  line.     See  page  39G. 

Bwns  and  Stables. — Plates  Nos.  39  and  40  give  examples  of  this  class  of  buildings.  Those  shown 
in  39  are  simple,  cheap  structures,  while  that  of  40  is  a  stone  building  of  considerable  preten- 
sions; such  a  building,  or  in  fact  either  of  these  buildings,  should  be  tlioroughly  and  com- 
pletely fitted  up  for  tlie  occupation  of  the  animals  for  which  they  are  designed,  and  in  such 
a  manner  as  should  guarantee  their  health  and  comfort.  Mr.  James  L.  Jackson,  whose  card 
appears  on  page  413,  is  one  of  the  oldes-t  and  best  known  manufacturers  of  Stable  and  Stable 
Fittings  in  the  States.  His  work  is  particularly  known  for  its  superiority  of  finish,  com- 
pleteness of  detail,  and  elegance  of  design.  No  one  who  intends  building  a  stable  should  be 
content  to  commence  the  work  before  obtaining  one  of  Mr.  Jackson's  books  of  designs  and 
selecting  therefrom  such  fixtures  as  he  might  desire  to  use  in  its  equipage.  Any  such  build- 
ing as  that  represented  in  Plate  40  would  be  incomplete  unless  fitted  up  with  some  such 
stables  as  those  illustrated  on  page  412,  where  may  also  be  seen  a  list  of  many  articles  manu- 
factured by  Mr.  Jackson. 


FURNITURE  AND  DECORATIONS. 

Foremost  of  all  the  great  establishments  in  this  country  engaged  in  this  important  branch  of  art 
and  artisanship  is  that  of  the  Pettier  &  Styuius  M.anufacturing  Co.,  of  which  Scribner's  ]Monthly, 
in  the  May  number  of  1875,  speaks  in  tlie  following  manner  under  the  head  of 

Household  Art. — A  man's  house  is  the  expression  of  himself.  As  he  builds  so  is  he.  Get  into 
his  home  and  you  may  tell  what  manner  of  man  he  may  be.  The  furniture,  the  carpets,  even  the 
curtains  express  the  people  who  use  them.  The  interiors  of  most  of  our  houses  are  not  generally 
happy,  or  even  encouraging.     Our  furniture  is,  as  a  rule,  inartistic  and  commonplace. 

There  are  two  causes  for  tills  state  of  things:  Ignorance  and  tlie  subdivisions  of  trade.  The 
housekeeper  buys  her  carpets  at  one  place,  the  furniture  at  another;  the  paper-hanger  and  the 
picture-dealer  have  nothing  in  common,  and  goods  from  a  dozen  warehouses  are  gathered  in  one 
room.  The  purchaser  sees  a  chamber  set  in  white  and  gold,  and  thinks  it  pretty;  sees  rich,  dark 
carpets  and  creton  drapery,  and  thinks  them  lovely.  The  goods  are  sent  home  and  put  into  a  sky- 
blue  room,  and  then  the  house-mother  is  vexed,  slie  knows  not  why.  Tlie  room  tries  to  express  a 
dozen  different  things,  and  the  result  is  confusing  and  irritating.  Tracery  from  Ponipi-ii  is  mingled 
with  medieval  quaintoess;  French  lightness  with  Gothic  somberness.  Everything  good  in  itself — 
all  bad  together. 


220  HOME      BUlLBlNCi. 

The  remedy  for  this  is  easy  to  find.  Have  one  artistic  mind  preside  over  the  rooms;  let  one 
person  control  the  entire  house-furnishing  from  the  very  plaster.  Then  the  walls,  the  curtains,  the 
paint,  carpets  and  furniture  will  be  harmonious  and  reposeful.  It  will  be  a  delight  to  sit  in  the 
rooms.  The  mind  will  be  soothea  and  gratified,  the  imagination  stirred  pleasantly  and  the  eye 
charmed.  There  will  be  no  jarring  discords  of  things  old  and  new,  things  far  and  near,  pictur- 
esque und  beautiful,  and  that  fitness  of  things  will  be  preserved  without  -which  house  furnishing 
becomes  a  failure.  Here  the  reader  may  indulge  in  a  slight  sniflE  of  mild  doubt.  How  can  furni- 
ture want  repose  !  In  this  way:  Here  are  heavy  maroon  drapery  curtains,  ample  and  generous, 
suggestive  of  warmth  and  elegant  exclusiveness.  They  shut  out  the  storm  and  the  cold.  Beside 
them  stand  cane-seated  chairs  and  a  light  chestnut  bureau,  with  white  marble  top  and  bright  gilt 
ornaments.  The  one  leads  the  mind  to  one  train  of  thought,  hinting  of  cozy  retirement  and  escape 
from  the  Winter's  cold.  The  white  marble,  bright  fixtures,  and  light-colored  woods  suggest  the 
coolness,  shade  and  quiet  of  the  Summer  chamber.  Combine  the  two,  in  one  room,  and  the  whole 
is  palpably  lacking  in  repose.  There  is  a  conflict  of  suggestions,  a  want  of  harmony,  and  the  per- 
son who  continually  uses  the  room  cannot  fail  to  be  continually  irritated.  So  one  may  easily  go 
through  a  house  and  discover  a  dozen  discords  to  one  bit  of  refined  harmony.  It  is  not  every  one 
can  do  this.  It  implies  a  certain  amount  of  culture  in  things  beautiful.  Bui  the  householder  may 
not  have  the  artistic  education,  nor  the  time  for  all  this.  He  has  not  even  the  artistic  mind. 
Precisely.  He  must  hire  one.  Let  one  man  control  the  finishing  and  furnishing  from  the  plastering 
to  the  chimney  ornaments. 

The  modern  householder  has  one  great  advantage  over  his  predecessors.  He  has  the  houses  of 
the  past  as  models.  He  may  gather  under  one  roof  the  styles  and  fashions  of  a  dozen  nationalities 
and  centuries.  The  library  may  be  Gothic,  the  dining-room  in  the  "  Eastlake  "  style,  the  parlor 
French,  one  chamber  modern  English,  one  chamber  suggestive  of  India,  one  in  blue,  another  in 
browns  and  grays.  In  each,  every  detail  to  the  very  doorknobs  and  hinges  may  be  both  artistic 
and  truthful.  To  do  this  demands  brains,  culture,  and  a  wise  expenditure.  Anybody  can  spend. 
Brains  and  culture  must  be  hired,  if,  by  reason  of  many  things,  they  be  not  united  with  the  spend- 
ing power.  With  this  advantage  comes  another.  If  one  mind  designs  the  interior  of  a  house,  it  is 
easy  to  remove  or  destroy  the  drawings  and  patterns,  and  then  one's  house  may  be  original  in  it- 
self, and  unlike  any  other  house.  The  interior  from  the  painting  of  the  walls  to  the  tiles  on  the 
fire-place,  may  be  designed  for  that  one  house,  and  when  it  is  finished  the  plans  may  be  secured 
so  that  no  after  house  will  be  like  it.  Then  will  it  really  express  the  people  who  live  in  it.  It 
may  not  in  eveiy  detail  show  their  own  culture  and  artistic  sense,  but,  at  least,  it  shows  their 
wisdom  in  trusting  to  an  artistic  mind,  and  shows  what  pleases  them. 

This  idea,  that  one  mind  should  direct  all  the  orderings  of  a  new  house,  is  wholly  novel. 
Several  firms  in  New  York  do  something  of  this  kind.  Among  these  the  Pottier  and  Stymus  Manu- 
facturing Company,  by  uniting  all  the  arts  of  house-decoration  and  furnishing,  from  wall-painting 
and  picture-hanging,  are  enabled  to  carry  it  to  the  utmost  perfection.  This  Company  take  the 
house,  from  the  lath  and  plaster  stage  and  finish  and  furnish  everything.  Their  designer  visits  the 
house  in  its  raw  state.  From  a  vast  museum  of  artistic  samples  and  models  he  draws  the  themes 
that  are  to  be  realized  in  wood,  marble  and  bronze.  Detailed  drawings  are  made  of  everything — 
carpets,  walls,  window  frames,  doors,  curtains,  mirrors,  flooring  and  furniture,  and  the  result  is  a 
harmonious  whole,  beautiful,  interesting  and  reposeful.  Then  at  tlie  Company's  vast  manufactory 
everything  is  made  of  the  best  materials  and  by  the  aid  of  the  most  perfect  machinery.  The  walls 
are  tinted,  the  carpets  laid,  the  curtains  hung  and  the  furniture  brought  in,  and  there  the  housa 
stands  the  realized  expression  of  one  mind.  There  are  the  drawings;  you  may  destroy  them  if  you 
like.  Neither  the  Pottier  and  Stymus  Company  nor  any  one  else  can  exactly  reproduce  your  interioi 
decoration  and  furniture.  Your  household  gods  are  peculiar  to  your  particular  house.  Your  homo 
becomes  individual. 

At  once  the  question  of  expense  suggests  itself.  This,  it  is  easy  to  see,  may  be  less  when  one 
firm  has  entire  control,  as  they  save  time,  labor,  cartage  and  materials.      Furthermore,  capita] 


II  O  I\I  E      K  U  I  L  D  I  N  Vr  .  221 

wedded  to  machinery  enables  such  a  house  to  reproduce  carvings  and  the  like  costly  hand-work 
at  a  low  figure,  and  the  final  result  is  less  in  a  money  sense  than  when  a  dozen  dilTerent  firms  con- 
tribute their  various  bills. 

A  visit  to  this  Company's  establishment  will  convince  one  of  the  truth  of  this,  and  amply  repay 
the  trouble  of  the  journey  to  42d  street  and  Lexington  avenue.  A  walk  through  their  warcrooms 
is  a  liberal  education  in  household  art.  Everything  from  rugs  to  mantel  clocks,  every  style  ol'  hang- 
ings, every  type  of  national  home-life,  every  quaint  conceit  from  Dutch  tiles  to  Chinese  wicker- 
work,  things  beautiful  and  things  useful,  may  be  seen  in  endless  profusion.  All  the  strange  fancies 
tliat  have  sprung  from  national  l^'e,  the  types  of  folk-life  and  home  adornment,  may  be  seen,  class- 
ified and  arranged  according  to  their  locality  and  time,  and  one  can  learn  much  by  merely  exami- 
ning the  goods  as  they  stand  in  the  warerooms.  Your  house  may  be  a  $100,000  palace  or  a  box  on 
the  beach,  and  you  may  give  either  into  the  hands  of  this  Company,  select  the  designs  that  most 
please  you,  and  leave  the  work  to  the  firm,  assured  that  your  home  will  not  be  an  irritating  failure, 
neither  will  the  expense  be  unreasonable.  It  may  be  that  expense  is  a  trying  experience  with  one, 
still  this  need  not  deter  the  intending  householder.  The  cheapest,  most  simple  and  essential  furni- 
ture may  be  as  easily  and  successfully  obtained  by  this  means  as  by  any  other.  The  beautiful  and 
artistic,  aided  by  machinery,  may  be  readily  united  with  low  cost  and  incxpensiveness. 

The  above  is  a  siiort,  faithful,  unvarnished  expose  of  true  principles  and  facts,  and  deserves  to 
be  carefnlly  studied  and  remembered  by  all  engaged  in  "  Home  Building."     See  card  on  page  413. 


HOUSE  FURNISHING. 

In  order  that  this  article  may  be  eminently  practical,  we  have  inserted  a  considerable  list  of 
articles  selected  from  those  contained  in  the  stock  of  J.  M.  Falconer  &  Co.,  Importers,  Dealers,  and 
Manufacturers  of  such  goods.  Mr.  Falconer  is  an  expert  of  great  experience  in  his  line,  has 
traveled  the  rounds  of  Europe,  and  we  think  there  are  none  better  able  to  fit  out  a  Home  than  tliis 
Company. 

LIST  OF  HOUSE  FURNISHING  GOODS  FOR  THE  VARIOUS  DEPARTMENTS  OF  THE 

MODERN  HOME. 
LAUNDRY  AllTICLES.— Wash  Tubs,  Wasli  Uo:irds,  Wasli  Benches,  Soap  Bowls,  Clothes  WrinKers, 
Clotlies  Baskets,  Clothes  Lines,  Clothes  Pins,  Clothes  Line  Hooks,  Clothes  Line  Iteels,  Clothes  Horses, 
Crimping  Machines,  Charcoal  Sadirons,  Burnishing  Irons,  Cap  Irons,  Egg  Irons,  Pulling  Irons,  Smoothing 
Irons,  Iron  Holders,  I'olishing  Irons,  Ironing  Scands,  Fluting  Irons,  Box  Irons,  Flounce  Irons,  Glock  Iroiia, 
Rufllc  Irons,  Quilting  Scissor  Lamps,  Quilting  Scissors,  Wooden  Baclicts,  Skirt  Boards,  Bosom  Boards, 
Watering  Pots,  Clothes  Sprinklers,  Ironing  Furnaces,  Stocking  Darners,  Wash  Bottles,  Starch  Saucepans, 
Starch  Tubs.  Soap  Drainers,  Clothes  Forks,  Mangles,  Fluting  Machines,  Shovel,  Tongs  and  Poker,  Mrs.  Coo!;'' 
Irons,  Starch  Polish,  Liquid  and  Powder  Blue. 

KITCHEN  UTENSILS.— Roasting  Jacks  and  Screens,  Refrigerators,  Ice  Chests,  Kitchen  Tables  and 
Chairs,  Settee  Tables,  Provision  Safes,  Wooden  Buckets,  Dishcloth  Jloldcrs,  Pastry  Boards,  Rolling  Pins, 
-  Potato  Mashers,  Beef  Steak  Mauls,  Towel  Rollers,  Bread  Bowls,  Chopping  Trays,  Covered  Sugar  Buckets,  Knife 
and  Spoon  Trays,  Butter  Mould  and  Print,  Butter  Trays  and  Ladles,  Cabbage  Slaw  Cutters,  Wooden  Ladies, 
Wooden  Spoons,  Wooden  Spice  Boxes,  Flour  Sieves,  Gravy  Strainers,  Lemon  Siiueozers,  Knife  Boani  Cleaner 
and  Bricks,  Barrel  Covers,  Fire  Bellows,  Cocoanut  Dippers,  Mortars  and  Pestles,  Dish  Baskets,  lined.  Cup 
Baskets,  lined.  Ice  Cream  Freezers,  Ice  Cream  Forms  and  Sijoons,  Ice  Picks  and  Mallets,  Fruit  Presses,  Range 
Boilers,  Cover  Lifters,  Oval  and  Round  Pots,  Tinned  Mclal  Stew  Pans,  Tin  Metal  Saucepans.  Tin  Metal  Tea 
Kettles,  Tin  Metal  Soup  Digester,  Tin  Metal  Fish  Kettles,  Frying  Pans,  Upright  Gridirons,  Fluted  Gridirons, 
Folding  Broilers,  Toasting  Irons  and  Forks,  Beef  Steak  Tongs,  Omelette  Pans,  Potato  Parers,  Shovel  and 
Tong^,  Fire  Carriers,  Coffee  Mills,  Spico  Mills,  Ham  Saw  Knives,  Meat  Cleavers,  Meat  Skewei-s,  Pastry  or  Palette 
Knives,  Knives  and  F<>rks,  Table  Spoons,  Tea  Spoons,  Carver,  Fork  and  Steel,  Butcher  Knives,  French  Boning 
Knives,  Bread  Knife  and  Board,  Mincing  Knives,  F.esh  or  Meat  Forks,  Chocolate  Pots,  Biusting  Spoons  and 
Ladles,  Iron  Tinned  Ladles,  Flour  Sifters,  Iron-Tinned  Dippers,  Water  Dippers,  Step  Ladders,  Scrubbing 
Brushes,  White  Wash  Brushes,  Moulding  Scrub  Brushes,  Salamanders,  Copper  Stew  Pans,  Stove  Brushes,  Stove 
Polish,  Shoe  Brushes,  Shoo  Blacking,  15otlle  Washers,  Lamp  Chinuiey  Brushes,  Window  Brushes,  Silver  Plate 
Brushes,  Polishing  Chamois,  Silver  Soap  and  I'owder,  Long-handled  Scrubbing  Bnisiic.',  Shaker  Brooms, 
Market  Baskets,  Bread  and  Cake  '.  askets,  Floor  Mops,  Cup  and  Plate  Mops,  Wood  Saw  and  Horse,  Coal  Shovel, 
Handled  Axe,  Hatchets  and  Hammers,  Matches,  Match  Boxes,  Coal  Scuttles,  Hand  Scoop'Shovels,  Scales  and 


222  no:siE    building. 

Weights,  Bell  Metal  Kettles,  Enamelled  Kettles,  Enamelled  Saucepans,  Enamelled  Stew  Pans,  Enamelled  Pre- 
serving Pans,  Fruit  Steam  Preservers,  Iron-Tinned  Cullenders,  Iron-Tinned  Skimmers,  Iron-Tinned  Cups,  Ice 
Cream  Spoons,  Cream  AVhips,  Egg  Whips  and  Ladles,  Preserving  Spoons,  Egg  Slicers  and  Glasses,  Larding 
Needles,  Lamp  Scissors,  Vegetable  Paring  Knives,  Pastrj'  Jiggers  and  Bags,  Jelly  Strainers,  Tea  and  Coffee 
Strainers,  Farina  Boiler,  Cork  Screws,  Cork  Extractors,  Screw  Drivers,  Gimlets,  Puff  or  Roll  Pans,  Kitchen 
Grindstone,  Table  Castors,  Soap  Stone  Griddles,  Cake  Turners,  Candlesticks,  Coal  Oil  Cans,  Iron  Bread  Pans, 
Apple  Parers,  Potato  Scoops,  Sugar  Sitters,  Apple  Corers,  Biscuit  Cutters,  Egg  Timers,  Coffee  Filters,  Coffee 
Boilers,  Dish  Pans,  Tin  Pans,  assorted,  Tin  Buckets,  assorted,  Tin  Pie  Plates,  Dippers  and  Cups,  Wash  Basins, 
Vegetable  Cullenders,  Milk  Toast  Pans,  Milk  Cans,  Milk  Strainers,  Charlotte  Russe  Pans,  Cake  Pans,  Jelly  Cake 
Pans,  Pudding  Moulds,  Jelly  and  Pie  Moulds,  Oyster  Pie  Forms,  Sponge  Cake  Pans,  Patty  Pans,  assorted. 
Pastry  Form  Cutters,  Tin  Sauce  Pans,  Coffee  and  GCea  Pots,  Coffee  Pot  Stands,  Sugai-  and  Flour  Scoops,  Coffee 
Biggins,  Cherry  Stoners,  Horse  Radish  Graters,  Syllabub  Churns,  Gas  Stoves,  Fruit  Can  Lifters,  Funnels,  Muffin 
Rings,  Bread  Graters,  Nutmeg  Graters,  Flour  and  Sugar  Dredges,  Pepper  and  Salt  Boxes,  Spice  Boxes,  Cake 
Boxes,  Sugar  Boxes,  Bread  Safes,  Butter  Buckets,  Coffee  Canisters,  Tea  Canisters,  Tin  Measures,  Lanterns, 
Molasses  Cans,  Waffle  Irons,  Wafer  Irons,  Coffee  Roasters.  Milk  or  Custard  Boilers,  Fruit  Jai"s,  Fruit  Cans, 
Knife  Sharpening  Stones,  Marble  Pastry  Slabs,  Coffee  Filters,  Peach  Parers,  Mouse  Traps,  Pea  Shellei-s,  Pot 
Scrubs,  Egg  Boilers,  Cheese  Toasters,  Oyster  Knives,  Spring  Balances,  Rat  and  Mouse  Traps,  Cockroach  Traps, 
Emery,  Rotten  Stone,  Hand  Bells,  Brown  Bread  Pans,  Salad  Washers,  Pie  Forks,  Perforated  Pie  Plates,  Liquid 
Glue,  Garbage  Pails,  Plate  and  Dish  Baskets,  Bean  Slicers,  Carrot  Slicers,  Salt  Mortars  and  Pestles,  Dough 
Scrapers,  Sink  Scrubs,  Pot  Cleaners,  Wick  Inserters,  &c. 

DINING  ROOM  AND  BUTLER'S  PANTRY.— Tea  Trays-set  4  pieces,  Ivory  Handled  Knives,  Ivory 
Dessert  Knives,  Carver,  Fork  and  Steel,  Game  Carvers  and  Forks,  Knife  and  Fork  Rests,  Silver  Plated  Forks, 
Silver  Table  Spoons,  Silver  Tea  Spoons,  Silver  Salt  and  Mustard  Spoons,  Soup  Ladles,  Gravy  or  Sauce  Ladles. 
Butter  Knives,  Salt  Cellars,  Pickle  Stands,  Fish  and  Pie  Knives,  Bread  Knives,  Table  Castors,  Liquor  Stands, 
Nut  Crackers  and  Picks,  Ice  Water  Pitchers,  Butter  Plates,  Syrup  Cups,  Table  Mats,  Fru't  and  Cake  Baskets, 
Chafing  Dishes,  Fish  Dishes,  Soup  Tureens,  Spoon  Holders,  Vegetable  Dishes,  Hot  Water  Dishes,  Ege  Coddlers, 
Coffee  md  Tea  Urns,  Britania  and  Earthen  Pitchers,  Plated  Waiters,  Decanter  Stoppers,  Champagne  Freezers, 
Skewer  Extractors,  Tea  and  Coflee  Sets,  Bread  and  Cheese  Trays,  Water  Coolers,  Wate^  Filters,  Refrigerators, 
Plate  Warmers,  Coal  Hods,  Shovel,  Tongs  and  Poker,  Trivetts,  Coal  Scoop  Shovels,  Fly  Traps,  Knife  fiaskets, 
Butler's  Tray  and  Stand,  Child's  Table  Chairs,  Hair  Brooms,  Wire  Dish  Covers,  Salad  Forks  and  Spoons,  Pickle 
Forks  and  Spoons,  Hand  Bells,  Gongs,  Table  Bells,  ChampagneO  peners.  Sardine  Openers,  Champagne  Cork 
Screws,  Champagne  Syphon,  Thermometers,  Knife  Washers,  Match  Safes,  Toast  Racks,  Coffee  Machines,  Plate 
Brushes,  Chamois  Skins,  Match  Stands,  Porcelain  lined  Baldng  Dishes,  Oyster  Knives  and  Forks,  Crumb  Trays 
and  Brushes,  Jones'  Patent  Carvers,  Meat  Holder,  AVine  Labels,  Asparagus  Tongs,  Crumb  Gatherers,  Melon 
Carvers,  Fish  Carvers,  Liquor  Mixers,  Cocktail  Strainers,  Cheese  Platters,  Ash  Wagons,  Tea  Caddies,  Bread 
Platters  and  Knives,  Supper  Trays,  Wine  Funnels,  Wine  Cradles,  Cork  Screws,  Muddlers,  Egg  Nogg  Mixers, 
Muffineers,  Mutton  Holders,  Coal  Vases,  Pea  Fowl  Fly  Drivers,  Knife  Trays,  Silver  Baskets.  Dish  Covers — 
Plated,  Britania  and  Block  Tin,  Olive  Forks,  Cheese  Scoops  and  Stands,  Sardine  Boxes,  Ice  Tubs,  Ice  Strainers, 
Ice  Tongs,  Ice  Planers,  Oil  and  Vinegar  Frames,  Tea  Trays  in  sets.  Bottle  Holders,  Tea  Extractors,  Tea  Balls, 
Sugar  Tongs,  Cigar  Ash  Trays,  Cigar  Candlesticks. 

BED  CHAMBER  FURNITURE.— Clothes  Hampers,  Shovel  and  Tongs,  Pokers,  Coal  Hods,  Coal  Shovels, 
Dust  Pans  and  Brushes,  Hearth  Brushes,  Wardrobe  Racks,  Plunge  or  Sitz  Baths,  Child's  or  Shower  Baths,  Foot 
and  Leg  Baths,  Fire  Sets  and  Standards,  Carpet  Hammers,  Carpet  Tacks,  Foot  Warmers,  Candlesticks,  Bed 
Warming  Pans,  Cutting  Boards,  Carpet  Stretchers,  Carpet  Brooms,  Clothes  Whisps,  Feather  Duste  s.  Oriental 
Chairs,  Coal  Tongs,  Grate  Trivets,  Blower  Stands,  Spittoons,  Boot  Jack  and  Hooks,  Coat  and  Hat  Hooks, 
Carpet  Sweepers,  Boot  and  Shoe  Commode,  Bird  Cages,  Hat  and  Coat  Brushes,  Cane  Rocker  Chairs,  Ewers  and 
Basins,  Water  Buckets,  Chamber  Buckets,  Match  Safes,  Nursery  Lamps,  Cedar  Clothes  Chests,  Shaker  Swifts, 
Yardsticks,  Tape  Lines,  Velvet  Brushes,  Stair  Carpet  Brushes,  Window  Brushes,  Paint  Dusters,  Door  Fas- 
teners, Picture  Nails,  Bronze  Tea  Kettles  on  Stand,  Glove  Stretchers,  Night  Commodes,  Children's  Chairs,  Gas 
Kettles,  Gas  Torch,  Toddy  Kettles,  Bedet  Baths,  Toilet  Soaps. 

PARLOR.— Polished  Steel  Fire  Sets,  Fire  Sets  and  Standards,  Coal  Scoops,  Coal  Vases,  Spittoons,  Cuspi- 
dores.  Sheep  Skin  Mats,  Card  Baskets,  Piano  Bellows  and  Dusters,  Foot  Warmer,  Statuary  Dusters,  Hearth 
Brushes,  Feather  Dusters,  Flower  Stands,  Walnut  Brackets,  Picture  Nails,  Dominoes,  Fire  and  Crinoline 
Guards. 

HALL.— Hat  Racks,  Umbrella  Stands,  Cane  Chairs,  Door  Mats,  Waxing  Brushes,  Door  Porter,  Foot 
Scrapers,  Feather  Dusters,  Clothes  Whips,  Lanterns,  Mops,  Cobweb  Dusters. 

BATH  ROOM.— Flesh  and  Bath  B.ushcs,  Soap  Holders,  Towel  Arms, Towel  Stands,  Earth  Closet  or  Cora- 
mode,  Towel  Rollers,  Match  Safes,  W.ushstands,  Hip  Baths,  Furniture,  Looking  Gl;isses. 

WINE  CELLAR.— Wood  Faucets,  Bottle  Brushes,  Pumps,  Bottle  Chains,  Bottle  Baskets,  Iron  Wino  Bins, 
Brass  Faucets  with  Keys,  Syphons,  Funnels,  Cork  Drawers  and  Drivers,  Bung  Starts,  Filter  Bags. 

FOR  INVALID  USE.— Bed  Rests,  moveable  backs.  Invalid  Tray,  wood  and  metal.  Leg  Rests,  Leg  Baths, 
Stomach  Warmer,  male  or  female.  Invalid  Table  for  Bedside.    Also  please  see  page  HI. 


HOME      B  J  I  L  D  I  N  O  .  223 


TOWNS   AND    CITIES 


.     NEW   YORK   TO   SAN   FRANCISCO. 

The  descriptions  and  facts  in  connection  with  the  following  list  of  about  250  towns  and  cities 
which  lie  scattered  through  the  nortlicrn  half  of  the  United  Statos,  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific, 
has  been  prepared  with  great  care  and  labor,  and,  if  carefully  studied  and  compared,  will  alTord  a  veiy 
complete  idea  of  the  vast  outline  of  industry  which  the  American  people  have  dotted  out  upon  the 
face  of  the  broadest  and  most  wonderful  country  in  the  world  under  the  control  of  a  civilized 
nation.  The  Home  Builder  will  find  it  of  interest  to  study  with  care  all  tliesc  descriptions,  and  other 
matter  in  connection  with  them,  which  has  been  introduced  under  a  f«w  of  the  first  places  named. 

NEW    YORK. 

We  need  oiler  no  apology  for  introducing  our  greatest  American  metropolis  to  the  attention  of 
the  reader,  as  the  first  place  of  importance  of  which  we  wish  to  speak  in  connection  with  the  object 
we  have  before  us.  Nor  do  we  apologize  for  ignoring  any  attempt  to  describe  her  position  in  nature, 
her  foundation,  growth,  preseni  greatness  or  future  glory;  either  would  be  a  waste  of  labor.  There 
is  no  place  where  her  name  is  not  known,  and  her  influence  felt.  It  is  because  of  what  we  find  in 
her,  of  markets,  banks,  hotels,  manufactories,  her  maze  of  merchants,  goods  and  commerce;  her 
boundless  supplies  of  all  needful  articles  known  to  "  Jlome  Building,"  her  schools,  professions,  in- 
stitutions, and  her  endless  rounds  of  amusement  and  curiosity,  that  we  begin  at  New  York.  And 
further,  it  is  because  her  lines  have  gone  out  to  all  the  world;  she  is  the  unrivaled  Atlantic  center, 
upon  which  all  our  great  routes  determine;  the  most  of  all,  perhaps,  it  is  because  she  contains  more 
of  the  things  of  which  every  home  stands  in  need,  more  facilities  for  sending  them  everywhere  at 
moderate  prices,  and  a  greater  proportion  of  the  people  we  desire  to  interest,  than  any  other  place  of 
which,  in  this  work,  it  is  our  privilege  to  speak. 

We  have  not  attempted  any  general  description  of  the  magnificent  and  wonderful  buildings 
of  New  York,  nor  have  we  entered  and  described  her  splendid  mansions,  elegant  brown  stone  fronts, 
or  her  ordinary  brick  rows  of  dwellings,  as  it  is  most  especially,  with  "Home  Building"  out.side 
of  the  great  cities,  we  have  designed  this  work  to  treat.  The  advantages  of  having  New  York  at 
command  as  a  vast  bazaar  or  shop  in  which  to  obtain  all  manner  of  supplies  is  without  question 
exceedingly  great;  whereas  the  advantages  to  persons  of  moderate  means,  or  more  humble  circum- 
stances, to  make  it  a  place  of  residence,  a  place  in  Avhieh  to  build  a  home,  are  on  an  inverse  ratio. 
■This  will  appear  very  evident  when  the  enormous  values  of  real  estate,  high  rents,  and  the  dilliculties 
of  travel  from  the  residences  to  the  business  end  of  the  city,  are  carefully  examined  and  compared 
with  those  of  ofher  places,  especially  with  other  surburban  villages  and  cities.  It  may  be  urged, 
perhaps,  that  the  increased  facilities  for  rapid  transit  in  New  York  City  will  very  soon  extinguish 
one  of  these  disadvantages.  But  while  we  realize  the  rapidity  with  which  systems  of  travel  are 
being  revolutionized  in  this  city,  and  while  we  are  in  full  sympathy  with  every  practical  enterprise 
that  tends  in  that  direction,  we  cannot  shut  our  eyes  to  the  fact  that  the  same  restless,  transforming, 
speculative  spirit  is  abroad  in  the  land,  and  that  while  we  will  be  constantly  matched  in  this  direc- 
tion, we  can  never  pull  down  our  land  and  rent  values  to  the  level  of  our  surburban  towns;  nor  can 
we  hope  to  surpass  the  purity  and  liealthfulncss  of  their  atmosphere;  nor  need  New  York  care  con- 
cerning these  things;  she  has  thousands  to  spare  yearly,  and  it  is  for  the  purification  of  her  own  life 
arteries  to  send  them  out.  Transplanted  in  broader  sunlight  they  rapidly  increase  in  health  and 
wealth,  and  pour  back  upon  lier  unnumbered  streams  of  treasure  and  strength,  while  she  can  never 
cease  to  maintain  her  supremacy  as  the  great  caterer  to  their  wants,  the  source  of  unbounded  sup- 


224  •  HOMEBUILDNG. 

Before  passing  from  this  liead  we  will  introduce  a  few  firms  who  are  engaged  in  business  in 
New  York,  and  to  whom  it  will  be  of  interest  and  benefit  to  many  of  our  readers  to  be  introduced. 

Banking.  Foremost  among  the  many  interesting  advantages  which  New  Yorkers,  and  those 
who  dwell  in  the  many  large  towns  and  cities  within  easy  reach  of  this  city,  are  accustomed  to  regard 
themselves — in  a  more  than  usual  degree — possessed  of,  are  the  financial  facilities  it  is  supposed  to 
afford.  We  do  not  design,  however,  to  more  than  allude  to  the  thought.  Banks,  Banking  Insti- 
tutions, and  Bankers  are  numerous  in  this  wonderful  city,  and  some  of  them  are  of  great  value  to 
the  exceedingly  vast  manufacturing  and  commercial  interests  which  center  here.  Others  are  helps 
to  the  scores  of  industrial  savers,  while  still  others  are  of  real  and  substantial  value  to  that  great 
throng  of  vigorous  workers  which  occupy  positions  somewhere  between  the  bottom  and  the  top  of 
tlie  ladder  of  financial  and  commercial  success  and  prosperity,  and  to  whom  the  majority  of  so- 
called  National  Banks  are  worse  than  useless  in  every  other  respect  than  that  of  being  the  mere 
custodians  and  change  makers  of  their  earnings, — the  law  of  discounts  with  such  banks  requiring 
an  average  balance  in  bank  equal  to  the  amount  advanced  on  commercial  paper,  or  in  other  words, 
if  you  have  $1,000  in  bank  you  may  possibly  get  them  to  discount  $1,000  worth  of  good  notes  for 
you,  provided  they  are  morally  certain  you  will  keep  $1,000  in  bank. 

The  class  of  bankers  which  are  of  real  value  to  the  great  majority  of  active,  growing  business 
interest,  are  those  which,  if  they  have  not  in  hand  the  funds  to  purchase  or  discount  your  paper, 
can  and  do  afford  the  facilities  for  finding  a  customer  for  it.  We  have  inserted  the  card  of  Mr. 
Sam.  L.  Harris  on  page  413,  who  is  one  of  this  class  last  named,  a  gentleman  with  whom  we  have 
had  extended  business  relations,  and  whom  we  know  to  be  not  only  an  able  and  accomplished 
banker,  but  also  an  honorable,  upright  Christian  gentleman. 

Clothing.  Among  the  multitude  of  Gentlemen's  Clothing  Establishments  in  this  great  metro- 
polis, we  have  singled  out  that  of  Mr.  A.  Raymond  &  Co.— whose  card  we  have  printed  on  page 
396_f or  mention,  and  for  the  purpose  of  recommending  our  readers  to  give  them  a  trial.  For  many 
years  we  have  regularly  visited  this  establishment,  and  have  never  been  disappointed  or  cheated 
therein,  either  in  making  selections  of  goods  for  ourselves  or  our  friends,  and  we  take  great  pleasure 
in  recommending  such  a  house  for  the  benefit  of  all  who  are  engaged  in  ' '  Home  Building, "  and  are 
within  easy  reach  of  New  York. 

Momiinents.  Believing  there  will  times  occur  in  the  lives  of  most  of  our  readers  when  they 
will  wish  to  know  where  they  may  obtain  monuments,  designed  with  fitting  tasie,  that  they  may 
mark  with  them  the  last  resting  place  of  the  dust  of  some  dear  one,  whose  immortal  shade  has 
passed  from  the  shores  of  time  to  those  of  eternity,  we  have  inserted  the  card  of  French  k  Co.  on 
page  398,  which  please  see . 

Seeds,  Bulbs,  Roots,  &c.  We  have  but  little  doubt  that  all  of  our  readers  who  are  interested 
in  "Home  Building"  will  be  benefitted  in  knowing  where  they  may — with  perfect  confidence  that 
they  will  get  what  they  order — procure  Flower,  and  all  other  Seeds,  Bulbs,  and  Roots,  for  their 
o-ardens  or  yards,  as  they  may  desire,  and  for  this  reason  we  have  taken  pleasure  in  printmg  the 
card  of  J.  M.  Tliorbnrn  &  Co.  on  the  lower  half  of  page  393,  which  please  see.  This  house  is  one 
of  the  oldest  and  best  known  of  any  in  New  York  in  its  line,  and  any  one  who  may  wish  to  procure 
seeds  or  other  goods  in  its  line,  should  send  for  a  catalogue  of  the  article  desired,  and  after  having 
made  a  selection,  may  order  without  any  fear  but  they  will  obtain  what  they  desire  of  the  best 
quality  and  at  the  fairest  prices. 


HOME    BUILDING.  225 

RUTHERFORD,    NEW    JERSEY. 

(more  commonly  known  as   "RUTHERFORD   PARK.") 

Ten  miles  from  New  York,  on  the  dividing  ridge  between  the  Passaic  and  Hackensack  Rivers, 
lies  this  most  accessible  suburb.  Many  of  its  attractive  homes  can  be  seen  from  the  Highlands  of 
.Hudson  City,  lifted  far  above  the  great  meadow  plain  which  for  many  miles  skirts  the  eastern 
eaves  of  the  Jersey  mainland. 

Only  ten  years  ago,  and  the  echo  of  the  primeval  "  Jersey  Dutch  "  farmers'  "gee-up,"  and  the 
woodman's  ax,  across  the  rolling  fields  and  amid  the  shady  groves  of  "  Boiling  Springs,"  had  re- 
mained unbroken  for  over  two  centuries. 

Strange  as  it  may  appear,  twenty  years  the  trains  of  the  Erie  Railroad  had  thundered  across 
its  center,  and  speculators  had  whirled  blindly  by  to  more  distant,  less  healthful,  less  beautiful, 
and  less  accessible  scenes  of  fortune  hunting,  before  the  practical,  future  discerning  eyes  of  its 
projectors,  deigned  to  kindly  rest  upon  its  advantageous  location.  However,  when  it  was 
discovered  that  so  charming  a  site  for  a  city  of  residence  actually  lay  upon  this  semi-mountain 
ridge;  already  graded  and  drained  by  nature,  within  hearing  of  the  guns  of  Fort  Richmond,  and 
within  half  an  hour's  ride  by  rail  of  the  great  people-burdened  heart  of  the  metropolis  of 
America;  a  most  magical  change  rapidly  swept  across  an  area  of  about  three  square  miles;  and  now 
it  would  be  difficult  indeed  for  a  " Rip  Van  Winkle  "  to  locate  the  "old  landmarks  "  amid  these 
broad  avenues,  handsome  villas  and  pretty  cottages  of  Rutherford.  The  present  number  of  inhab- 
itants of  this  place,  proper,  is  over  three  thousand,  nine-tenths  of  them  having  come  in  since  1867, 
about  which  time  its  present  name  was  adopted  instead  of  "Boiling  Springs,"  by  which  it  had 
been  known  previously  since  the  days  of  George  the  III. 

The  moral  tone  of  the  people  of  Rutherford  is  of  a  high  standard,  not  second,  we 
think,  to  any  other  place  in  the  State.  Grouped  within  an  area  of  half  a  mile  square,  centrally 
located,  stand  the  edifices  of  the  Presbyterian,  Baptist,  Metliodist  and  Episcopal  Churches,  and 
about  a  mile  distant  that  of  the  Roman  Catholic.  All  are  presided  over  by  men  of  distinguished 
ability,  and  all  are  maintaining  Sabbath  Schools  which  point  grandly  to  their  future  glory. 

The  oldest  physician  of  the  place,  a  man  of  untarnished  reputation,  emphatically  declares  that 
"  Rutherford  is  absolutely  healthy,"  a  statement  of  which  there  can  be  no  doubt;  its  high,  airy 
position,  with  perfect  natural  drainage,  both  east  and  west,  are  ample  guarantees  of  the  fact. 

Rutherford  is  eminently  a  place  of  residence  for  New  York  business  men,  and  indeed  there 
has  been  a  studied  effort  on  the  part  of  its  projectors  to  maintain  its  supremacy  and  desirableness 
as  such,  and  with  so  great  a  degree  of  success,  that  the  song  of  the  spindle  is  not  heard,  nor  the 
smoke  of  the  factory  seen  within  its  borders;  the  only  industries  being  those  inseparably  connected 
with  house  building  or  housekeeping;  although,  considering  its  easy  access  by  rail,  water  or  team, 
there  is  no  doubt  but  it  presents  many  inducements  for  New  York  manufacturers  to  bring  in  their 
enterprises.  When  the  moral  and  religious  tone  of  its  inhabitants  is  observed,  as  noted,  it 
will  be  readily  guessed  that  superior  school  advantages  would  be  carefully  fostered,  which  is  to 
the  fullest  extent  the  fact.  Within  five  years  there  were  erected  two  large  and  well-appointed 
public  school  buildings,  standing  within  half  a  mile  of  each  other.  They  are  conducted  by 
superior  teachers,  and  are  filled  with  that  buzzing,  tittering,  giggling  primary  band,  which  is  the 
hope  of  the  next  generation.  Although  the  best  schools  of  New  York  and  Jersey  City  are  within 
a  few  minutes'  ride,  there  has  been  established  a  Seminary  which  proposes  to  hand  out  its 
pupils  thoroughly  prepared  for  the  Sophmore  class  of  Princeton,  or  any  of  the  best  colleges 
of  the  land,  and  in  view  of  the  fact  that  education  is  so  vitally  connected  with  the  best  interests 
of  "  Home  Building,"  we  herewith  print  the  courses  of  studies  as  submitted  in  the  first  pros- 
pectus of  Professor  C  H.  Goldthwaite,  the  founder  and  proprietor  of  the  Rutherford  Seminary : 
English    Course.— Ist    Year— Mathematics— Practical    Arithmetic;    History— United     States; 


226  HOME    BUILDING. 

English — Grammar  and  Analjfsis;  Penmanship.  2d  Year — Mathematics — Algebra;  History — 
Greece  and  Rome;  English — Rhetoric;  Geography — Methematical  and  Physical.  3d  Year — Mathe- 
matics— Geometry;  History — England  and  France;  English — English  and  American  Literature. 

Scientific  Course. — 1st  Year — Mathematics — Arithmetic;  English — Grammar  and  Analysis; 
History — United  States;  Geographj'.  2d  Year — Mathematics — Algebra  and  Geometry;  Science — 
Natural  Philosophy;  French — Ottu's  Grammar  and  Contes  Biographiques.  3d  Year — Mathematics 
— Gf!ometerj'-Elective;  Science — Chemistry;  French — Telemachus-Cinq.  Mars;  English — English 
and  American  Literature.  4th  Year — Science — Astronomy;  French — Standard  Plays,  Colloquial 
French;  Elective — Trigonometry  and  Surveying,  Political  Economy,  Mental  Philosophy. 

Classical  Course. — 1st  Year — Latin — Grammar  and  Reader;  Mathematics — Algebra;  Geography 
— Modern  and  Physical.  2d  Year — Latin — Caesar's  Commentaries,  Sallust;  Greek — Grammar, 
Anabasis;  Mathematics — Geometry.  3d  Year — Latin — Cicero's  Orations,  Latin  Prose;  Greek — 
Anabasis;  History — Greece  and  Rome.  4th  Year — Latin — Virgil — ^neid  and  Georgics;  Greek — 
Anabasis  and  Iliad,  Greek  Prose;  Geography — Ancient;  French — For  entrance  to  Harvard; 
Reviews. 

The  Union  Lyceum.  This  is  the  cognomen  of  a  corporation,  which  is  exclusively  of  a 
benevolent  character.  It  ovrns  a  building  styled  "The  Union  Hall,"  vrhich  contains  a  large  hall, 
about  30x60,  and  side  room  on  the  first  floor;  with  three  rooms  on  the  second  floor,  fitted  up  for 
the  accommodation  of  different  lodges  which  meet  there.  One  of  these  rooms  contains  the 
Library,  that  being  mainly  the  object  for  which  the  Lyceum  was  incorporated,  it  has 
gradually  grown  to  very  respectable  dimensions.  All  moneys  received  by  the  corporation  go 
towards  augmenting  its  collection  of  books,  after  paying  the  regular  expenses  of  the  management. 

Lots,  Values,  &c.  The  central  point  of  interest  is  the  Erie  Railroad  Depot,  upon 
which  the  four  principal  avenues  converge  and  around  which  the  local  business  of  the  place 
revolves.  A  triangular  plot  immediately  west  of  the  depot,  bounded  by  Erie,  Ames,  and  Park 
Avenues,  about  200  feet  on  each,  curbed,  grassed,  and  tastefully  railed  in,  and  upon  which  stands 
a  magnificent  flag-pole,  is  faced  by  the  most  valuable  lots  in  the  place,  on  account  of  their  position 
for  business  purposes.  They  are  worth  from  $2,000  to  $3,500  per  city  lot  of  25x100  feet  each, 
which  is  the  area  of  all  pieces  called  "  lots."  Other  lots  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  depot  are 
worth  from  $800  to  $1,500,  although  they  possess  as  great  disadvantages  for  building  upon  as  any 
in  the  place.  Lots  on  Union  Avenue  are  worth  from  $600  to  $1,200,  to  a  point  half  a  mile  from  the 
depot.  The  present  superior  facilities  for  building,  and  because  of  the  position  of  the  avenue,  lay 
of  the  land,  and  yet  undeveloped  advantages,  are  without  doubt  the  most  desirable  to  build  upon, 
or  to  hold,  of  any  in  the  place.  Park  Avenue,  Ridge  Avenue,  and  Orient  Way,  are  also  very  finely 
located  and  present  varied  claims,  which  should  not  escape  the  notice  of  the  investor.  All  of  these 
avenues  point  directly  to  the  depot.  Ridge  Avenue  mounts  the  very  summit  of  the  ridge  and  takes 
a  direct  course  for  Newark,  and  stands  next  in  its  future  prospects  to  Union  Avenue.  The  lots  of 
the  three  last  named  avenues  range  in  value  from  $400  to  $1,000,  to  a  point  ^lalf  a  mile  from  the 
depot.  Montross,  Passaic,  Donaldson,  and  Woodward  Avenues  obtain  the  finest  views  of  the 
beautiful  valley  of  the  Passaic,  and  distant  Orange  Mountains.  The  lots  Ij'ing  along  them  are 
mostly  ready  for  occupation  without  cut  or  fill,  and  are  worth  from  $300  to  $600  each.  The 
streets  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  ridge  command  a  view  of  the  meadows  and  the  rear  of  the 
Palisades;   values  of  lots  being  about  the  same  as  the  last  named. 

What  is  called  the  "  north  side,"  lies  on  the  nortiierly  side  of  the  railroad.  It  is  very  elegant 
property,  but  has  the  disadvantage  of  approaching  the  neighboring  village  of  Carlstadt,  which  is 
conducted  on  entirely  different  principles.  Vide  under  "Carlstadt."  The  average  soil  of  Ruther- 
ford is  a  good  quality  of  deep,  rather  heavy,  sandy  loam,  and  as  it  was  so  recently  wrested  from 
the  hands  of  market  gardeners  and  farmers,  the  gardens  connected  with  the  many  beautiful  plots 
present  a  refreshing  appearance. 

Dealers  in  Real  Estate  are  firm  in  their  prices,  and  do  not  appear  to  desire  to  obtain 
exorbitant  rates.  There  are  a  number  of  persons  who  are  olTcring  lands  and  houses  for  sale,  but  we 
have  not  deemed  it  necessary  to  name  any  others  than  Haywood  &  Bookstaver  of  the  Bergen 
County  Herald,  near  the  depot.     These  gentlemen  have  a  list  of  all  property  worth  investing  in, 


HOME     BUILDING.  227 

and  are  men  of  such  integrity,  tliat,  though  there  were  a  thousand  others,  we  would  consider  it 
waste  of  time  to  record  them. 

General  advantag'es,  «&c.  First  on  this  subject  should  be  cited  the  fact  that  Rutherford  is  the 
first  station  on  tlie  Erie  Railroad  after  leaving  Jersey  City;  and  is,  as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to 
the  time-table  of  that  road,  but  a  few  minutes'  run  from  New  York,  in  magnificent  cars,  which 
make  no  less  than  19  round  trips  daily.  Then  wc  would  refer  to  the  beauty  and  healthfulness  of  its 
situation,  the  high  moral  and  social  tone  of  its  people,  its  churches,  superior  schools,  low  rents, 
and  the  fact  that  its  real  estate  can  be  bought  at  remarkably  low  rates,  and  much  of  it  on  exceed- 
ingly easy  terms.  Example :  A  gentleman  purchased  a  plot  (3  lots)  paid  cash  for  the  lots,  and 
borrowed  of  the  owner  all  that  was  required  to  build  a  very  neat  house  and  fence  it  in.  Others  may 
do  likewise. 

What  lacking'.  As  we  are  about  to  pen  the  following  remarks  we  could  wish  that  every  inter- 
ested person  in  the  place,  of  which  we  are  writing,  might  be  present  to  hear  our  criticism.  But  we 
have  no  doubt  that  we  shall  be  doomed  to  the  fate  of  many  a  dominie,  who  takes  the  occasion 
of  the  absence  of  most  of  his  flock,  to  very  energetically  elaborate  on  the  duties  of  punctual 
attendance  on  the  means  of  grace,  be  heard  by  few.  But  notwithstanding  the  foregoing  very 
discouraging  fact,  we  are  also  aware  that  we  may  be  throwing  out  a  "  tide,  which,  if  taken  at  the 
flow,"  may  lead  some  explorer  "  on  to  fortune,"  and  many  to  avoid  the  pits  into  which  others  have 
fallen. 

Thus  to  begin  our  onerous  task.  Many  of  the  avenues  ^nd  streets  of  Rutherford  are  remark- 
able for  their  w'idth  and  the  beauty  of  their  situation ;  but,  with  a  few  exceptions,  their  road-beds, 
lighting  up,  and  sidewalks  are  remarkably  neglected,  which  cannot  fail  to  act  as  a  great  drawback 
to  the  growth  of  the  place,  besides  standing  in  marked  and  disagreeable  contrast  with  the  culture 
and  enterprise  shown  in  other  directions.  Well  planked  or  paved  sidewalks,  with  clean,  well-kept 
streets  are  indispensable  to  the  prosperity  of  any  city  or  town. 

Hotels.  Rutherford,  strange  to  say,  does  not  at  present  possess  a  single  hotel  within  less  than 
about  a  mile  of  the  depot,  while  almost  overshadowing  it  stands  what  is  known  as  "Mount  Ruther- 
ford," a  promontory  most  eminently  fitted  by  nature  and  location  for  one  of  the  first  hotels  in  the 
State,  on  which  spot,  if  a  suitable  building  were  erected,  and  its  grounds  arranged,  a  full  house 
could  be  maintained  the  year  round.  But  "a  word  to  the  wise,"  &c.  One  of  the  remarkable  fea- 
tures of  attraction  at  the  depots  of  the  different  towns  along  the  "  New  Jersey  Central  Railroad." 
is  the  taste  displayed  in  the  adornment  of  the  grounds,  and  the  airiness  of  their  localities.  This 
cannot  be  said  of  Rutherford  at  i^resent,  but  on  the  contrary  its  depot  is  smothered  with  dusty 
looking  shops,  which  gives  an  othei'wise  beautiful  and  exceedingly  desirable  place  of  residence,  a 
remarkably  Jewish,  un-American  like  introduction.  We  are  glad  to  say,  however,  there  is  a  desire 
and  determination  to  change  this  order  of  things  now  being  made  manifest.  Such  mistakes  as 
irregular  house  frontage,  clumsy  fences  and  ugly  paint,  are  minor  matters,  and  will  no  doubt  be 
corrected  as  their  inappropriateness  become  apparent  to  the  growing  tastes  of  the  owners. 

The  cost  of  living  at  Rutherford,  or  any  other  place,  is  a  matter  among  those  of  first  import- 
ance to  be  investigated  by  persons  seeking  to  locate  and  establish  a  home.  A  villa,  or  cottage  and 
adornments,  entails  upon  its  owner  a  certain  first  cost,  the  interest  on  the  investment  and  a  yearly 
amount  for  repairs,  &c.  But  the  cost  of  living  is  a  vortex  yawning  before  you  every  day  of  your 
life.  It  begins  by  exacting  a  few  pennies,  and  ends  by  swooping  into  its  ruthless  abyss  tens  of 
thousands.  Therefore,  reader,  I  adjure  you,  give  this  matter  a  careful  thought.  Washington 
Market,  New  York,  is  known  to  afford  all  that  can  be  contributed  for  the  support  of  life,  from  the 
gardens,  fields,  forests,  rivers,  lakes  and  oceans  of  North  America,  and,  in  fact,  all  countries  of  the 
world,  at  prices  that  average  as  low  as  any  market  on  our  eastern  coast.  The  people  of  Rutherford 
may  supply  their  tables  f  rorn  this  market  at  its  average  rates,  if  not  direct  (which  is  to  a  consider- 
able extent  the  case),  through  the  aid  of  the  local  merchants,  whose  stores  are  well  supplied  with  all 
that  is  needful  (vide  under  "merchants.")  The  gardens  of  most  of  the  families  contribute  largely 
to  their  supplies  of  excellent  fresh  fruit  and  vegetables,  through  the  Summer  and' Autumn,  the  ad- 
vantage of  which  is  discernable  without  comment.     The  tables  of  the  people  of  Rutherford  should 


228  HOME    BUILDING. 

not  lack  any  good  thing,  at  a  rate  averaging  as  low  as  New  York  or  Brooklyn ;  taking  these  cities 
for  our  standard.  But  the  supply  of  the  table  does  not  encompass  the  cost  of  living,  although  it  is 
a  large  proportion.  There  is  next  the  matter  of  clothing.  This  we  will  at  present  abbreviate  bj-- 
saying  all  that  has  been  said  on  the  subject  of  supply  and  cost  of  food  is  equally  true  with  reference 
to  all  kinds  of  goods.  New  York  is  the  great  shop,  so  that  in  case  the  local  stores  cannot  supply 
what  is  wanted  immediately,  or  at  prices  satisfactory,  the  consumer,  by  a  short  pleasant  excursion, 
obtains  the  required  article  at  the  fountain  head.  Another  point  which  requires  experience  in  order 
to  properly  appreciate  it,  is  the  absence  of  the  necessity  for  continued  "nice  appearance."  The 
children  can  be,  and  are,  allowed  to  rollick  in  the  sunshine  and  shade,  with  less  than  half  the 
"  proper  clothes"  required  in  a  "  respectable"  part  of  either  cities  referred  to,  greatly  to  their  comfort 
and  health,  and  with  much  saving  to  paterfamilias.  The  question  of  househelp  is  not  different 
from  what  it  is  in  New  York. 

Buildings,  styles,  &c.  The  residences  of  Rutherford  are  grouped  together  in  different 
localities  over  the  entire  area  of  the  place;  most  of  them  standing  on  ample  grounds,  which  are 
adorned  with  trees,  shrubs  and  flowers.  The  larger  number  of  them  are  of  the  classes  of  plates 
Nos.  2,  3,  6,  and  9,  while  quite  a  number  are  equal  to  Nos.  11,  12,  22,  31,  and  32.  Some  of  which 
have  their  grounds  laid  out  in  the  most  elegant  styles  of  landscape  gardening. 

There  are  but  few  of  the  modern  houses  constructed  of  stone  or  brick.  The  balloon  frame, 
sheathed,  papered,  and  clapboarded,  being  the  prevailing  method  of  building.  Many  of  the  resi- 
dences are  fully  fitted  up  with  all  the  "modern  improvements."  Viz.:  Plumbed,  gassed,  and 
heated  by  furnaces. 

The  cost  of  building  in  Rutherford  has  been  as  low,  if  not  lower,  than  in  any  other  New  York 
suburb,  below  that  of  Westchester  Co.,  N.  Y.,  or  of  Long  Island,  by  from  8  to  12  per  cent.  Such 
a  house  as  is  exhibited  by  plate  No.  2  can  be  erected  there,  complete,  for  $2,000;  No.  3,  $2,000;  Nd_ 
6,  $2,900;  No.  9,  $3,000;  No.  11,  $o,000;  No.  12,  $6,000;  No,  22,  $6,000;  No.  31,  $5,000;  No.  32^ 
$11,000.  The  buildings  of  this  place  are  as  a  rule  neatly  painted,  although  there  is  certainly  room 
for  improvement  in  this||direction;  some  of  the  most  tastefully  painted  houses,  we  have  learned, 
were  executed  in  colors  chosen  from  the  sample  card  of  Harrison  Bros.  &  Co.,  176  Water  St.,  New 
York,  and,  in  fact,  in  paints  manufactured  by  that  Company  which  were  obtained  of  Mr.  A.  W. 
Van  Winkle,  who  is  the  agent  of  the  Company  at  Rutherford. 

Every  town,  or  city,  that  has  experienced  any  very  considerable  growth,  has  among  its  people 
certain  "  old  familiar  faces,"  who  belong  to  the  historical  features  of  the  place,  they  are  familiar  to 
all.  Such  a  face  is  still  bowing,  and  smiling  around  on  the  shoulders  of  the  "oldest"  painter  of 
Rutherford;  few  indeed,  there  are,  in  that  place,  who  do  not  know  "  John  Payne,  the  painter." 

Building  materials.  Rutherford  enjoys  superior  advantages  for  obtaining  supplies  of  all 
materials  required  for  building  purposes.  Washed  by  the  Passaic  on  the  west,  and  the  Hackensack 
on  the  east,  both  of  which  rivers  are  navigable  for  heavy  freight-boats  several  miles  beyond  this 
point,  makes  it  possible  for  dealers  to  obtain  their  goods  at  canal-freight  rates.  Added  to  the 
above,  there  are  two  of  the  great  western  lines  of  rail,  that  pass  directly  across  its  centre.  In  con- 
sequence of  these  facilities,  for  obtaining  them;  lumber,  brick,  lime,  lath  and  hardware,  are 
offered  at  as  low  rates  as  they  can  be  had  for  at  any  place  within  the  vicinity  of  New  York.  Stone 
abounds  in  and  on  the  locality,  and  the  great  quarries  of  Belleville  are  within  two  miles  of  its 
centre.  Sand  of  an  excellent  quality  lies  in  great  drifts,  where  it  has  reposed,  no  doubt,  since  long 
back  into  the  prc-Adamite  period;  waiting  to  be  utilized  in  the  construction  of  thousands  of  beauti- 
ful homes  that  are  to  stand  the  future  monuments  of  man's  industry'  and  skill.  In  addition  to  the 
advantages  just  named,  which  Rutherford  enjoys,  it  should  be  remembered  that  New  York  lies  just 
at  her  door,  with  an  ever-present,  enormous  supply,  of  both  material  and  labor,  waiting  for 
customers. 

A  lumber  yard,  Avithin  a  few  hundred  feet  of  the  depot,  kept  by  a  Mr.  Geo.  Hild,  affords  the 
inquirer,  or  mechanic,  a  ready  opportunity  for  obtaining  either  goods,  terms,  or  prices.  Tliis  gen- 
tleman, a  few  years  since,  had  a  large  yard  heavily  stocked  and  equipped,  situated  about  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  from  the  present  one,  which  was  consumed  by  fire,  stock,  horses  and  wagons.     Phoenix- 


HOME      BUILDING.  229 

like,  he  arose  from  the  ashes,  and  is  now  spreading  his  wings  of  trade,  in  a  much  more  convenient 
position  for  his  business.  The  present  yard  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Union  Avenue  and  Van 
Winkle  Street;  there  is  a  neat  office  on  the  corner  and  large  commodious  sheds  in  the  yard,  for  the 
protection  of  such  stock  as  would  be  damaged  by  water.  Mr.  Hild  keeps  on  hand,  and  is  prepared 
to  furnish  at  short  notice,  all  the  varieties  of  timber,  lupiber,  mouldings,  shingles,  lath,  lime,  brick, 
or  stone,  required  by  the  building  fraternity.     His  prices  range  about  with  builders'  table  No.  1. 

About  a  mile  distant  from  the  above  yard,  stands  the  planing  and  moulding  mills  of  Mr. 
Gustaf  Swenson,  where  any  extra  preparation  of  stock  can  readily  be  had. 

About  800  feet  east  of  the  depot,  the  Erie  Railroad  embankment  makes  its  heaviest  rise,  and 
crosses  Newark  Avenue  on  a  massive  iron  bridge,  supported  by  brown  stone  buttresses.  At  this 
point  a  switch  has  been  laid  oiit  from  the  main  track,  which  runs  down  on  a  long  trestle  work,  and 
terminates  within  an  extensive  inclosure,  where  a  few  years  since  some  lumbermen  from  Pennsyl- 
vania laid  up  a  small  stock  of  boards,  and  afterwards  abandoned  the  yard.  The  excellent  position, 
however,  has  been  occupied  by  an  enterprising  young  man,  Mr.  Henry  B.  Kostor,  for  a  coal  yard. 
The  trestle  work  affords  him  the  opportunity  of  dumping  his  cargoes  of  coal  directly  into  his  bins. 
These  superior  facilities  for  handling  the  article,  makes  it  possible  for  him  to  supply  the  people  of 
Rutherford  at  as  low  rates  as  can  be  afforded  at  any  point  along  that  Railroad. 

Mechanics'  labor.  The  different  trades  are  fairly  represented,  mostly  by  men  brought  up  to 
their  business  in  and  around  New  York  City.  Among  the  carpenters  and  builders,  Mr.  Samuel  T. 
Hink,  has  been  in  the  place  about  nine  years,  and  has  executed  some  of  the  best  buildings  in 
Rutherford.  He  is  a  thoroughly  trained  mechanic,  and  has  generally  succeeded  in  giving  satisfac- 
tion to  his  customers.  He  is  now  engaged,  to  some  extent,  in  putting  up  buildings  of  about  the 
class  of  plate  No.  3,  for  sale;  and  is  offering  them  at  reasonable  rates.  His  shop  is  but  a  short  dis- 
tance from  the  depot. 

It  is  said  of  John  Jacob  Astor,  that  he  would  sometimes  remark,  with  a  twinkle  in  his  eye, 
"  fools  build  houses,  and  wise  men  buy  them."  Whether  this  has  been  the  result  of  the  observation 
of  most  men  who  have  had  much  to  do  with  real  estate,  or  not,  we  cannot  say;  but,  our  ex- 
perience prompts  us  to  advise  all  who  think  of  building:  having  selected  a  neighborhood,  and  not 
having  determined  upon  what  style  of  house  they  want,  to  look  at  all  the  hoase?  for  sale  in  the  lo- 
cality before  building. 

Mr.  W.  E.  Speir  is  another  of  Rutherford's  builders  we  desire  to  notice.  He  has  been  in  the 
place  about  two  years;  the  buildings  represented  in  plates  18  and  31,  were  executed  by  him,  and 
are  among  the  best  looking  houses  in  the  vicinity.  He  has  been  thoroughly  trained  in  mill  work, 
as  well  as  house  construction.  For  several  months  he  had  charge  of  the  extensive  mills  of  W.  P. 
Russell  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  His  shop,  and  residence,  are  located  on  Chestnut  Avenue 
about  four  blocks  from  the  depot. 

Masonry,  Labor  and  Cartag'e.  There  are  several  things  necessary  to  insure  a  good  job  of 
masonry,  all  of  wliich  may  be  certainly  expected  by  employing  an  honest  "  boss,"  who  also  under- 
stands his  business;  John  W.  Kellett  of  Rutherford,  N.  J.,  is  a  mason  and  builder,  that  fills  the 
bill  of  requirements  in  the  above  particulars.  His  shop  is  a  short  distance  from  the  depot,  on 
Union  Avenue.  He  has  executed  all  the  best  work  in  the  place,  for  the  past  eight  years.  His 
brother,  Samuel  Kellett,  of  763  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. ,  manufacturer  of  plaster  decor- 
ations, is  known  throughout  that  State,  and,  in  fact,  controls  that  business  on  the  entire  western 
coast. 

The  labor  market  is  well  supplied  in  this  place;  teams  and  men  can  be  obtained  on  reasonable 
notice  at  the  rates  noted  in  table  No.  1. 

Plumbing  and  Ornamentation.  Many  of  the  dwellings  of  Rutherford  are  fully  fitted  and 
plumbed  with  all  the  "  modern  improvements."  The  supplies  of  water  being  taken  from  the  roofs 
into  tanks  in  the  attics,  and  forced  up  to  Ihem  from  cisterns  or  wells  by  a  metal-valved  force  and 
lift  pump.  Plate  No.  22  represents  one  of  those  houses;  it  is  the  residence  of  Mr.  Sam.  L.  Harris, 
banker,  658  Broadway,  New  York.  This  building  was  plumbed  by  S.  M.  Decker  &  Co.,  C.  A. 
Knap,  agent,  whose  store  and  shop  is  opposite  the  depot;  a  fact  which  will  deserve  the  notice  of  all 


230  HOME      BUILDIIS^G. 

who  may  be  about  locating  at  the  place,  as  this  firm  are  not  only  prompt  in  filling  any  orders  for 
plumbing  work,  but  also  keep  on  hand  a  supply  of  many  indispensable  articles  of  household  use. 
They  do  their  work  carefully,  and  are  not  addicted  to  exorbitant  charging,  as  is  the  custom  of  the 
fraternity  generally.  Over  the  awning  of  this  store  may  be  seen  a  rather  inferior  specimen  of  what 
is  known  as  the  "  Yates  cresting."  It  has  arueat  effect  when  up,  and  can  be  easily  repaired.  It  is 
as  durable  as  any  article  of  the  kind,  and  is  more  economical  than  most  styles  of  metal  crestings. 
One  of  its  distinguishing  features  is  the  lightning  rod,  which  connects  the  entire  chain  of  iron 
with  the  perpendicular  rod  to  the  earth.  We  have  used  this  rod  to  a  great  extent  since  its  first  in- 
troduction, and  have  been  well  pleased  with  it  in  every  respect.  The  American  Home  Commission 
Company  (noted  below)  is  selling  and  endorsing  this  article.  In  some  of  the  plate  descriptions  this 
article  is  also  mentioned,  where  it  appears  in  the  illustration,  and  some  idea  of  its  appearance  may 
be  obtained  by  examining  them  in  reference  to  it. 

Native  materials.  There  are  no  towering  forests  of  "murmuring  pines,"  or  other  woods, 
whose  shadowy  depths  invite  to  repose  and  meditation,  the  soul  of  the  home  seeker  at  this  place. 
The  bones  of  the  last  lumberman,  who  supplied  his  growing  flock  of  little  "Jersey  Dutchmen" 
with  their  daily  bread,  from  the  diligent  application  of  his  ax  and  saw,  in  conquering  the 
Columbian  forests,  and  reducing  them  to  a  respectable  lumber  pile,  have  long  since  mouldered 
back  to  dust.  There  is,  however,  a  few  chestnut  and  oak  groves,  wliich  afford  a  moderate  supply 
of  posts  and  short  timber.  Sand  and  brown  stone,  as  has  before  been  hinted,  are  found  in  and 
near  by  the  place  in  great  supplies. 

Bricks  are  an  article,  the  importance  of  which  cannot  be  overlooked  in  connection  with  our 
subject.  Their  utility  and  convenience  are  growing  in  importance,  although  they  have  been  in  use 
for  over  four  thousand  years.  As  yet  they  are  not  made  nearer  Eutherford  than  Little  Ferry,  about 
five  miles  distant,  and  the  majority  of  the  article  used  at  this  place,  are  shipped  by  rail  or  boat  from 
the  North  River  yards.  In  connection  with  this  subject,  and  how  to  make  available  any  native 
materials  ;  we  will  call  attention  to  the  fact,  that  there  lies  not  over  one  mile  from  the  depot  at  this 
place,  a  bed  of  excellent  brick  clay  of  enormous  extent.  JVIr.  Swenson,  who  owns  the  planing 
mills  near  Carlstadt,  has  for  two  years  lined  his  furnaces  with  this  article,  which  he  dug  fi'om  the 
banks  of  Berry's  Creek. 

Where  are  the  enterprising  men  of  Rutherford  who  desire  to  see  the  lowering  of  building 
materials  with  a  view  to  furthering  the  growth  of  their  pleasant  and  healthful  suburb?  Let  them 
come  to  the  front;  and  I  will  say  to  them,  here  is  about  the  only  real  advantage  you  can  take  of 
your  situation  in  this  line.  In  order  to  avail  yourselves  of  it,  construct  a  broad,  deep  canal,  along 
the  soutlierly  line  of  Union  Avenue,  from  Berrj^'s  Creek  to  Newark  Avenue,  and  extend  Union 
Avenue  to  the  Creek;  build  it  high  enough  to  be  well  drained  at  all  tides.  Form  a  companj-,  and 
after  having  purchased  the  swamp  along  the  Creek,  take  out  the  clay  and  make  bricks.  The  canal 
will  afford  the  means  of  conveying  brick  or  clay  to  Avithin  a  thousand  feet  of  the  depot;  besides,  it 
would  allow  lumber,  coal,  and  other  heavy  articles,  to  be  brought  so  near  the  center  of  demand,  by 
water,  as  to  materially  reduce  their  cost,  by  reducing  the  freights.  Tlie  bank  of  the  canal  along 
Union  Avenue  could  be  turned  into  docks  to  any  extent  required. 

This  would  be  found  superior  to  any  dock  improvement  alcng  the  Passaic  River,  for  the 
reasons  that  follow:  It  Avould  be  a  shorter  route  to  New  York.  It  would  not  be  liable  to  sweep 
away  its  docks,  by  an  ice  rush,  at  certain  seasons  and  tides.  It  is  two-fold  in  its  advantages,  in 
that  it  would  open  up  a  brick-making  business,  while  it  afforded  all  the  opportunity  of  water 
freighting. 

Future  Prospects.  The  prospective  future  of  all  places,  bear  upon  their  features  elements  of 
attractiveness,  or  otherwise;  just  in  proportion  to  the  desire  on  the  part  of  the  expectant,  for  one 
thing  or  another.  If  a  great  city  is  seen  by  the  future  discerning  eye  of  the  observer,  with  its  tall 
spires  nnd  busy  avenues  arising  to  view,  like  a  pleasant  dream,  and  that  should  be  his  desire,  then 
lie  is  satisfied  with  the  outlook.  But  if  his  aspirations  are  for  a  quiet,  rural  retreat;  then  he  is  only 
pleased  by  beholding  sunny  slopes  and  shadowy  hilltops.  Rutherford  is  destined,  at  no  very  dis- 
tant day,  to  become  a  large  and  elegant  city  of  residence.     She  offers  no  special  facilities  for  man- 


HOME      BUILDING.  231 

ufacturing;  while  lier  advantages  and  attractiveness,  as  a  place  in  which  the  overcrowded  business 
men  of  New  York  may  locate  their  homes,  are  almost  without  an  equal.  The  writer  knows  of  an 
enterprise,  the  projectors  of  which  have  for  their  object  the  construction  of  an  excursionary  rail- 
road, which  will  take  a  circular  route  as  follows:  Beginning  at  Jersey  City,  will  run  via  Bergen 
Point,  Elizabeth,  Newark,  Rutherford,  Hackensack,  Englewood,  and  down  the  Palisades  to  the 
point  of  beginning,  thus  forming  a  continuous  rail,  ifpon  which  trains  of  very  light  cars  will  be 
rapidly  run  around  the  circle,  making  many  trips  daily.  Rutherford  will  be  about  the  center,  and 
will  receive  great  benefit  from  the  enterprise. 

Newspapers.  The  Press  !  who  can  estimate  the  part  it  has  played  in  the  civilization  of  the 
world.  It  has  been  the  potent  means  in  the  hands  of  good  men,  by  which  the  glorious  truths  of 
the  Bible  have  been  sown  broadcast  on  the  face  of  the  earth,  as  the  leaves  of  the  forest.  Wherever 
there  is  found  a  sprightly,  well  patronized  newspaper,  it  is  good  evidence  of  more  than  average  in- 
telligence on  the  part  of  the  people.  Rutherford  enjoys  the  presence  in  its  midst  of  a  weekly  news- 
paper, of  medium  size,  known  as  "  The  Bergen  County  Herald."  Its  present  owners  and  pub- 
lishers, Messrs.  Haywood  &  Bookstaver,  judging  from  their  paper,  are  men  of  advanced  enterpris- 
ing views,  sound  principles,  noble  instincts,  and  generous  hearts.  As  this  paper  has  an  extensive 
local  circulation,  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  it  would  be  found  a  valuable  means  of  advertising, 
especially  for  those  retail  merchants  convenient  to  the  Chamber  Street  Ferry  and  the  Erie  Rail- 
way. 

Mercliiints  and  Business  People.  The  engraving  of  Mr.  A.  W.  Van  Winkle's  extensive  stores, 
represents  the  principal  business-house  in  the  place.  The  corner  building  was  erected  in  1867,  and 
was  the  pioneer  store  of  the  place.  Since  then,  the  center  and  westerly  end  of  the  buildings  were 
added,  as  the  business  required  more  room.  This  concern  keeps  on  hand  a  constant  and  generous 
supply  of  about  all  the  articles  known  to  the  wants  of  households,  and  at  prices  parallel  to  those 
of  New- York,  for  the  same  quality  of  goods.  The  epicure  may  find  in  these  stores,  during  their 
seasons,  all  kinds  of  fruits  and  vegetables,  fresh  from  the  neighboring  farms,  or  from  Washington 
Market.  The  great  convenience  of  such  an  establishment  must  be  apparent  at  a  glance.  The  con- 
sumer is  able  to  obtain  under  one  roof  wliat  Avould  require  a  visit  to  half  a  dozen  different  places  to 
secure  in  New  York.  It  is  hardly  needful  to  mention  the  location  of  these  stores,  as  they  are 
immediately  fronting  the  Depot  Square,  and  are  the  most  conspicuous  buildings  in  the  vicinity. 
The  Post  Office  is  also  in  the  center  building  of  this  group,  which  adds  materially  to  its  line  of  con- 
veniences. The  gentlemanly  postmaster,  Mr.  J.  R.  Collerd,  *s  always  found  at  his  post,  ready  to 
deliver  or  receive. 

On  the  corner  of  Erie  and  Park  Avenues,  and  opposite  the  westerly  side  of  the  square,  is 
situated  Adam  Rode's  bakery.  This  is  also  a  pioneer  concern,  and  is  very  conveniently  situated. 
A  little  further  up  Park  Avenue,  and  still  opposite  the  Depot  Square,  is  tlie  office  of  Petty  &  Shafer, 
insurance  and  real  estate  brokers.  Their  business,  as  a  firm,  is  to  effect  insurance,  sell,  rent,  or  ex- 
change real  estate,  make  loans,  and  collect  past-due  claims.  Mr.  Geo.  W.  Petty  has  been  for  some 
years  a  constable,  collector,  and  auctioneer,  and  is  expert  in  his  business,  affable  and  genial  in  his 
bearing  to  all.  Mr.  Luther  Shafer  is  of  the  firm  of  Uildreth  &  Shafer,  counselors  at  law,  37  Park 
Row,  New  York  City.  He  is  Master  and  Examiner  in  Chancery  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  and 
will  be  found  very  conveniently  located,  in  his  Rutherford  oftice,  by  those  seeking  legal  advice  in 
reference  to  titles,  or  otlior  mattcjrs. 

The  Ajiiericau  Home  Commission  Company,  whose  business  is  to  furnish  all  manner  of 
articles  required  by  house  builders  or  housekeepers,  have  a  branch  office,  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
ceiving orders,  in  the  office  ot  "  The  Bergen  County  Herald."  This  company  deserves  the  patrona"-e 
of  all  careful  buyers,  as  it  was  especially  organized  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  goods  at  manu  ac- 
turers'  prices,  thus  absolutely  saving  to  its  customers  the  ordinary  dealers'  profits.  It  buys  no 
goods  for  which  it  has  no  orders,  and  sells  none  except  on  commission.  It  is  prepared  to  furnisli, 
promptly,  from  any  one  of  a  thousand  factories,  any  class  or  kind  of  goods  wanted  to  build  or  fur- 
nish a  home,  from  a  carpet-tack  to  a  grand  piano,  at  manufacturers'  prices. 


S32 


no>rE    BriLDixo 


STORES  OF  MB.  A.  W.  VAN   WIJSKLE,  KEFEKRED  TO  ON  PAGE  231. 


WEST    RUTHERFORD 

Is  the  local  name  for  the  north-westerly  side  of  Rutherford.  It  is  about  one  mile  from 
that  station,  and  all  that  has  been  said  of  that  place  will  apply  in  a  greater  or  less  degree  to 
this.  There  are,  however,  two  or  three  noteworthy  differences,  viz. :  It  possesses  a  splendid 
hotel,  and  is  the  site  of  an  extensive  bleachery.  There  is  erected  here  a  handsome  new  depot, 
situated  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  east  of  the  magnificent  new  iron  bridge  that  spans  the  Passaic 
River.  Before  crossing  which,  every  train  that  passes  along  the  Erie  Railway  is  compelled  to  stop, 
thereby  affording  the  citizens,  and  especially  the  guests  of  the  hotel,  most  complete  and  extraor- 
dinary facilities  for  travel  to  and  from  New- York. 

The  West  Rutherford  Hotel  occupies  the  site  chosen  for  a  magnificent  mansion  about  35 
years  ago  by  Captain  Holsman,  and  upon  which  he  expended  in  buildings  over  $50,000  in  the 
days  of  gold.  The  position  is  one  of  charming  character.  The  buildings  stand  on  a  high  plateau, 
the  base  of  which  is  washed  by  the  sparkling  waters  of  the  Passaic  River.  Within  800  feet  of 
the  hotel,  upon  the  banks  of  the  river,  the  owners  have  erected  extensive  platforms  and  a  pavil- 
lioned  dock.  The  original  old  mansion,  which  is  of  brick  and  stone,  has  yearly  received  extensive 
additions  as  the  growth  of  business  demanded,  until  it  has  reached  the  dignity  of  being  pronounced 
one  of  the  largest  and  best  appointed  Summer  resorts  in  the  county.  All  the  water  used  in  this 
hotel  is  pumped  up  from  a  mammoth  well,  which  supplies  cold,  liquid  crystal  in  inexhaustible 
quantities.  The  hotel,  and  the  entire  "Holsman"  lands,  are  owned  by  a  company  of  gentlemen 
who  are  also  New  York  business  men  of  wide  reputation.  The  lands  consist  of  a  splendid  tract 
lying  along  the  banks  of  the  Passaic  River,  and  containing  about  160  acres.  A  large  portion  of 
these  lands  have  been  thoroughly  graded,  drained,  laid  out,  and  shade  trees  planted  along  the 
streets  and  avenues. 

The  entire  property  is  under  the  management  of  Mr.  A.  G.  Darwin,  225  Broadway,  New  York. 
Mr.  D.  is  a  gentleman  of  broad  views  and  extended  experience.  He  is  now  selling  the  hmds  and 
furnishing  funds  to  erect  houses  thereon.  The  house  shown  in  plate  No.  31  has  just  been  completed 
on  one  of  the  plots  of  this  property,  in  the  center  of  a  very  pleasant  locality.  The  terms  offered  to 
those  wishing  to  locate  at  this  place  arc  such  as  must  certainly  prove  of  substantial  value  to  them. 


II  O  I^E  E      BUILDING.  233 


The  Bleachory  stands  on  the  northerly  side  of  the  railroad,  about  half  a  mile  from  the  hotel.  It 
is  leased  and  run  by  Messrs.  Chadwick  Bros.  It  has  the  advantage  of  using  the  purest  spring  water 
in  the  State,  although  the  Messrs.  Chadwick  are  the  inventors  of  a  method  of  bleaching  which  defies 
muddy  water.  This  enterprise  affords  employment  to  a  large  number  of  sober,  industrious  citizens, 
who  mostly  live  in  a  little  village  further  north. 


PASSAIC    BRIDGE. 

All  who  have  traveled  much  AviU  understand  the  statement  that  there  are  few  places  which 
se§m  to  possess  the  charm  of  appearing  pleasant,  no  matter  when  or  how  you  approach  them. 
Passaic  Bridge,  in  the  experience  of  the  writer,  is  one  of  the  few.  The  depot  is  a  commodious,  well 
designed  building,  situated  about  three  hundred  feet  west  of  the  picturesque  Passaic,  at  one  of  its 
most  charming  points.  The  lands  near  this  center  rise  up  high  as  they  recede  from  the  river, 
affording  good  drainage  and  a  sunny  aspect.  A  few  streets  have  been  properly  graded,  and  a  nnm- 
ber  of  houses,  equal  to  the  average  of  those  described  at  Rutherford,  have  been  erected.  The  values 
of  lots  are  al)Out  the  same  as  those  quoted  at  the  last  named  place,  at  corresponding  distances  from 
the  depot.  The  recently  incorporated  limits  of  Passaic  City  were  extended  so  as  to  embrace  this 
place  and  the  lands  about  half  a  mile  further  down  the  river.  A  short  distance  up  the  river,  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  Passaic,  is  situated  the  well-known  lumber  yards  of  W.  S.  Anderson,  Esq.,  where 
an  extensive  stock,  of  all  materials  required  in  building  houses,  is  always  on  hand,  and  selling  at 
the  prices  noted  in  Table  No.  1.  The  proximity  of  this  establishment  to  the  "  Bridge  "  enables 
builders,  and  those  who  contemplate  building,  to  obtain  materials  or  estimates  to  furnish  them,  at 
little  trouble  or  inconvenience. 


PASSAIC    CITY. 


Five  miles  south-east  of  Paterson,  N.  J.,  twelve  miles  north-westof  New  York  City,  and  two  miles 
of  Rutherford,  is  situated  the  pleasant  little  town,  incorporated  four  years  since,  under  the  name 
at  the  head  of  this  article.  The  Erie  Railway  depot  stands  on  a  level  plain  at  the  intersection  of 
Bloomfield  and  Railway  Aves.,  and  Washington  Place. 

The  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western  Railroad  Depot  is  located  on  Bloomfield  Ave.,  about 
half  a  mile  south-west  of  the  Erie  Depot,  on  a  high  plateau  lying  between  the  first  and  second  hills 
which  rise  so  prominently  in  that  direction.  A  hundred  years  ago  General  Washington  left  his 
army,  which  lay  among  the  Ramapo  Mountains,  stretching  toward  West  Point,  and  accompanied 
by  a  few  of  his  staff,  a  batallion  of  faithful  riflemen,  and  a  squad  of  wary  scouts,  proceeded  to  re- 
connoiter  the  position  of  the  British  army  (which  at  that  time  occupied  the  City  of  New  York),  and 
to  gather  up  such  information  as  might  be  obtainable  in  that  vicinity. 

At  one  period  of  this  expedition  Washington's  headquarters  were  established,  for  a  sliort  time, 
at  an  old-fashioned,  stone,  Dutch-gabled  dwelling-house,  which  is  still  standing  near  the  intersec- 
tion of  Railway  and  Main  Aves.,  and  but  a  few  hundred  feet  from  the  Passaic  River.  Its  position 
was  in  those  days  a  central  one,  in  the  little  town  known  then,  and  until  a  few  years  past,  as 
Acquackanonk. 

The  days  of  the  old  names  that,  when  heard  by  our  fathers,  brought  to  their  minds  pleasant 
recollections  of  friends,  scenes  of  frolic  or  adventure,  have  faded,  and  we,  their  grandchildren,  have 
advanced  to  the  age  of  gray  hairs;  have  suddenly  and  rapidly  built  up  cities  where  they  delighted  ia 


234  HOME     BUILDING. 

the  smallest  hamlets;  have  apparently  forgotten  that  we  have  a  history  to  preserve,  as  well  as  the 
memory  of  our  fathers  to  perpetuate,  and  so  have  laid  ruthless  hands  on  the  old  land  marks.  Not 
content  with  that  wanton  desecration,  we  have  torn  from  our  historical  scroll  of  honor  the  verj' 
names  which  brought  to  the  hearts  of  those  brave  old  men  images  that  we  are  making  ourselves 
powerless  to  recall.  Let  us  pause  !  and  as  we  look  Avith  patriotic  thought  across  the  century  of  our 
national  career,  determine  never  more  to  allow  the  changing  of  names,  which  belong  to  the  most 
important  period  of  our  country's  history. 

It  is  not  needful  that  we  should  pursue  this  course  of  demolition.  We  are  creating  thousands 
of  new  towns  and  cities,  let  us  be  content  to  apply  to  them  such  names  as  we  deem  appropriate  and 
desirable,  and  by  every  means  maintain  and  perpetuate  our  already  too  few  historic  names. 

Inhabitants.  Passaic  City  is  among  the  places  to  w^hich  New  York  business  men  have  gone 
with  their  families  in  great  numbers  during  the  past  few  years,  and  its  population  has  rapidly  in- 
creased from  a  few  dozens  to  about  5,000. 

The  healthfulness  of  the  place  has  proved  to  be  of  the  best  character,  especially  on  the  westei'n 
side  of  the  railway,  upon  the  high  rolling  lands  of  that  locality.  The  Hotels  of  this  place  are  few 
and  indifferent  in  character;  although,  doubtless,  a  first-class  one  erected  in  a  high,  commanding 
position,  would  be  well  filled  the  year  round. 

The  Industrial  establishments  of  this  city  are  located  on  its  eastern  side,  where  water-power 
facilities  have  been  extensively  provided  by  an  incorporation  known  as  the  Dundee  Water  and 
Land  Co.  A  bend  in  the  Passaic  River,  taking  the  general  form  of  a  horse  shoe,  made  it  possible 
for  this  company,  a  few  years  since,  to  build  a  dam  across  the  river  a  mile  or  two  above  and  bring 
through  a  canal  excavated  across  the  heel  of  the  shoe,  and  for  about  a  mile  along  the  brow  of  a 
small  ravine,  formed  by  the  Acquackanonk  Creek — a  large  bodj"^  of  water,  along  which  several  ex- 
tensive factories  and  mills  have  been  built,  and  where  many  hundreds  of  men  and  women  find  con- 
stant and  profitable  employment. 

Among  these  establishments  are  a  Bleachery,  Foundery  and  Machine  Shop,  Rubber  Works, 
Shoddy  Mills,  Cotton  Mills,  Wire  Mill,  and  Print  Works.  The  means  of  communication  with  this 
center  of  industry,  for  freighting  purposes,  is  the  Passaic  River  and  Erie  Railway.  Its  close  prox- 
imity to  New  York  City  has  caused  a  rapid  growth  of  enterprise  which  will,  no  doubt,  continue  to 
the  utmost  limit  of  the  facilities  afforded. 

Institutions.  There  are  eight  churches  in  Passaic  City,  and  the  moral  tone  of  the  place,  es- 
pecially the  west  side,  is  very  good.  The  sectarian  sentiment  is  divided  into  one  Baptist,  one  Pres- 
byterian, one  Methodist,  one  Episcopalian,  three  Dutch  Reform  and  one  Roman  Catholic  congrega- 
tions. Most  of  them  have  elegant  houses  of  worship,  and  are  wielding  a  power  for  good  in 
the  place. 

Two  large  brick  school-houses  have  been  erected  within  the  past  five  years,  which  afford  ample 
accommodation  at  this  time,  and  free  public  schools  of  a  high  grade  are  maintained  in  them.  There 
are  private  schools  in  the  place  which  are  highly  spoken  of. 

The  private  residences  of  Passaic  are,  many  of  them,  very  beautiful  buildings.  Our  entire  list 
of  illustrations  in  this  work  have  in  that  city  their  representatives  in  class.  The  cost  of  building  is 
not  different  from  that  which  prevails  in  Rutherford. 

Real  Estate.  A  large  majority  of  the  business  men  of  Passaic  are  actively  engaged  in  their 
different  callings  in  the  City  of  New  York,  and  most  of  those  who  are  proprietors  of  the  different 
mills  located  along,  and  using  the  water-power  of  the  Dundee  Co.,  have  their  stores  and  head- 
quarters in  New  York,  and  visit  that  city  daily. 

This  of  necessity  makes  the  Erie  Railway  Depot  a  center  of  first  importance  in  connection  witli 
the  local  business  of  a  retail  nature,  and  influences  the  value  of  the  limited  number  of  lots  around 
that  center  to  a  very  material  extent,  some  of  them  being  valued  as  high  as  $3,000  per  city  lot  (25 
xlOO  feet). 

Railway  Avenue  is  at  present  the  principal  thoroughfare,  Passaic  Street,  Washington  Place,  and 
Bloorafield  Avenue,  are  looked  upon  as  the  principal  business  streets  of  the  future,  and  their  posi- 
tions certainly  warrant  tlie  expectation;  the  lot  values  along  these  streets  average  $")00  eacli.    Passaic, 


n  O  ]\[  E      B  U  I  L  1)  I  N^  G  .  235 

Pennington,  Bloomfield,  Gregory,  Paulison,  and  Lafayette  Avenues,  arc  llie  most  desirable  for  resi- 
dences, especially  within  tlie  circle  of  their  contact  with  each  other,  where  the  average  value  of  lots 
would  be  about  $500  each,  and  they  are  of  the  best  cliaracter.  Passaic  and  Gregory  Avenues  are 
the  leading  streets  as  yet,  both  with  reference  to  the  nature  and  extent  of  their  buildings.  We 
would  refer  any  who  think  of  locating  in  Passaic  City  to  Mr.  Robert  Foulds,  No.  95  Chambers  St., 
N.  Y.  This  gentleman  is  not  engaged  in  the  real  estate  business,  but  he  is  interested  in  the  welfare 
of  the  place,  and  is  a  man  of  sterling  integrity,  and  knows  all  about  the  merits  and  values  of  the 
property  there. 

(xcneral  Advantages.  It  would  be  necessary  to  know  what  particular  desire  or  object  was 
aimed  at  on  the  part  of  the  person  seeking  information  in  reference  to  any  special  place,  before  we 
could  with  any  confidence  venture  to  advise  him  what  course  to  pursue.  We  can,  however,  l)y 
specifying  certain  characteristics  of  position,  development,  or  possibilities,  indicate  the  decision 
which  might  be  wisely  made.  This  city  is  lighted  by  gas,  supplied  with  water,  and  has  most  of  its 
sidewalks  paved  or  planked.  Its  resources  for  manufacture  in  connection  with  the  Dundee  Water 
Co.  should  attract  those  who  are  on  the  lookout  for  increased  advantages  in  that  line.  As  a  place 
of  residence  for  New  York  business  men,  it  is  only  excelled  in  one  particular  by  any  place,  which 
is  as  follows:  Rutherford  is  ten  minutes  nearer  New-York,  which  would  make  a  difference  of  20 
minutes  a  day  in  the  time  required  to  be  lost  on  the  trains  by  the  resident,  or  about  15  days  of  eight 
hours'  each  within  a  year,  which,  of  course,  would  be  of  considerable  importance  to  gentlemen  in 
certain  lines  of  business.  The  cost  of  living  in  Passaic  City  does  not  materially  differ  from  that  of 
Rutherford. 

Building  Mflterials  are  ensily  and  economically  obtained  in  Passaic  City;  great  quarries  of 
brown  stone  exist  in  the  surrounding  hills,  while  the  low  level  lands  abound  in  inexhaustible  stores  of 
excellent  building  sand.  The  extensive  lumber  yards  of  W.  S.  Anderson  are  located  on  the  Passaic 
River,  near  the  foot  of  Railway  Avenue,  where  a  well  assorted  stock  of  lumber,  timber,  lime,  brick, 
nails,  shingles,  posts,  and  laths,  are  always  on  hand  at  the  market  price.  This  yard  is  one  of  the 
oldest  and  best  known  in  the  county,  and  the  owner  enjoys  a  reputation  as  a  merchant  and  gentle- 
man seldom  met  with  in  any  city. 

Carpenters'  Labor  is  readily  obtained  at  the  rates  averaging  as  shown  in  our  tables  for  this 
place.  There  are  several  building  firms  who  have  distinguished  themselves  in  their  line,  among 
them  Mr.  Wm.  Rushmer  has  executed  some  of  the  most  elegant  villas  and  cottages  in  the  city.  He 
was  the  builder  of  the  splendid  French-roof  house  shown  in  Plate  No.  32.  He  has  been 
complained  of,  by  some  of  the  rival  builders,  as  figuring  his  work  down  to  a  point  detri- 
mental to  them,  but  we  have  not  yet  seen  that  tlic  fact  was  productive  of  loss  to  his  customers;  his 
shop  was  on  Main  Avenue,  near  River  Street,  when  we  last  observed  it,  but  in  case  it  may  have 
been  moved  to  some  other  quarter,  a  little  inquiry  would  aid  in  finding  it. 

Heniy  A.  Talbert  is  another  of  the  builders  of  this  city  who  have  made  tlieir  mark.  He  was  at 
one  time  in  partnership  with  another  builder;  while  thus  associated  his  firm  built  the  Dundee 
School-house,  and  some  of  the  largest  factories  in  the  place.  He  can  be  readily  found  by  inquiry  or 
by  letter,  and  is  always  ready  to  estimate. 

Plumbing  and  House  Fittings  are  items  in  connection  with  building  that  associate  with  them 
a  great  amount  of  concern.  It  appears  to  be  exceedingly  easy  to  get  a  worthless  job  of  plumbing 
done,  and  very  difficult  to  get  a  thoroughly  well  executed  one.  In  view  of  these  facts  we  propose  to 
recommend,  without  fear,  the  Denholm  Brothers  of  Passaic  City.  They  are  plumbers,  tin,  copper, 
and  slieet  iron  workers,  steam  and  gas  fitters,  put  up  hot  air  furnaces  and  pipes,  keep  on  hand  a 
general  stock  of  house  furnishing  and  fitting  goods.  Their  store  can  be  readily  found  by  inquiry, 
as  it  is  centrally  located  on  Railway  Avenue.  In  all  our  searching  and  testing,  we  have  found  but 
few  men  in  their  line  we  could  so  implicitly  trust  with  perfect  confidence. 

Among  other  advantages  which  a  city  provided  with  what  is  the  "modern  improvements" 
should  have,  may  be  mentioned  the  fact  that  the  large  number  of  people  thus  brought  together 
make  it  possible  for  physicians  and  dentists  to  locate  in  their  midst,  who  stand  liiirh  in  their  pro- 
fessions.    This  city  enjoys  such  an  advantage,  especially  with  reference  to  the  latter,   Dr.  Charles 


236  IIOXE      BUILDIXG. 

^l.  Howe,  corner  Main  and  Bloomfield  Avenues,  is  not  only  known  in  Passaic,  N.  J.,  but  in  many 
towns  along  the  Erie  Railway,  as  a  dentist  wliom  it  is  pleasant  and  profitable  to  patronize. 

Future  Prospects. — Nc  one  that  has  been  accustomed  to  watch  the  rise  and  progress  of  our 
American  towns  and  cities,  especially  those  which  are  less  than  within  an  hour's  ride  of  the 
heart  of  New  York,  can  stand  on  any  of  the  prominent  positions  in  or  around  Passaic  and  not  be 
able  to  see  and  understand  that  less  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  will  see  its  present  limits  filled  to 
overflowing,  and  find  it  stretching  to  meet  Belleville  on  the  south,  and  Paterson  on  the  north. 


CLIFTON. 


Two  miles  north-east  of  Passaic  City,  on  a  comparatively  level  plain  of  the  beautiful  Passaic 
Valley,  flanked  by  the  Erie  Railway  on  the  north-east,  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western 
Railroad  on  the  south-west,  and  in  full  view  of  that  bold  promontory  of  the  Orange  Mountains, 
which  stands  as  a  sentinel  on  the  south  of  the  City  of  Paterson,  is  located  the  rapidlj"  increasing 
village  of  residence  for  New  York  merchants  and  professionals,  known  by  the  name  of  Clifton.  It 
was  projected  about  1865,  and  has  a  population  of  over  300.  The  lands  of  this  locality  are  con- 
siderably less  elevated  than  those  upon  which  the  finest  portion  of  Passaic  City  stands,  and  are, 
therefore,  not  so  well  drained  and  aired,  but  our  investigations  have  shown  that  the  healthfulness  of 
the  place  is  about  equal  to  the  excellent  character  of  that  at  the  last-named  city. 

There  are  apparentlj'  no  natural  advantages  in  favor  of  manufacturing  industries  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity  of  this  village,  and  this  is  probably  one  of  the  attractive  features  it  presents  to  the 
class  of  gentlemen  who  have  located  their  homes  around  this  center.  There  is  one  church  (Metho- 
dist) and  a  well-conducted  public  school,  both  centrally  located  and  well  attended,  although  the 
churches  and  schools  of  Passaic  are  but  a  short  distance  awa}-. 

The  Buildings  that  are  being  erected  at  Clifton  would  class  with  plates  5,  11,  12, 17,  28  and  33, 
and  their  first  cost  averages  but  slightly  above  that  of  the  same  class  of  buildings  at  Rutherford, 
N.  J.  The  extensive  lumber  yards  of  W.  S.  Anderson,  at  Passaic  City,  are  ver}'  largel}'  drawn  upon 
for  supplies,  in  the  line  of  building  materials,  needed  at  this  place.  Stone  and  sand  are  found  in 
ample  abundance  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the  locality  where  most  of  the  improvements 
are  being  carried  forward. 

The  Future  of  Clifton  may  be  seen  to  giadually  rise  in  importance  while  looking  at  the  fact 
that  it  lays  well  within  the  bounds  of  the  most  accessible  country  within  an  hour's  travel  of  the  City 
of  New  York. 


LAK£    VIEW. 

The  above  name  was  given  to  this  pleasant  locality  because  of  the  fact  that  from  the  crown  of 
the  lands  which  gently  rise  from  the  Erie  Railway  toward  the  north-east,  for  about  half  a  mile,  may 
be  seen  that  entire  body  of  water,  caused  by  the  Dundee  Water  Co  's  dam  across  the  P;issaic  River, 
and  known  as  Lake  Dundee.  This  place  was  projected  in  1869,  and  soon  after  a  number  of  dwell- 
ings were  erected  by  business  men  from  New  York  and  Paterson.  Its  growth  has  been  gradual 
though  not  rapid;  its  present  population,  general  character,  style  of  buildings,  cost  of  living  and 
building  being  about  equal  to  Clifton's.  There  is  a  street  railroad  connecting  this  place  with  the 
City  of  Paterson,  from  which  it  is  less  than  two  miles  removed,  and  of  which  it  will,  before  a  score 
of  years  pass  over  it,  become  a  part. 


HOME    BUILDING.  237 


PATERSON. 


Seventeen  miles  north-west  of  New  York,  and  connected  therewith  by  the  Erie,  Dehiwarc, 
Lackawanna  and  Western,  and  Midland  Railroads.  The  citj^  was  projected  in  1791,  has  now  aboi:t 
40,000  inhabitants,  and  is  the  capital  of  Passaic  County,  N.  J.  Some  of  its  surroundings  are  the 
most  attractive  and  picturesque  of  any  within  the  same  distance  of  New  York.  At  the  westerly 
side  of  the  city  stands  the  bold  terminus  of  the  first  mountain,  at  the  foot  of  which  the  Passaic 
River  sweeps  along  toward  the  city,  and  suddenly  leaps  into  a  chasm  of  over  fifty  feet  in  depth, 
turns  off  at  a  right  angle  toward  the  south,  and  rushes  through  a  deep  precipitous  canon  for  a  few 
hundred  feet,  when  it  again  breaks  on  a  sharp  angle  toward  the  east,  and  continues  its  rapid  course 
throui^h  and  around  the  City  of  Paterson  toward  the  ocean. 

Tlie  Healthfuliiess  of  this  city  does  not  average  equal  to  that  of  many  cities  of  as  great  a  num- 
ber of  mhabitants;  a  fact,  however,  which  cannot  be  justly  attributed  to  its  position,  as  there  are 
few  places  of  its  size  which  enjoy  superior  natural  advantages  for  obtaining  good  drainage,  and  a 
pure  invigorating  atmosphere,  but  which  is  traceable  to  the  fact  that  the  enormous  manufactuiing 
industries  of  the  place  have  brought  together,  in  some  of  the  most  unfavorable  positions,  a  large 
number  of  laborers  and  operatives,  a  large  majority  of  whom  are  of  foreign  birth  and  who  manage, 
through  the  aid  of  rum,  to  exhaust  their  small  incomes  in  other  ways  than  caring  for  the  health  and 
comfort  of  themselves  and  families. 

Hotels.  There  are  a  number  of  very  well  conducted  hotels  in  Paterson,  where  the  traveler  or 
investigator  may  find  the  requisite  appliances  for  rest,  food,  and  repose.  Among  them  are  the 
Franklin  and  Hamilton  Houses,  and  the  United  States  Hotel. 

Industries.  The  natural  advantages  presented  by  the  Falls  of  the  Passaic  River  have,  by  the 
means  of  a  dam  thrown  across  the  river,  just  above  the  Falls,  been  utilized  to  a  very  full  extent, 
the  result  of  which  is  an  enormous  water-power  facility  in  the  neighborhood  of  which  some  of  the 
most  extensive  and  well-known  manufacturing  enterprises  in  the  State  are  located.  Among  them 
are  Silk  Mills,  Cotton  Mills,  Locomotive  Works,  Paper  Mills,  Dying  and  Bleaching  Establishments, 
Carriage  Manufactories,  Engine  and  Machine  Shops,and  many  others,  all  of  which  seem  to  be  doing 
a  prosperous  business,  and  afford  means  of  employment  tor  thousands  of  busy  men  and  women. 
Notwithstanding  the  vast  gathering  together  ot  wheels,  belts,  lathes,  anvils,  and  the  thousands  of 
whirring  machines,  the  roar  of  which  is  like  the  tramp  of  a  mighty  army,  there  is  still  ample  room 
for  scores  of  other  enterprises,  and  the  wonderful  natural  advantages  of  the  locality,  with  its  rail- 
road and  canal  facilities  for  transportation,  combine  to  make  it  the  most  desirable  point  at  which  to 
locate  a  manufacturing  business  within  a  hundred  miles  of  New  York. 

Institutions.  Paterson  is  eminently  a  manufacturing  city,  and  as  yet  is  not  the  home  of  any 
great  educational  institution,  although  its  public  and  private  schools  are  ample,  and  ably  conducted. 
No  doubt  before  many  years  there  will  be  established  there,  upon  some  one  of  the  grand  positions 
which  lay  on  either  side  of  the  Passaic  above  the  Falls,  such  an  institution  of  learning  as  the  place 
demands,  in  order  to  bring  it  to  that  high  standard  which  every  American  city  should  aim  to  reach. 
Churches,  banks,  newspapers,  and  benevolent  societies,  have  found  generous  encouragement  in  this 
city,  and  some  of  them  are  among  the  foremost  in  the  State,  while  all  appear  to  be  in  a  healthy, 
growing  condition. 

Buildings.  Many  of  the  most  expensive  and  elegant  residences  of  this  place  are  built  of  wood, 
although  a  few  are  of  brick  and  stone.  Broadway  is,  perhaps,  the  most  fashionable  street  in  the 
city,  it  is  laid  across  a  high,  well-drained  position,  and  is  studded  with  costly  villas  and  beautiful 
cottages.  By  far  the  larger  part  of  the  dwelling-houses  of  Paterson  are  of  moderate  cost  or  preten- 
sions, as  the  majority  of  the  people  belong  to  the  industrial  classes. 

The  average  cost  of  building  at  this  place  is  slightly  below  that  of  any  point  between  it  and 
Jersey  City,  for  the  reason  that  both  labor  and  materials  can  be  economized. 

Future  Prospects.  "Honesty,  Industry  and  Sobriety "  are  cardinal  virtues,  and  the  people 
who  emulate  them  must  as  surely  rise  to  prosperous  greatness  as  that  the  people  who  wink  at,  and 


238  HOME    BTJILDIKG. 

by  their  apathy  encourage  intemperance,  reveling  and  vice,  must,  sooner  or  later,  decline,  and 
finally  sink  down  into  irretrievable  disgrace  and  decay.  While  we  write  these  truths,  Paterson  has 
held  out  before  her  a  bright,  triumphant  future,  her  remarkable  natural  facilities  for  manufacture, 
adjacent  mountains  of  stone,  valleys  of  sand  and  brick  clay,  her  proximity  to  New  York  City,  with 
her  lines  or  railroads  and  canal  communication  therewith,  combined  with  her  already  advanced 
position  as  an  industrial  city,  are  sufficient  guarantees  that  her  future  prosperity  need  not  be  broken 
or  checked  if  her  people  shall  be  found  to  be  alive  to  her  best  interests  and  present  advantages. 

There  are  no  comforts  in  connection  with  "  Home  Building,"  peculiar  to  cities,  that  are  sup- 
plied with  gas  and  water,  and  have  their  streets  and  walks  paved,  which  Paterson  does  not  already 
possess,  while  the  social  tendency  of  her  people  surpasses  most  places  of  as  great  a  population. 

The  rich  and  fertile  valley  of  the  Passaic  stretches  for  miles  to  the  south-west,  from  which 
pours  down,  in  their  seasons,  all  the  varieties  of  vegetables  and  fruits  which  the  inhabitants  of  any 
city  could  wish  for. 


HAWTHORN. 


The  depot,  which  in  all  railroad  towns  and  cities  is  the  point  from  which  the  distance  is  taken 
to  the  neighboring  or  distant  place  on  the  same  line  of  road,  is  about  two  miles  by  the  Erie  Railway 
from  Paterson 

It  is  the  center  of  a  beautiful  country,  and  is  near  the  sight  of  historic  events  In  connection  wiili 
the  early  Dutch  settlers.  It  was  near  this  place  where  the  grandfather  of  one  of  the  most  gentle- 
manly conductors  on  the  Erie  Railway  narrowly  escaped  being  carried  into  ihe  British  camp  as  a 
prisoner  of  war.  It  was  midsummer,  and  the  then  young  garrison  was,  after  several  hours  of  hard 
toil,  resting  his  weary  limbs  under  the  shadow  of  a  spreading  chestnut,  when  he  was  surprised  by  a 
foraging  party  from  the  British  camp.  He  peaceably  fell  into  line,  and  continued  to  accompany 
his  captors  for  a  few  hundred  rods,  when  his  Dutch  blood  began  to  rebel;  a  disposition  aided  by 
the  presence  of  a  long  wide  thicket  of  briars,  elders  and  shrubs;  into  this  he  leaped  barefooted,  and 
dashed  for  liberty  with  the  rush  of  an  elk.  When  he  reached  camp,  his  great  brawny  feet  and  le^^s 
had  the  appearance  of  having  just  been  extracted  from  a  den  of  wild  cats,  while  his  old  hat,  which 
had  acted  as  a  protection  to  his  bowsprit,  looked  as  if  it  had  just  emerged  from  a  shoddy  mill. 

This  place  will,  before  many  years,  become  a  part  of  Paterson,  for  which  reason  its  future 
is  undoubtedly  yoked  with  that  city. 


SUFFERN. 


At  this  point  the  Erie  Railway,  as  it  now  exists,  meets  the  old  route,  which  formerly  kept 
within  the  State  of  New  York  by  continuing  its  course  directly  to  tlie  Hudson  River  at  Piermont. 
It  is  32  miles  from  New  York  and  13  from  Paterson  by  way  of  the  Erie.  This  town  has  made  its 
principal  growth  since  the  railroad  passed  through  it,  and  has  at  present  about  1,000  inhabitants. 
It  is  among  Ihe  foot-hills  of  the  Ramapo  Mountains  and  near  the  entrance  to  a  valley  of  that  name 
It  is  a  healthy  locality,  and  there  are  a  few  very  fair  Summer  Hotels  located  here. 

In  the  daj's  of  the  Revolution  the  Ramapo  Gap  was  the  thoroughfare  by  which  communication 
was  held  between  New  York  City  and  the  Northwestern  part  of  the  State.  In  this  locality  Wash- 
ington and  his  army,  with  their  French  allies,  at  one  time  spent  man)'  anxious  months  of  waiting 
and  watching.     There  are  tbree  churchee  at  this  village  and  a  good  public  school. 


HOME     BUILDING.  239 

Buildings.  There  are  no  facilities  for  procuring  materials  or  labor  either  to  build,  adorn  or 
furnish  a  house  at  this  place  superior  to  those  places  which  have  already  been  spoken  of  between 
Jersey  City  and  Suflern.  There  are  a  number  of  handsome  houses  of  mo  leru  styles  which  have 
been  erected  within  the  past  few  years,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  lapse  of  a  few  more  j-cars  will 
bring  a  marked  change  in  this  respect. 


RAMAPO. 


On  leaving  Suffern,  the  Erie  Railway,  going  west,  passes  through  the  Ramapo  Valley,  amid 
scenes  of  beauty  and  fertility  seldom  surpassed.  At  this  point,  which  is  2  miles  from  Suffern  and 
34  from  New  York,  the  valley  is  narrowed  to  what  in  the  distant  west  would  be  called  a  canyon. 
This  place,  situated  as  it  is,  in  the  heart  of  the  Ramapo  Mountains,  is  at  once  healthy  and  attrac- 
tive. There  are  one  or  two  pleasantly  located  Hotels  here,  which  are  very  popular  with  their 
patrons,  especially  in  the  Summer  season.  The  chief  Industries  of  the  place  are  the  extensive 
works  of  the  Ramapo  ]\Ianufacturing  Co.  and  the  Ramapo  Wheel  and  Foundery  Co.  These 
establishments,  with  others,  employ  the  water  power  afforded  by  darning  the  Ramapo  River  and 
turning  its  forces  upon  a  multitude  of  turbins. 

There  are  a  number  of  Biiildiiu>-s  in  the  town  equal  to  Plates  9,  12,  18  and  24,  although  the 
much  greater  number  of  dwellings  are  the  cottages  of  the  operators,  which  present  a  neat,  thrifty 
appearance. 

Ramapo  is  the  center  of  an  iron  mining  region,  which  was  first  brought  into  prominence  a 
little  before  the  close  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  and  which  has  not  yet  reached  its  zenith  of  de- 
velopment. Its  future  will,  no  doubt,  continue  to  be  identified  with  those  industries  for  many 
years,  while  at  the  same  time  its  popularity  as  a  place  of  residence  will  gradually  increase. 


TURNERS. 


This  place  is  well  known  to  all  who  have  tiavcled  the  Erie  Railway  for  any  number  of  years.  It 
is  48  miles  from  New  York,  and  is  the  point  at  which  the  the  Eric  short-cut  branches  off  for  New- 
burgh.  Its  present  population  numbers  about  300,  and  the  healthfulncss  of  the  place  is  at  a  high 
standard. 

We  consider  this  the  extreme  point  at  which  any  New  York  City  business  man  should  attempt 
to  live,  and  attend  daily  to  his  business  in  the  city.  To  live  here  he  will  be  required  to  devote  four 
hours  daily  to  travel,  from  his  home  to  his  business  and  return,  a  time  equal  to  sixty  days  per  year, 
or  two  months'  constant  riding,  day  and  night;  and  he  would,  in  the  meantime,  accojnplish  a  journey 
of  over  35,000  miles. 

Until  within  the  past  few  months,  this  town  enjoyed  the  "reputation  of  possessing  one  of  the 
finesl  depots  (also  a  splendid  hotel)  that  was  to  be  found  along  the  entire  road,  whether  it  is  intended 
to  rebuild  it  or  not  (it  having  been  destroyed  by  fire  in  1875)  we  have  not  yet  positively  learned. 

Future  Prospects.  Although  the  time  required  to  reach  this  town  from  New  York  makes  it 
only  possible  for  men  of  considerable  means,  or  those  who  are  so  situated  as  to  be  able  to  devote 
the  necessary  time  to  make  the  round  trip  daily,  to  build  up  their  homes  here,  and  attend  to  busi- 
ness in  New  York;  yet  the  place  presents  many  superior  attractions  to  those  who  can  afford  such  an 
everj^-day  luxury,  and  will  gradually  be  sought  out  by  such,  improved  and  beautified  as  their  several 
tastes  shall  dictate. 


240  HOME     BUILDING. 

Lying  well  in  the  border  of  the  finest  farming  and  grazing  lands  of  the  Jar-famed  Orange 
County;  flanked  by  mountains  from  whose  summits  may  be  seen  the  spires  of  many  towns  and 
cities,  and  the  glistening  waters  of  the  Hudson,  it  does  not  require  any  great  stretch  of  imagina- 
tion to  understand  that,  if  proper  attention  be  given  to  the  matter  by  those  who  are  now  interested 
m  the  place,  or  by  any  parties  who  may  choose  to  inaugurate  such  an  enterprise,  it  will  not  be  diffi- 
cult to  develop  Turners  into  a  very  popular  Summer  resort  and  place  of  residence  about  six  months 
in  the  year. 


GOSHEN. 

In  the  central  part  of  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  at  that  point  on  the  Erie  Railway  60  miles  distant 
from  New  York  City,  where  the  Wallkill  Valley  and  the  Pine  Island  branches  diverge  from  the 
main  track,  stands  this  old  and  flourishing  town.  It  was  projected  near  the  middle  of  the  Eight- 
eenth Century,  was  incorporated  in  1809,  and  its  present  population  numbers  3,000.  The  length  of 
time  that  Goshen  has  been  the  center  of  a  thriving,  vigorous  people,  has  been  sufficient  to  demon- 
strate the  fact,  beyond  theory,  that  it  is  a  plac3  of  unusual  healthfulness. 

The  fame  of  the  Wallkill  Valley,  the  many  interesting  and  attractive  points  of  resort  for  fishing 
and  huntmg,  the  elegant  private  parks,  broad  shady  streets,  pure,  invigorating  atmosphere,  and  the 
proverbial  good  living  of  Orange  County,  and  especially  of  this  town,  have  all  combined  to  make  it 
a  pomt  of  general  interest,  and  a  favorite  Summer  resort  for  a  large  number  of  independent,  quiet- 
loving  people  ol  New  York  and  other  great  cities,  and  has  largely  contributed  toward  the  estab- 
lishing of  several  good  Hotels.  Goshen  has  long  been  regarded  as  the  center  of  one  of  the  finest 
dairy  countries  m  the  States,  and  her  principal  industries  are  connected  with  her  agricultural  en- 
terprises. There  are,  however,  a  number  of  manufacturing  establishments — among  them  are  carriage 
and  wagon  making,  furniture  and  cabinet  shops,  an  iron  foundery,  a  turning  shop,  and  other  con- 
cerns engaged  in  various  useful  branches  of  manufacture. 

Institutions.  Goslien  has  had  much  written  of  her  in  reference  to  the  excellent  moral  tone  of 
her  people,  and  of  their  disposition  to  cultivate  a  high  respect  for  the  spiritual  and  social  well-being 
of  all  around  them.  There  are  Methodist,  Presbyterian,  Episcopalian,  and  Catholic  Churches, 
(one  each,)  in  the  place,  and  all  seem  to  be  in  a  prosperous  condition. 

The  schools  of  this  old  town  are  famed  for  their  superiority  and  numbers.  Among  them  are 
free  or  common  schools,  two  in  number;  a  female  seminary,  which  has  an  enviable  reputation  of 
long  standing;  a  graded  school,  highly  spoken  of;  and  a  classical  school  which  is  competent  to 
polish  off  whatever  of  rougliness  may  have  escaped  the  touch  of  the  other  masters.  There  are  also 
two  flourishing  banks  located  at  this  place,  and  two  well  patronized  newspapers,  the  "Goshen 
Democrat,"  which  claims  to  have  been  established  in  1736,  and  the  "  Independent  Republican," 
which  claims  to  have  been  established  in  1788.  The  former  is  Republican  in  its  politics,  and  the 
latter  Democratic. 

Buildings.  There  appears  to  have  been  a  steady,  though  not  rapid,  improvement  in  styles  as 
well  as  in  the  quality  of  the  dwelliqg-houses  and  other  buildings,  that  have  been  ererted  in  this 
town  and  its  surroundings,  the  past  twenty  years;  and  there  are  now  many  elegant  and  beautiful 
villas  and  cottages  to  be  met  with  along  its  shady  streets.  The  cost  of  building  here  is  below  that 
of  points  nearer  New  York,  for  the  reasons  that  both  materials  and  labor  can  be  obtained  at  slightly 
reduced  rates. 

Real  Estate.  Few  places  pos.sess  a  larger  proportion  of  eligible  lots  upon  which  to  locate  a 
home,  although  there  are  many  positions  superior  to  the  average,  especially  upon  some  of  the  more 
cmnmanding  elevations.  Good  building  lots  can  be  had,  at  present,  in  desirable  localities,  for  from 
$300  to  $500  per  lot,  although  many  are  worth  more  money.     Farms  in  the  neighborhood  of  Goshen 


II  O  M  E     li  U  I  L  D  I  N  G  .  241 

are  worth  from  |100  to  |300  per  acre,  where  they  can  be  had,  and  are  a  source  of  great  revenue  to 
the  provident  agricuHuralist,  which  place  them,  as  an  investment,  among  the  most  desirable.  The 
farmers  of  the  Wallkill  and  Otterkill  Valleys  are  pre-onunently  known  as  producers  of  horses,  sheep, 
cattle,  butter,  and  milk. 

Future  Prospects.  When  the  few  outlines  of  facts  recorded  above  are  carefully  studied,  and 
in  connection  therewith  it  is  remembered  that  Goshen  is  already  a  large  and  flourishing  town;  a 
railroad  center  of  some  importance,  is  one  of  the  capitals  of  the  county,  is  the  seat  of  many  wealthy 
and  honored  people,  is  surrounded  by  a  country  the  agricultural  resources  of  which  are  among  the 
best  in  the  State,  and  that  it  has  a  well  established  social  and  moral  community;  it  will  not  be  dilli- 
cult  to  see  that  her  future  need  only  to  improve  and  brighten  with  age. 

That  class  of  New  York  City  merchants  and  professionals,  who  need  onl}^  spend  one  or  two 
days  in  the  week  at  their  places  of  business,  will  tind  Goshen  to  be  a  very  pleasant  and  desirable 
place  at  which  to  locate  their  homes. 


MIDDLETOWN. 


This  splendid  little  city,  resting  upon  a  number  of  small  hills  and  narrow  valleys,  and  sur- 
rounded by  higher  hills  and  ridges,  some  of  which  stretch  their  beautiful  sloping  sides  considerably 
above  the  main  part  of  the  city,  is  67  miles  from  New  York  City,  near  the  center  of  the  western  half 
of  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Erie  Railway  and  the  New  Jersey,  New  Yo'k  and 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad.  The  first  Post  Office  established  in  Middletown  was  opened  Oct.  22, 1816, 
and  styled  "Middletown."  The  name  of  the  office  was  changed  to  "  South  Middletown,"  June  23, 
182y ;  and  the  original  and  present  name  was  again  applied  and  fastened  Sept.  10.  1849.  The  villjfge 
was  first  incorporated  Feb.  10,  1848,  and  the  present  number  of  inhabitants  is  about  8,500. 

The  natural  advantages  have  been  appropriated,  and,  in  connection  with  the  artificial  means 
employed,  the  city  has  been  provided  with  efficient  drainage,  which  has  no  doubt  contributed 
largely  towards  raising  the  average  of  healthfulness  to  that  high  standard  we  find  it  now  enjoying. 
There  are  a  number  of  good  Hotels  in  this  city,  which  appear  to  be  quite  well  patronized,  especially 
from  May  until  November.  Among  them  is  the  "  Grand  Central,"  which,  perhaps,  stands  as  high 
as  any  in  the  estimation  of  judges,  and  its  charges  are  reasonable. 

Principal  Industries.  One  of  the  surprises  we  met  with  upon  our  first  visit  of  inquiry  to  this 
little  inland  city  was  the  great  extent  to  which  manufacturing  enterprise  has  been  pushed,  apparently 
witaout  any  particular  advantages  on  the  part  of  Nature  to  favor  such  a  development,  save  that  it  be 
found  in  the  fact  that  Middletown,  like  Go.shen,  has  been  largely  the  product  of  the  almo.st  unbroken 
prosperity  of  agricultural  interests  and  industries,  which  has  followed  the  fortune  of  Orange  County 
for  over  a  century. 

Among  the  manufacturing  establishments  which  are  here  found  occupying  immense  buildings, 
and  employing  hundreds  of  men  and  women,  are  those  devoted  to  the  production  of  Saws,  Files, 
Gloves,  Wool  Hats,  Carpet  Bags,  Horse  Shoe  Nails,  Founding,  Rolling  Mills,  and  Tanning,  and  a 
number  of  other  smaller  interest,  in  sundry  lines.  It  would  not  be  surprising  to  find  such  an  array 
of  producing  people  in  a  place  where  there  was  great  and  economical  advantages  to  be  had  in  em- 
ploying water-power,  and  in  getting  cheap  freights  by  using  canals  or  rivers,  but  to  find  it  in  this  em 
inently  inland  town  is  clear  evidence  that  it  is  the  outgrowth  of  local  wealth,  enterprise  and  in- 
dustry. 

Institutions.  Among  the  many  commendable  features  which  present  themselves  in  connection 
with  Middletown,  is  the  manifest  interest  the  people  are  taking  in  matters  of  more  vital  importance 
than  the  production  of  wealth.  While  they  have  been  alive  to  the  great  value  of  industry,  thej'  have 
not  overlooked  the  spiritual  and  mental  culture  of  all  classes;  so  that  we  find  this  city  is  the  home 
of  seven  churches,  a  number  of  free  schools,  an  academy,  lyceum,  with  a  reading-room,  and  in  con- 


242  HOME     BUILDING. 

Dection  therewith  an  excellent  library.  The  New  York  State  Homeopathic  Insane  Asylum  is  lo- 
cated here,  and  is  among  the  most  complete  and  imposing  structures  of  the  kind  we  have  ever  ex- 
amined 

There  are  four  Newspapers  published  in  the  place,  two  of  which  print  daily  and  weekly  editions, 
and  one  of  which  is  of  a  religious  nature.  The  "Evening  Press"  is  the  oldest  daily,  while  the 
"  Orange  Co.  Press  "  is  one  of  the  oldest,  and  is  said  to  be  the  most  influential  papers  in  Southern 
New  York.  The  "  Mercury"  is  also  an  influential  paper,  and  said  to  have  the  largest  circulation  of 
any  paper  published  in  Orange  County. 

Buildings.  A  gentleman  of  extended  travel,  observation  and  experience,  once  said  to  us,  "show 
me  the  houses  in  whicli  your  people  live,  and  I  will  tell  you  the  exact  point  to  which  they  have  pro- 
gressed in  education  and  refined  culture."  To  what  extent  this  gentleman  may  have  been  able  to 
divine  the  state  of  a  man's  mind  by  looking  at  his  house,  we  w^ere,  for  the  want  of  opportimity,  not 
permitted  to  demonstrate;  but  many  years'  observation  has  taught  us  that,  when  there  is  a  home 
filled  with  minds  of  a  high  culture,  they  will  shine  out  through  bricks,  mortar,  clap-boards  and 
paint,  and  make  themselves  palpably  felt  and  seen  on  all  their  surroundings.  Our  entire  collec- 
tion of  designs  in  this  work  are  well  represented,  both  in  class  and  style,  with  a  few  exceptions, 
among  the  dwellings  in  and  around  Middletown,  and  the  beauty  and  elegance  of  their  appearance 
IS  in  many  cases  heightened  by  the  pleasantness  of  the  sites  upon  which  they  stand.  The  cost  of 
building  at  this  place,  as  will  be  seen  in  our  tables,  is  at  a  low  standard.  Stone  is  abundant,  and 
bricks  are  made  in  the  neighborhood. 

Real  Estate.  The  surface  of  the  land  upon  which  this  city  is  built  is  much  more  broken  than 
that  upon  wliich  Goshen  stands,  and  tliere  is,  therefore,  a  wider  difl!erence  in  choice  and  value 
than  at  that  place,  although  the  range  does  not  appear  to  reach  higher.  The  farms  convenient  to 
this  point  are  mostly  employed  in  the  production  of  milk  and  butter,  while  much  land  is  profitably 
devoted  to  raising  vegetables,  grain  and  fruit. 

SelahR.  Corwin  &  Co.,  real  estate  and  insurance  agents,  Middletown,  New  York,  can  be  con- 
sulted to  advantage  by  any  desiring  special  information  in  regard  to  any  particular  locality,  and 
those  expecting,  or  desiring  to  locate  either  lots,  or  a  farm,  in  any  part  of  the  city  or  county,  would 
not  be  wise  in  neglecting  to  avail  themselves  of  the  assistance  of  this  firm,  especially  as  the  cost  of 
their  help  would  fall  upon  the  seller. 

Advantages  and  Future  Prospects.  There  is  no  denying  the  fact  that  a  city  already  made, 
improved,  beautified,  supplied  with  all  the  "modern  improvements,"  and  paid  for,  has  a  decided 
advantage  over  that  of  one  in  a  less  advanced  stage  of  formation.  This  city  has  attained  to  that  ad- 
vantage; it  is  supplied  with  pure  w^ater.  and  a  first-class  quality  of  gas;  is  in  the  center  of  a  farming 
and  dairy  county,  of  great  productive  qualities,  which  has,  and  will  continue  to  supply  it  with  the 
best,  of  living  at  low  rates,  and  afford  it  constant  means  of  wealth.  The  Erie  Railway  and  the  Mid- 
land Railroad  cross  each  other  at  this  point,  which  makes  it  a  railroad  center  of  growing  im- 
portance, and  will  in  the  future,  as  it  has  in  the  past,  add  many  streams  of  wealth  and  prosperity  to 
this  city. 

The  natural  beauty  of  its  position,  has  attracted  many  business  men  of  New  York  City,  who 
have  located  their  homes  here  and  only  go  to  their  place  of  business  about  two  days  in  theweek.  The 
number  of  this  class  of  semi-independent  people  will  gradually  increase  at  Middletown,  and  will  in 
the  future  enter  largely  into  the  social  element  of  the  place,  and  materially  aid  in  enriching  its  arch- 
itectural features. 


i 


H  O  .AI  E      B  U  I  L  D  I  N  C}  .  243 


PORT   J£RVIS. 

On  the  Delaware  River,  just  above  the  couflueuce  of  the  Neversink,  upon  the  south-west  corner  of 
Orange  County,  New  York,  and  about  opposite  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  States  of  New  Jersey 
and  Pennsylvania,  is  located  this  favored  city.  The  Erie  Railway  passes  through  it,  which,  in  con- 
nection Avitli  the  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal,  form  the  two  great  thoroughfares  connecting  it  with 
New  York,  from  which  it  is  distant  88  miles.  The  Monticello  and  Port  Jervis  branch  of  the  Erie 
leaves  the  main  trunk  of  that  road  at  this  point.  This  city  was  projected  about  1835,  was  named  in 
honor  of  the  engineer  of  the  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal,  Mr.  John  B.  Jervis,  and  has  a  present 
population  of  over  9,000.  Situated  as  it  is  in  the  midst  of  mountains,  and  surrounded  by  beauty 
and  grandeur  on  all  sides,  it  has  proved  to  be  a  place  of  excellent  healthfulness,  and  has  attracted 
so  much  attention  as  a  placs  of  resort  during  the  Summer  inonths  as  to  have  caused  several  large 
Hotels  to  spring  up  in  its  midst,  and  others  in  its  neighborhood.  The  Delaware  House  is  perhaps 
the  most  popular,  although  the  American  House  is  about  of  the  same  class,  the  Minisink,  Fowler, 
and  Union  Houses  are  good  hotels,  and  are  one  dollar  a  day  l^ss  in  their  charges  than  the  former. 

Industries.  The  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  passes  the  plain  upon  which  most  of  the  busi- 
ness town  is  built,  at  an  elevation  considerably  above  it,  affording,  by  the  use  of  feeders,  verj- 
great  facilities  for  manufacturing  power  at  economical  rates,  and  of  a  superior  nature. 

In  consequence  of  the  advantages  thus  obtained  by  the  use  of  water-power,  extensive  Railroad 
Shops,  Glass  Works,  a  Sash  and  Blind  Factory,  and  other  manufacturing  establishments  are  in  suc- 
cessful operation,  and  yet  there  is  room  for  hundreds  of  others.  The  lower  part  of  the  peninsula, 
formed  by  the  two  rivers,  upon  which  the  major  part  of  the  city  stands,  is  devoted  to  railroad  interests. 

Institutions.  There  are  seven  flourishing  churches  in  this  city — among  them  a  Baptist,  Pres- 
byterian, Methodist,  German  Reformed,  and  German  Lutheran.  The  public  schools  are  thirteen  in 
number,  and  are  well  conducted;  ther6  are  also  many  institutes,  some  of  which  enjoy  as  good  repu- 
tation as  any  in  the  State.  Port  Jervis  is  eminently  a  city  of  lodges  and  societies;  there  are  over 
forty  different  lodges  in  the  place,  and  several  building  and  loan  associations,  which  appear  to  be 
in  a  prosperous  condition,  the  latter  are  conducted  on  the  plan  generally  known  as  the  Philadelphia 
plan,  and  have  greatly  aided  many  of  the  industrious  classes  in  obtaining  pleasant,  comfortable 
homes. 

Buil(ling:$.  This  city  possesses  advantages  over  any  previously  named  along  the  Erie 
Railway  for  building  cheaply,  chiefly  on  account  of  its  being  a  lumber  mart  of  considerable  im- 
portance. The  rivers,  canal  and  railroads  all  aid  in  supplying  the  stock  of  lumber  and  timber,  and 
the  economical  power  manufactures  it  at  low  rates. 

Many  of  the  most  attractive  homes  are  situated  on  the  streets  and  roads  which  wind  out  along 
the  mountain  sides.  The  nature  and  quality  of  the  homes  erected  here  are  not  far  short,  if  any,  of 
those  at  Middletown. 

Real  Estate.  There  is  a  still  wider  difference  of  choice,  in  location  and  condition,  in  the  lots 
and  farms  to  be  had  in  and  around  tins  city  than  there  is  in  the  two  last  places  spoken  of,  also 
within  an  easy  walk  from  the  depot  or  the  shops  and  factories  of  Port  Jervis,  a  choice  of  three 
States  may  be  had  in  which  to  build  a  home.  Prices  range  from  $200  to  $2,000  in  good  localities. 
L.  E.  Elston  &  Son  are  the  oldest  real  estate  men  in  the  city,  and  should  be  consulted  by  any  wish- 
ing to  locate  lots  or  farms.  They  also  represent  all  the  best  Fire  and  Life  Insurance  Companies  in 
the  States  ;  their  place  of  business  is  over  the  First  National  Bank,  No.  113  Pike  Street,  Port  Jervis. 
Farm  products  generally  bring  as  good  a  price  in  the  markets  of  this  city  as  they  do  in  New  York, 
and  are  much  fresher  tlian  there. 

Advantages  and  Future  Prospects.  As  a  place  of  residence  it  is  healthy,  and  is  located  in  the 
midst  of  natural  beauties  seldom  surpassed.  Is  beyond  the  point  at  which  a  New, York  business 
man  can  reside  and  attend  to  his  business  in  that  city  more  than  once  or  twice  a  week,  and  that 


244  HOME      BUILDING. 

would  require  liis  being  absent  from  home  over  nighl,  or  making  a  half  night  ride  on  his  return; 
but  to  ofEset  that  matter  there  are  many  natural  and  artificial  advantages,  of  which  he  may  take 
advantage  in  establishing  a  business  in  the  place.  The  native  materials  to  aid  in  building  are  lum- 
ber, stone,  brick  and  cement.  A  railroad  from  the  coal  regions  of  Pennsylvania  will  soon  pass 
through  the  place,  which  will  add  to  its  industrial  pursuits,  and  the  unquestionable  advantages  it 
offers  as  a  Summer  resort  will  continue  to  attract  increased  number  of  desirable  people  to  its  per- 
manent and  periodical  citizenship.  There  are  two  newspaper  offices  in  the  place,  and  both  papers 
have  a  large  circulation. 


LACKAWAXEN. 


This  thriving  village  is  located  on  the  southern  bank  of  the  Delaware  River  at  the  point  of  its 
intersection  by  the  Lackawaxen  Creek,  is  on  the  Erie  Railway  111  miles  irom  New  York  City,  in 
Pike  Co.,  Pa.  The  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  at  this  point  approaches  the  Delaware  from  down 
the  Lackawaxen  Creek,  and  crosses  the  river  on  a  wire  suspension  aqueduct  The  Honesdale  Branch 
unites  at  this  point  with  the  Eiie  Railway;  and,  although  the  name  of  the  place  is  against  it,  it 
certainly  has  many  advantages  in  connection  with  those  great  thoroughfares,  and  its  people  appear 
determined  to  make  profitable  use  of  them.  The  immense  supplies  of  anthracite  coal  forwarded  over 
the  Erie  Railway,  by  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Co.,  comes  down  the  Honesdale  Branch,  and  strikes  the 
Erie  at  this  point.  There  is  no  doubt  but  that,  in  connection  with  the  advantages  which  may  be  de- 
rived from  the  great  enterprises  above  named,  capital  employed  in  industrial  pursuits  at  this 
point  would  yield  a  rich  return,  nor  but  the  sober,  industrious  citizen  locating  here  would  find 
many  aids  and  much  pleasure  in  building  up  a  home. 


DEPOSIT. 


This  town  is  at  the  point  where  the  Erie  Railway  leaves  the  Delaware  Basin  and  commences  its 
climb  across  the  great  ridge  that  divides  the  Delaware  from  the  Susquehanna  Valleys.  It  is  177 
miles  from  New  York  City,  on  the  western  side  of  Delaware  Co. ,  N.  Y.  It  was  projected  about  30 
years  since,  and  has  now  a  population  of  over  2,000.  It  is  a  place  of  more  than  average  healthful- 
ness,  as  it  is  a  thousand  feet  above  the  sea  level,  and  has  one  or  two  fair  hotels.  There  are  located 
here  extensive  tanneries,  and  it  is  a  point  at  which  great  numbers  of  cattle  are  shipped  on  the  Erie 
Railway.  There  is  also  a  considerable  lumber  business  carried  on  here,  but  not  so  great  as  in 
former  years,  in  consequence  of  the  lands  being  cleared  of  their  timber  and  devoted  to  grazing 
purposes. 

Buildings  can  be  put  up  at  low  figures,  and  a  few  very  pretty  dwellings  may  be  seen  here. 
There  are  two  newspapers  published  in  the  town — the  "  Deposit  Courier,"  Rep.,  circulates  800;  and 
the  "  Deposit  Times  and  Democrat,"  circulates  480.  The  future  of  the  town  will,  no  doubt,  gradu- 
ally rise  in  importance. 


HOME     BUILDING.  246 


BINGHAMTON. 

This  city  is  the  capital  of  Broome  County,  N.  Y.,  in  which  it  is  centrally  located  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Susquehanna  and  Chenango  Rivers,  is  on  the  Erie  Railway,  distant  216  miles  from  New 
York  City,  and  is  the  terminus  of  the  Albany  and  Susquehanna,  Utica  and  Chenango  Vallej',  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  and  Western,  and  Syracuse  and  Binghamton  Railroads.  It  is  also  connected 
with  Utica  by  the  Chenango  Canal.  The  lands  upon  which  this  city  stands  were  first  settled  by  a  Mr. 
Bingham  in  1787,  who  subdued  the  primeval  forests,  and  projected  a  town  which  was  first  incor- 
porated in  1818,  and  last  in  1868,  and  has  now  a  population  of  over  18,000,  which  is  rapidly 
increasing. 

The  Healtlifulness  of  this  beautiful  city  is  not  surpassed  by  any  other  locality  in  the  State;  the 
clear,  swift-running  streams  with  gravel  bottoms,  and  the  sprightly  atmosphere  of  the  high  altitude 
at  which  it  stands,  are  natural  testimony  of  the  fact. 

Hotel  enterprise  has  kept  pace  with  the  demands  of  the  place,  and  there  are  now  five  that  are 
considered  first-class  by  their  proprietors.  Among  them  are  the  Dwight  House,  $3  per  day,  and  the 
Lewis  House,  $3  per  day. 

Principal  Industi'ies.  The  great  water-power  privileges  afforded  at  Binghamton,  by  means  of 
the  rivers  that  flank  it  on  the  north  and  south,  have  been  very  largely  brought  into  use,  and  there  is 
at  this  time  a  large  and  rapidly  growing  industrial  business  being  carried  on  in  connection  with  the 
manufacture  of  machinery,  agricultural  implements,  sash  and  doors,  scales,  combs,  tobacco, 
leather,  boots  and  shoes,  iron,  and  many  other  articles;  and  there  is  also  extensive  founding  in 
operation.  Among  the  greater  advantages  for  the  establishing  of  such  a  network  of  industry,  is 
the  wonderful  facilities  afforded  by  the  numerous  routes  of  rail,  for  bringing  in  upon  this  center  the 
vast  natural  products  of  the  country  those  routes  penetrate  and  drain;  the  presence  of  the  almost 
exhaustless  water-power,  the  natural  beauty  and  liealthfulness  of  the  surroundings,  and  the  good 
climate. 

Institutions.  Wherever  we  have  found  the  greatest  amount  of  enterprise  and  the  largest 
proportional  number  of  sober,  industrious  men  and  women,  busily  engaged  in  producing  the  hund- 
reds of  articles  required  for  the  use  of  mankind,  we  have  never  failed  to  also  find  the  greatest  pro- 
portional number  of  institutions,  and  the  best  in  appointments  and  standing.  Such  is  eminently  the 
case  in  Binghamton.  There  are  here  14  flourishing  churches,  whose  edifices  cost  over  a  million 
dollars,  and  about  the  same  number  of  schools  of  the  highest  character.  It  is  also  the  seat  of  the 
New  York  State  Inebriate  Asylum,  said  to  be  the  largest  institution  of  its  kind  in  the  world,  and 
was  located  at  Binghamton  on  account  of  the  unequaled  healtlifulness  of  the  place  in  the  State. 
Dean  College,  an  institute  for  young  ladies,  was  located  here  for  the  same  reason.  Beside,  there  are 
a  Medical  and  Surgical  Institute,  several  academies,  a  commercial  college,  and  a  high  school  for 
both  sexes.  There  are  in  connection  with  business  matters,  seven  banks,  which  appear  to  be  well 
used,  and  to  afford  a  commendable  degree  of  accommodation  to  the  business  community,  a  thing 
which  cannot  be  said  of  all  banks. 

Buildings.  Most  of  the  public  buildings  and  institutions  of  this  city  arc  built  of  brick  and 
stone,  and  many  of  them  are  models  of  architectural  skill  and  beauty.  The  principal  part  of  the 
city  has  undergone  a  thorough  system  of  sewerage,  the  streets  and  walks  are  paved,  gas  pipes  laid, 
and  the  city  lighted  by  gas.  It  is  also  supplied  with  excellent  water,  and  the  dwellings  are  provided 
with  all  the  '  modern  improvements."  The  scope  of  style  and  quality  of  the  residences  here  erected 
are  quite  well  represented  by  our  collection  of  plates,  although  a  considi-rable  number  of  them  are 
brick.  The  cost  of  building  a  home  in  this  city,  or  in  any  of  its  beautiful  suburbs,  is,  as  may  be 
seen  in  our  tables,  as  low  as  at  any  point  in  the  State.  Almost  all  materials  used  to  any  great  ex- 
tent in  building  operations  are  native  to  the  locality;  pine,  oak,  and  hemlock  lumber'  is  extensively 
manufactured  in  and  near  the  place,  and  shipped  in  great  quantities.  Bricks  are  made  at  four  ex- 
tensive yards,  and  stone  of  an  excellent  quality  abounds.     The  greater  amount  of  food  consumed 


246  HO^fE      BUILDING. 

by  the  inhabitants  is  also  produced  in  the  neighborliood,  is  of  the  best  quality,  and  sells  at  a  lower 
average  than  in  New  York  City. 

Real  Estate.  The  range  of  the  value  of  lots  in  the  city,  as  reported  to  us,  takes  a  very  wide 
scope,  being  from  $200  to  $10,000  each;  and  there  is  said  to  be  no  unsewercd  or  undrained  land 
within  the  city  limits.  Much  of  the  suburban  property  is  of  the  finest  quality,  and  within  easy 
walking  distance  of  the  business  part  of  the  city.  The  farms  of  the  surrounding  country  are  mostly 
adapted  to  dairy  and  grain  purposes,  many  of  them  are  of  a  superior  quality,  and  yield  a  generous 
return  to  the  good  husbandman.  The  prices  of  farms  in  the  locality  vary  from  $25  to  S150  per  acre, 
depending  upon  tlieir  position  and  quality. 

There  are  a  number  of  real  estate  dealers  of  long  standing  and  good  reputation  in  Binghamton, 
some  of  whom  should  be  used  by  the  person  desiring  to  locate  either  lots  or  a  farm  at  this  point. 
We  have  selected  the  name  of  Mr.  Martin  Stone  to  recommend  to  our  readers  who  may  desire  the 
aid  of  a  thoroughly  posted  citizen,  who  has  made  the  business  a  study  and  practice  in  obtaining 
lots  or  land  in  or  around  this  city.  Mr.  Stone  has  been  engaged  in  the  real  estate  and  building  busi- 
ness for  over  thirty  j^ears,  has  built  more  than  a  hundred  dwellings  and  a  large  number  of  stores, 
and  is  thoroughly  competent  to  advise  and  assist  those  who  wish  either  to  rent  or  purchase. 

Advantages  and  Future  Prospects.  As  it  must  be  apparent  to  any  careful  reader  and  ob- 
server that  this  city  is  favored  above  the  most,  we  will  sum  up  under  these  heads  in  a  few  lines. 
As  a  railroad  center,  it  stands  among  the  foremost,  and  it  enjoys  extensive  water-power  privileges. 
It  is  the  emporium  of  a  good  farming  country,  which  also  yields  minerals  and  lumber  in  great 
abundance.  It  is  the  seat  of  several  flourishing  institutions;  is  favored  with  ample  churches  and 
excellent  schools;  is  a  locality  of  unusual  healthfulness,  and  has  a  large  manufacturing  industry 
well  established;  is  drained,  sewered,  supplied  with  water  and  gas,  and  is  located  in  a  beautiful 
country.  In  connection  with  the  water-power  advantages,  coal  is  sold  at  this  point  for  less  money 
than  at  any  other  place  in  the  State,  of  the  same  or  greater  population.  Unless  the  great  farming 
countries  around  shall  refuse  to  yield  an  increase,  the  mines  and  forests  become  exhausted,  and  all 
the  tides  of  prosperity,  which  now  flow  in  upon  this  point,  be  turned  back,  its  future  Avill  develop 
an  inland  city  of  remarkable  splendor,  and  its  fame  will  spread  throughout  the  land. 

There  are  four  ^"eivspapers  published  in  the  place,  all  of  which  are  well  supported.  The 
"Binghamton  Republican"  has  a  daily  circulation  of  1,100,  and  a  weekly  circulation  of  3,000;  the 
"  Binghamton  Democrat  "  circulates  daily  450,  and  weekly  900;  the  "  Binghamton  Times,"  daily, 
700,  Aveekly,  850;  and  the  "Democratic  Leader,"  weekly,  1,500. 


OWEGO. 

This  flourishing  town  is  a  run  of  237  miles  from  New  York  on  the  line  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  is 
on  the  north  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Owego  Creek,  was  pro- 
jected in  1795,  and  incorporated  in  1827;  its  present  inhabitants  number  about  5,000,  and  the  place 
is  considered  very  Itealthy. 

It  is  the  county  seat  of  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  boasts  of  as  elegant  and  well-appointed  county 
buildings  as  any  place  of  its  size  in  the  State.  The  Hotels  are  well  kept  and  ample;  the  Ah-wa-ga 
House  rates  are  $3  per  day,  and  the  Central  House  $2  per  day. 

Industries.  Owego  was  long  noted  for  its  extensive  lumber  trade,  a  business  in  which  a  large 
number  of  its  people  are  still  actively  and  profitably  engaged.  There  is  also  a  large  amount  of  capi- 
tal employed  in  connection  with  manufacturing  interest  of  several  different  characters,  among  them 
are  woolen,  flouring,  plaster,  molding,  and  other  mills,  and,  like  Binghamton,  this  city  is  the  center 
of  a  great  agricultural  industry,  in  connection  with  which  there  is  a  large  amount  of  business  trans- 
acted yearl}'. 


HOME      BUILDING.  247 

Institutions.  This  little  city  is  not  behind  its  neighbors  in  its  efforts  to  advance  the  moral, 
spiritual,  and  intellectual  growth  of  its  people.  Among  its  institutions  are  about  10  churches,  ample 
public  schools  for  its  population,  an  academy,  a  ladies'  seminary,  and  several  private  schools  of  an  ex- 
cellent character;  also  banks,  and  three  Newspapers:  the  "  Owego  Times,"  Rep.^  weekly  circula- 
tion 1,900;  "Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  Record,"  circulation  weekly,  1,500;  "Owego  Gazette,"  weekly  cir- 
culation 1,800 — claims  to  be  the  oldest  family  newspaper  in  Southern  New-York,  and  the  only 
Democratic  paper  in  town. 

Bnildings.  The  great  bulk  of  materials  necessary  for  the  erection  of  buildings  being  native  to 
the  place,  such  as  lumber,  stone,  brick,  plaster,  and  lime,  and  the  labor  required  in  the  different 
branches  being  also  at  a  comparatively  low  figure,  buildings  can  be  put  up  at  a  less  figure  than  in 
New  York  Citj'  (vide  under  tables). 

Advantages  and  Fnture.  From  Owego  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western  Railroad  ex- 
tends its  Cayuga  division  to  Ithaca;  also  the  Southern  Central  Railroad  branches  out  here  for 
Auburn,  which,  with  the  Erie,  makes  this  a  railroad  center  of  much  present  and  prospective  value 
to  its  people.  The  already  well -advanced  condition  of  its  industrial  interests,  the  natural  beauty  of 
its  position,  and  the  prosperity  of  its  agricultural  supporters,  will  continue  in  the  future  to  attract 
the  home-seeker,  and  to  retain  in  its  midst  the  coming  generation. 

Owego  is  a  historical  name,  and  is  intimately  connected  with  some  of  the  most  charming 
writings  of  N.  P.  Willis,  who  formerly  resided  in  the  western  part  of  the  city,  at  the  place  known 
as  "  Glen  Mary." 


WAVERLY. 


We  call  attention  to  this  twin  city  to  Owego,  largely  from  the  fact  that  it  is  in  the  south-west 
corner  of  the  same  (Tioga)  county;  has  about  the  same  number  of  inhabitants,  and  is,  in  nearly  all 
respects,  a  fair  counterpart  of  it.  It  is  about  19  miles  further  west,  on  the  Chemung  River,  and  is 
an  important  railroad  center;  it  is  a  healthy  town,  has  good  hotels,  over  5,000  inhabitants,  and  is 
doing  a  prosperous  business.  It  is  also  the  site  of  a  tragic  event  which  occurred  in  connection  with 
the  massacre  of  Wyoming.  Near  the  depot  is  the  famous  Spanish  Hill,  upon  one  side  of  which  six 
Indians  camped  with  three  captives  taken  at  Wyoming,  who,  with  concerted  action,  arose  during 
the  night,  assailed  and  slew  five  of  the  savages,  and  themselves  escaped  to  the  settlements  without 
injuiy. 


ELMIRA. 

A  prosperous  and  rapidly  growing  inland  city,  272  miles  from  New  York,  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
way, at  the  point  where  it  crosses  the  Chemung  River,  and  near  the  mouth  of  Newtown  Creek.  It 
is  the  capital  of  Chemung  County,  N.  Y.,  and  is  the  northern  terminus  of  a  railroad  which  passes 
through  the  central  part  of  Pennsylvania,  from  north  to  south,  and  connects  it  with  Philadelphia 
and  Baltimore. 

It  wa«  projected  about  1790,  and  has  a  present  population  of  25,000.  Located  in  a  fine,  well- 
drained,  fertile,  well-watered  country;  within  a  few  miles  of  some  of  the  most  picturesque  glens 
and  lakes  of  the  State;  enjoying  a  splendid  trade  and  growing  the  past  few  years  with  remarkable 
rapidity,  it  kept  up  and  now  enjoys  an  excellent  reputation  for  heaWifuhicits.  The  Hotels  of  this 
city  are  also  of  a  desirable  class,  and  appear  to  be  doing  well.  The  Hathawa  House  makes  a  charge 
of  $3  per  day,  and  the  Homestead  House  $2  per  day. 


248  HOME      BUILDING. 

Industries.  The  rapid  growth  of  this  city  bears  no  evidence  of  a  fungus  nature,  but  in  every 
respect  appears  to  have  been  from  a  healthy  increase  of  many  industries,  which  created  a  natural 
demand  for  talent  and  skill  in  almost  ever}-^  calling  of  human  life.  There  are  now  in  active  and 
successful  operation  extensive  establishments,  manufacturing  Boots  and  Shoes,  Iron  in  many  forms, 
Pianos,  and  many  other  articles  needful  in  "  Home  Building." 

Prominent  among  the  Advantages  for  these  operations,  and  the  general  commerce  of  the  city, 
should  be  noticed  her  railroad  connection,  and  her  canals.  The  Junction  Canal  from  this  point 
extends  into  the  heart  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Chemung  Canal  to  the  Seneca  Lake.  Both  of  these 
water  thoroughfares  cheapen  the  freights  of  the  incoming  and  outgoing  materials,  and  manufac- 
tured articles  of  trade. 

The  Institntions  of  Elmira  have  attracted  the  attention  of  observers  and  writers  in  a  manner 
very  commendatory  of  their  extent  and  character.  Among  them  are  about  fifteen  churches,  an 
Academy  of  Science,  which  has  a  fine  geological  cabinet,  and  an  astronomical  observatory;  a 
female  college  with  an  ample  endowment,  and  a  capacity  for  accommodating  300  pupils;  splendid 
public  school  buildings,  well  equipped,  with  extensive  play-grounds  attached,  and  an  attendance 
of  nearly  3,400  children.  There  are  several  benevolent  societies,  a  State  Reformatory,  a  water-cure 
concern,  a  number  of  literary  associations,  several  banks,  a  well  equipped  fire  department,  and  several 
other  institutions  of  different  characters.  There  are  seven  newspapers  and  journals  published  here, 
including  Republican  and  Democratic  sheets,  dailies  and  weeklies,  also  other  weekly  and  monthly 
papers,  among  them  an  agricultural  and  a  medical  journal. 

Advantages  and  Fntnre.  Elmira  is  a  thoroughly  established,  modern  inland  city,  with  good 
water-works,  ancl  completely  lighted  with  the  best  of  gas,  has  an  extensive  commerce,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  great  agricultural  country  which  yields  it  large  support.  Bnildiug  is  accomplished 
at  a  low  rate  of  expense,  as  most  of  the  materials  required  for  such  operations  are  native  to  the 
place.     Many  of  the  dwellings  are  of  an  elegant  character,  and  fitted  with  all  the  "improvements." 

All  the  resources  of  the  country  surrounding,  and  accessible  to  this  city,  cannot  for  many  years 
to  come  approach  complete  development;  her  railroads  will  be  extended,  mines  developed,  and 
thousands  of  systems  of  busy  machinery  will  be  set  to  work  to  make  readj^  bring  in,  and  manufac- 
ture into  tens  of  thousands  of  ingenious  and  useful  forms  the  raw  materials  that  will  be  gathered 
up.     While  this  goes  on,  her  people  and  their  institutions  will  continue  to  multipl}*  and  progress. 


CORNING 


Is  a  beautifully  located  town  on  the  Chemung  River,  in  the  eastern  center  of  Steuben  Co.,  N, 
Y.,  of  whicli  it  is  one  of  the  county  seats.  It  is  291  miles  from  New  York  City  by  the  Erie  Rail- 
way; it  was  projected  about  50  years  ago,  incorporated  in  1848,  revised  in  1853,  when  it  received  its 
present  name,  in  honor  of  the  Hon.  Erastus  Corning.  Its  present  number  of  inhabitants  is  about 
5,000,  and  its  health  fulness  has  proved  to  be  of  an  excellent  average. 

Tlie  Indnstrifil  Interests  of  this  place  are  principally  connected  with  the  lumber  trade,  the 
manufacture  of  railroad  cars,  cabinet  ware,  carriages,  wagons,  boots  and  shoes,  brick,  lime,  and 
there  are  heavy  founderies  and  other  shops  in  connection  with  railroad  interests.  Tliere  is  a  good 
proportion  of  nourishing  institutions  already  established,  and  others  in  contemplation;  among  them 
are  several  churches,  banks,  hotels,  printing  offices,  a  court-liouse,  and  public  schools.  The  State 
Arsenal  is  located  here  on  a  hill  south  of  the  Erie  Railway.  The  Corning  and  Blossomburg  Railroad 
opens  a  communication  with  one  of  the  finest  bituminous  coal  regions  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 
The  Rochester  Division  of  the  Erie  Railway  diverges  from  the  main  line  at  this  point,  and  it  is  also  the 
terminus  of  the  Seneca  Lake,  Elmira,  and  Chemung  Canal.  The  buildings  are  strongly  marked  by 
the  hand  of  enterprise,  thrift,  and  taste,  and  many  of  them  are  of  an  elegant  architectural  character, 


HOME    BUILDING.  249 

one  of  the  public  school  buildings  being  specially  prominent.     This  town  has  many  resources  of 
prosperity  and  wealth,  and  will,  no  doubt,  continue  to  niaintaia  its  high  standing. 


HORNELLSVILLE. 


This  is  another  flourishing  railroad  city  in  the  western  center  of  Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  333 
miles  from  New  York  City  on  the  Erie  Railway,  at  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  Dunkirk  and 
Buffalo  branches.  The  principal  part  of  the  old  town  is  about  a  mile  from  the  Erie  Railway  Depot, 
although  the  newer  portion  is  within  its  neighborhood.  The  present  number  of  inhabitants  is 
claimed  to  be  about  9,000,  and  the  healthfulnsss  of  the  place  compares  favorably  with  points  pre- 
viously treated  of  along  the  Erie.  There  are  several  good  Hotels  in  the  town,  and  a  splendid  eating- 
house  at  the  station. 

There  are  extensive  engine-houses,  car,  and  repair  shops  located  here,  as  it  is  the  junction  of 
three  different  divisions  of  the  railway.  Its  Industrial  Pursuits  are  not  widely  different,  either  in 
character  or  extent,  to  those  of  Corning.  It  has  a  well-established  and  efficient  library  association 
which  is  said  to  be  among  the  best  in  the  interior  of  the  State,  and  which  maintains  a  lecture  course 
on  popular  subjects  every  year.  There  are  a  number  of  churches  of  different  sects,  banks,  news- 
papers, well  organized,  well  filled  public  schools,  and  other  schools  of  superior  grade. 

The  Buildings  of  this  town  are  mostly  of  a  modern  caste,  and  many  of  them  are  fine-looking 
structures.  The  cost  of  building  is  low,  and  the  place  is  growing  rapidly.  This  point  has  attracted 
much  attention  the  past  few  years,  and  there  is  little  doubt  but  that  as  the  broad  country  surround- 
ing it  continues  to  develop,  it  will  expand  its  borders  and  become  a  more  important  city. 


OLEAN, 

Four  hundred  miles  from  New  York  City,  is  located  at  the  crossing  of  the  Buffalo,  New  York, 
and  Philadelphia  Railroad  on  the  line  of  the  Erie  Railway,  and  on  the  Alleghany  River,  in  the 
south-east  corner  of  Cattaraugus  Co.,  New  York. 

The  present  number  of  inhabitants  is  about  3,000;  there  are  several  hotels  in  the  town,  and  it  is 
considered  a  healthy  place.  The  lumber  trade  has  fiourislied  at  this  point  for  many  years,  and  is 
still  an  important  feature  of  its  industry.  It  is  also  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Genesee  Canal, 
and  is  the  objective  point  of  other  railroad  enterprises.  There  are  a  number  of  manufacturing  in- 
terests, and  an  important  trade  with  the  surrounding  country.  Six  or  eight  churches,  ample  public 
schools,  a  good  academy,  and  a  town  hall  are  its  prominent  institutions.  It  is  a  point  growing  in 
importance,  and  the  home-seeker  would  do  well  to  look  at  it  carefully. 


SALAMANCA. 


This  point  is  important  from  the  fact  that  it  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Eric  Railway, 
with  the  Atlantic  and  Great  Western  Rjiilway,  which  from  this  town  holds  on  a  western  and  south- 
westerly course,  and  finally  terminates  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  "  It  is  also  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and 
is  centrally  located  in  the  southern  end  of  Cattaraugus  County,  N.  Y.,  415  miles  from  New  York 


250  HOME      BUILDING. 

City.  Its  present  population  is  about  3,000;  has  an  average  record  for  healthfulness,  and  contains 
a  few  good  liotels.  There  are  extensive  railroad  repair  shops  located  here,  several  factories  of  a  pro- 
miscuous nature,  a  vast  lumber  trade,  and  a  heavy  tanning  establishment.  There  are  no  ver}- 
widely  noted  institutions  located  at  this  point,  as  yet,  although  there  are  good  public  and  private 
schools,  several  flourishing  churches,  and  a  growing  disposition  on  the  part  of  the  people  to  pro- 
gress. 


DAYTON,  N.  Y. 

This  is  another  of  the  towns  of  Cattaraugus  Co. ,  N.  Y. ,  on  the  line  of  the  Erie  Railway,  about 
half  way,  by  a  direct  coiirse,  from  Salamanaca  to  Dunkirk,  and  at  the  point  of  crossing  of  the 
Buffalo  and  Jamestown  Railroad.  It  has  a  population  of  about  3,000;  is  a  healthy  place,  having 
a  fine,  crisp,  atmosphere.  It  has  fair  hotel  accommodation;  is  engaged  in  a  general  com- 
merce with  the  fine  dairy  country  around  it,  and  handles  a  large  amount  of  lumber.  Some  of  the 
best  brands  of  cheese  that  find  their  way  to  New  York  City  are  shipped  from  this  point.  Its  eleva- 
tion above  the  sea  level  is  about  1,600  feet,  which  gives  it  a  mountain  atmosphere.  Building  is 
executed  at  a  moderate  average  cost,  and  the  town  is  in  a  growing,  healthy  condition. 


DUNKIRK. 

This  interesting  town  stands  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  40  miles  south-west  of  Buffalo,  at  the 
terminus  of  the  Erie  Railway  as  at  first  projected,  and  460  miles  from  New  York  City.  It  is  also  on 
the  line  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  and  is  the  terminus  of  the  Dunkirk,  Warren  and  Allegany  Rail- 
road, and  cross-cut  to  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  It  was  settled  in  1816,  incorporated  under  its  present  charter 
in  1867,  altliough  its  first  charter  dates  back  to  1837.  Its  present  number  of  inhabitants  is  about 
9,000,  and,  as  it  is  located  on  an  elevated  position,  thoroughly  drained,  naturally,  and  sewered,  when 
required,  it  has  proved  to  be  a  remarkable  healthy  place.  It  has  several  good  hotels,  among  them 
the  Erie  Hotel,  $3  per  day;  Eastern  Hotel,  $3  50  per  day;  and  the  Lake  Siiore,  $3  per  day.  It  is 
highly  esteemed  by  some  as  a  place  for  Summer  resort. 

Industries.  Dunkirk  is  a  port  of  entry  and  commands  a  large  amount  of  lake  commerce,  its 
harbor  is  partially  artificial,  having  been  improved  by  setting  a  break-watt r  picring,  and  is  safe  and 
commodious.  It  enjoys  the  advantage  of  being  able  to  open  navigation  some  weeks  earlier  in  the 
Spring  than  Buffalo,  on  account  of  the  ice  being  driven  down  the  lake  by  the  high  winds  of  that 
season.  The  Erie  and  other  railroads  are  the  cause  of  much  lake  commerce  concentrating  at  this 
port.  It  is  also  largely  engaged  in  manufacture,  and  enjoys,  in  connection  with  its  lake  and  rail- 
road communications,  many  advantages  for  industrial  pursuits.  Among  its  productive  establish- 
ments are  extensive  Locomotive  and  Machine  Shops,  Flouring  Mills,  Sash,  Door  and  Blind  Factories, 
Planing  Mills,  Foundery,  and  other  works  in  connection  with  the  requirements  of  agriculturists. 

Institutions.  There  are  several  well-sustained  churches  in  this  place,  some  of  which  have  very 
elegant  houses  of  worship.  The  schools  of  the  place  are  well  conducted,  thoroughly  graded,  and 
are  the  pride  of  the  people.  There  are  also  a  number  of  banks,  two  good  newspapers,  and  a  number 
of  benevolent  societies  in  the  place. 

Real  Estate  and  Building  are  both  at  a  low  average.  Good  lots  can  be  had  for  $300,  and  farms 
are  worth  from  $30  to  $100  per  acte.     The  principal  farm  products  are  butter  and  cheese.     Brick 


II  O  >[  E      BUILDING.  251 

are  made  at  this  point  in  great  numbers;  good  stone  is  in  abundance,  and  lumber  is  produc;'d  in 
large  quantities  in  and  near  the  place. 

The  cost  of  living  at  this  point  is  also  very  low;  board  ranges  from  $3  to  $5  per  week.  To  those 
wishing  to  locate  in  this  place,  purchase  real  estate,  or  place  insurance,  we  would  recommend  Mr. 
F.  F.  Driggs,  as  a  gentleman  to  whom  they  may  apply  with  great  advantage  to  themselves,  especially 
if  they  are  not  personally  and  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  locality. 

The  Future  Prospects  of  Dunkirk  are  not  so  promising  as  they  appeared  at  the  time  previous 
to  the  withdrawal  of  the  regular  steamboat  travel,  but  perhaps  of  a  superior  and  more  enduring 
nature;  her  manufactures  are  gradually  increasing,  while  her  growth  in  population  has  been  of  a 
healthy  character.  She  will  in  the  future  become  distinguished  for  her  industries,  her  well-ap- 
pointed institutions,  her  facilities  for  affording  employment  to  her  people,  and  her  economical  ad- 
vantaees  in  "Home  Building." 


JAMESTOWN, 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  contains  no  more  promising  town  than  this  one,  except  it  be  Dunkirk; 
it  is  447  miles  from  New  York  City,  oa  the  line  of  the  Atlantic  and  Great  Western  Railroad,  is  the 
southern  terminus  of  the  Buffalo  and  Jamestown  Railroad,  and  at  the  outlet  of  the  Chautauqua 
Lake.  It  was  projected  about  1830,  and  has  at  this  time  7,000  inhabitants.  There  are  good  Hotels  in 
this  little  city  which  are  reasonable  in  their  charges;  among  them  are  the  Sir  William  Johnson 
Hotel,  and  the  Wemple  House,  both  charge  $3  per  day.  The  healthfulness  of  this  place  has,  through 
a  test  of  nearly  half  a  century,  proved  to  be  of  a  desirable  quality. 

The  Industrial  Pursuits  of  this  town  are  pretty  evenly  divided  between  the  interests  con- 
nected with  agriculture,  railroading  and  manufacture. 

The  outlet  of  the  lake  affords  good  water-power,  and  it  has  been  employed  in  the  manufacture 
of  Flour,  Wool,  Iron,  Implements  and  other  articles. 

Among  the  Institutions  of  the  place  are  seven  churches,  good  public  schools,  an  academy  that 
is  well  spoken  of,  a  bunk,  several  societies,  and  three  good  newspapers. 

The  Advantages  and  Prospects  for  the  Future  of  this  flourishing  town  for  the  purpose  of 
"  Home  Building,"  in  all  its  important  phases,  should  not  be  overlooked.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
good  farming  country,  is  an  important  railroad  center,  has  a  number  of  manufacturing  concerns 
already  in  active  and  profitable  operation,  has  good  water-power,  has  already  reached  the  dignity  of 
a  city,  and  has  a  convenient  and  ample  supply  of  materials  required  for  building  purposes. 


CORRY. 

This  prominent  town  of  Erie  Co.,  Pa.,  is  on  the  Atlantic  and  Great  Western  Railroad,  474 
miles  from  New  York  City,  where  it  is  crossed  by  the  Philadelphia  and  Erie  Railroad,  and  the  Buf- 
falo and  Pittsburgh  Railroad.  It  has  made  its  principal  growth  and  progress  in  commerce  since 
18(50,  although  it  had  been  organized  several  years  previous.  Its  present  inhabitants  is  about  7,000; 
it  is  considered  as  healthy  a  place  as  any  iu  that  part  of  the  State,  and  has  several  good  hotels,  the 
Downer  House  and  the  American  Hotel  being  among  them. 

It  is  a  railroad  center  of  importance,  and  is  largelj'  engaged  in  refining  and  dealing  in  oil,  it 
being  the  terminus  of  the  Oil  Creek  Railroad.  It  is  also  developing  a  profitable  manufacturing  in 
dustry,  and  among  the  establishments  now  in  full  operation  are  lieavy  Steam  Saw-Mills,  ^laehine 


252  HOME    BUILDING. 

Shops,  Tanneries,  and  others.  It  contains  four  churches,  two  banks,  good  public  schools,  and  two 
newspapers.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  country  not  yet  fully  developed,  and  has  the  advantage  of  being 
able  to  build  and  live  at  a  low  average  of  cost. 


MEADVILLE. 


This  center  is  the  capital  of  Cranford  Co.,  Pa.,  is  515  miles  from  New  York  City,  on  the  line 
of  the  Atlantic  and  Great  Western  Railroad,  and  is  the  point  at  which  the  Franklin  Branch  diverges 
to  the  south-east.  It  was  incorporated  in  1823,  and  has  at  present  a  population  of  1,200;  it  is  de- 
sirably located  on  the  banks  of  French  Creek,  and  its  people  enjoy  more  than  the  average  good 
health.  There  are  six  or  seven  hotels  in  the  place,  and  tlieir  charges  per  day  range  lower  than  the 
average  for  such  houses. 

Iud«istrie.s.  The  country  which  lies  around  Meadville  is  populous  and  fertile,  and  yields  an- 
nually large  amounts  of  grain,  butter,  cheese,  hay,  live  stock,  and  other  products;  beside  which 
there  are  great  quantities  of  oil  and  lumber  shipped  from  this  point.  Aside  from  the  commerce 
and  manufacture  directly  connected  with  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  country,  there  are  a  num- 
ber of  Paper-Mills,  a  Foundery,  Edge  Tool  Works,  Oil  Mills,  and  other  industrial  establishments  in 
the  town. 

Institutions.  A  little  north  of  the  town,  upon  a  prominent  rise  of  land,  stands  Alleghany  Col- 
lege. The  County  Court-House  is  a  prominent  and  liandsome  building.  A  State  Arsenal  is  located 
here,  which  both  adds  to  the  structure  and  industries  of  the  town. 

There  is  an  academy  and  a  school  of  divinity  located  here,  while  churches  and  good  public 
schools  are  also  noticeable  features.  There  are  also  banks,  and  three  newspapers  located  here:  The 
"  Meadville  Republican,"  daily  circulation,  700;  weekly,  2,000.  The  "Crawford  Democrat,"  circu- 
lation, 700;  the  "Crawford  Journal,"  circulation,  1,704. 

Advantages.  The  lands  in  the  vicinity  of  this  city  are  good,  and  can  be  had  at  from  |.S0  to  $60 
per  acre;  lots  are  worth  from  $50  to  $1,000  each,  and  buildings  can  be  erected  at  the  rates  indi- 
cated in  the  tables.  The  place  is  making  a  steady  increase  in  wealth  and  population,  and  appears 
to  have  a  prosperous  future  before  it. 


CLEVELAND. 


This  splendid  city  is  the  metropolis  of  North-Eastern  Ohio,  is  a  port  of  entry  on  the  south  shore 
of  Lake  Erie,  and  is  the  capital  of  Cuyahoga  Co.,  Ohio.  It  is  located  at  the  mouth  of  Cuyahoga 
River,  which  forms  a  safe  though  rather  contracted  harbor;  it  is  the  northern  terminus  of  the  Cleve- 
land, Columbus  and  Cincinnati  Railroad,  Cleveland  and  Pittsburgh  Railroad,  the  Mahoning 
Division  of  the  Atlantic  and  Great  Western  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  line  of  the  Lake  Shore  and 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  It  is  626  miles  from  New  York  City,  244  miles  from  Cincinnati,  and 
183  miles  from  BulTalo  by  railroad. 

This  city  stands  on  the  lands  first  settled  of  any  in  the  county  of  which  it  is  the  capital,  it  was 
projected  in  1796,  has  steadily  increased  in  importance  and  population,  until  it  now  numbers 
125,000,  which  is  double  that  of  ten  years  ago,  and  is  the  second  city  in  size  on  the  shores  of  Lake 
Erie,  or  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 

Cleveland  stands  on  higli  table  lands,  which  average  150  feet  above  the  Lake-level,  are  underlaid 
with  gravel,  and  roll  back  to  higher  elevations  toward  the  eastward.  It  is  divided  by  the  Cuyahoga 
River,  which  makes  several  easy  curves,  affords  a  great  length  of  dockage,  and  adds  much  to  the 


HOME    BUILDING.  253 

picturesqueness  of  the  city.  On  the  north-west  lies  the  broad  and  beautiful  lake,  over  which  comes 
sweeping,  from  hundreds  of  miles,  the  delightfully  cool  refreshing  breezes  of  Summer,  and  the 
sharp  biting  winds  of  Winter.  It  is  naturally  well-drained,  and  lias  a  thorough  system  of  sewerage, 
which  completes  its  sanitary  arrangements,  and  altogether  combine  to  make  it  one  of  the  most 
healthy  cities  of  its  size  in  the  world. 

The  Hotels  of  Cleveland  are  commensurate  with  its  size  and  character,  and  are  well  kept.  The 
charges  of  the  Kennard  and  Weddcll  Houses  are  $3  50  and  $3  per  day,  the  American  House  $1  50, 
$2,  and  $2  50  per  day,  the  Birch  House  and  Cleveland  Hotel  $2  per  day  each. 

Industries,  Institutions,  Prospects.  What  we  shall  have  to  say  m  connection  with  the  sub- 
jects which  belong  to  these  headings  will  of  necessity  be  but  skeleton  outlines  of  what  might  be 
said  or  written  of  them.  Cleveland  is  another  one  of  those  splendid  centers  of  commerce,  mechanic 
industry,  art,  and  civilization,  which  has  already  won  such  fame  as  to  be  a  word  of  praise  in  the 
mouths  of  all  who  have  cared  to  give  any  considerable  study  to  the  history  of  the  times,  and 
progress  of  American  enterprise.  The  Lake  is  a  thoroughfare  by  which  great  quantities  ol  the  pro- 
ducts of  mines,  forests,  and  agriculture  are  sent  into  this  port.  In  connection  with  her  maritime 
commerce,  she  has  become  a  shipbuilding  port  of  wide  reputation,  and  employs  hundreds  of  skilled 
men  in  constructing  vessels,  not  only  for  use  on  the  Lakes,  but  also  for  service  along  the  American 
coasts  and  for  foreign  waters. 

Many  railroads  converge  upon  this  point,  which  stretch  far  and  wide  into  the  States  of  New 
York,  Pennsylvania,  and  Ohio,  and  over  which  thousands  of  tons  of  iron,  coal,  lumber,  grain,  live 
stock,  wool,  and  many  other  products  are  yearly  drawn  by  the  enterprising  arms  of  manufacture 
and  commerce  into  the  hundreds  of  warehouses  and  busy  factories  of  the  place.  There  are  also 
canals  tributary  to  her  industries,  one  of  which  connects  the  lake  with  the  Ohio  River,  and  adds  its 
capacities  and  facilities  for  transportation  to  the  great  labor  producing  means  and  manufacturing 
resources,  both  natural  and  artificial,  which  have  sprung  up  at  this  place,  and  are  yearly  reaching 
out  toward  a  marvelous  growth.  Among  the  most  important  manufacturing  establishments  are 
those  connected  with  the  preparation  of  iron  in  all  its  varied  forms,  there  is  a  great  amount  of  capi- 
tal employed  in  this  line,  and  a  large  number  of  works  in  vigorous  operation.  The  manufacture  of 
refined  petroleum  has  also  reached  a  very  prominent  position,  and  it  is  claimed  for  the  factories  of 
Cleveland  that  they  are  second  in  extent  and  quality  only  to  those  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

There  are  extensive  mills  and  factories  employed  in  the  production  of  Agricultural  Implements, 
Boilers,  Machinery,  Wooden  Ware,  Paper,  Barrels,  Furniture,  Flour,  Woolens,  Worsteds,  Rail- 
road Cars,  Sulphuric  Acid,  Marble,  Whitelead,  Grindstones,  Gas  and  Coke,  Leather,  Boots  and 
Shoes.  There  is  also  a  great  amount  of  beef  and  pork  packed  here  annually,  and  immense  quanti- 
ties of  lumber  handled.  The  great  fertile  country  known  as  the  Western  Reserve,  affords  for  the 
commerce  of  Cleveland  large  amounts  of  butter  and  general  produce,  and  is  among  her  best  cus- 
tomers for  the  purchase  of  her  manufactured  articles  and  general  merchandise.  It  is  not  needful 
that  we  attempt  to  point  out  and  trace  the  causes  that  have  combined  to  produce  this  wonderful 
growth  and  accumulation  of  industry;  it  is  sufficient  to  know  that  the  forces  which  have  brought  it 
about  are  still  operating  and  efiicient,  and  the  fact  that  these  great  operations  have  been,  and  are  yet 
yeilding  wealth  and  prosperity  to  those  concerned,  is  an  unanswerable  arguement  in  favor  of  their 
advantages,  and  the  prospect  of  greater  growth  in  the  future. 

The  institutions  of  Cleveland  have  kept  pace  with  her  manufactures  and  commerce.  Many  of 
her  church  edifices  are  among  the  most  elegant  architectural  piles  in  the  States,  while  her  schools, 
libraries,  colleges,  hospitals,  halls  and  depots  are  as  widely  known  as  those  of  any  city  in  America. 

The  future  prosperity  and  fame  of  the  "  Forest  City,"  must  be  measured  and  computed  by  the 
scale  upon  which  she  has  founded  her  hopes,  laid  out  lier  plans,  and  thus  far  perfected  her  schemes. 

The  men  who  located  their  homes  on  this  eligible  site  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  cast 
in  their  genius,  skill  and  fortunes  to  the  purpose  of  developing  a  town,  and  eventually  a  city,  in 
Which  it  should  be  a  delight,  and  pleasant  labor  for  themselves,  their  children,  and  the  stranger 
who  might  come  within  their  gates,  to  engage  in  the. otherwise  arduous  ta.sk  of  "ilome  Building," 
have  left  tangible  evidences  of  theit  depth  of  foresight,  and  of  the  generous  breadth  of  their  ideas 


254  HOME     IMTILDING. 

of  comfort,  beauty,  and  healthfulness.  They  laid  out  the  streets  and  avenues  of  their  future  city, 
on  the  grandest  scale  that  men  are  found  to  adopt  under  such  tests.  They  were  not  parsimonious  of 
their  lands,  but  gave  to  their  streets  an  ample  width,  making  many  of  them  100  feet  wide,  and  the 
prominent  ones  125  feet.  They  studded  them  with  elms  and  other  trees,  and,  as  necessity  dictated, 
sewered  and  paved  them.  They  laid  out  and  beautified  public  works,  erected  good  stores,  ware- 
houses and  shops,  and  built  themselves  dwellings,  conspicuous  for  the  taste  of  their  designs  and  the 
beauty  of  their  surroundings.  They  gave  early  and  careful  attention  to  their  moral  and  social  in- 
terest, and  did  not  neglect  their  spiritual  wants.  They  devoted  themselves  to  the  best  and  most 
thorough  system  of  public,  free  school  education,  and  fostered  in  their  midst  schools  and  colleges 
of  science,  medicine  and  art;  and,  when  their  town  leaped  into  a  city  and  finally  grew  to  be  a  wondei 
of  beautj',  they  did  not  supinely  sit  down  content  to  behold  and  gloat  upon  the  products  of  their 
efforts,  but  like  the  eagle  that  in  mid-heaven  lifts  his  eyes,  and  beholding  higher  up  the  silver-lined 
clouds,  nerves  himself  for  the  task,  and  soars  away  to  bathe  his  pinions  amid  their  liquid  crests,  they 
pressed  forward,  and  their  successors  following  in  their  footsteps,  improving  their  plans  where 
possible,  and  never  allowing  any  opportunity  to  benefit  their  commerce,  manufactures,  institutions, 
charities  or  streets  to  escape  their  notice,  they  have  brought  their  city  to  an  enviable  position  of 
splendor  and  beauty,  and  made  it  one  of  the  most  desirable  in  the  land  in  which  men  may  engage 
in  their  life  work  of  "Home  Building." 

That  Cleveland  will  continue  to  follow  in  the  course  which  has  thus  far  obtained  for 
her  pre-eminent  success,  it  would  be  reasonable  to  suppose;  and  in  so  doing  it  would  be  no  less 
reasonable  to  expect  that  her  future  will  eclipse  her  present  glory,  and  that  she  will  continue  to  be 
one  of  the  most  inviting  cities  in  all  our  list,  in  which  sober,  industrious,  Christian  Americans,  of 
any  trade  or  profession,  may  locate  with  hopeful  assurance  that  their  life-work  will  have  a  prosper- 
ous and  useful  course. 

Those  who  are  interested  in  keeping  up  the  supply  of  dwellings  for  the  increasing  population, 
keep  the  probable  demand  well  in  hand,  and  there  is  at  all  times  a  fair  supply  of  houses  from  which 
to  choose,  and  for  which  such  rents  are  not  demanded  as  would  be  likely  to  drive  the  seeker  from 
the  city.  All  the  necessities  of  life  can  be  had  in  Cleveland  at  prices  as  low,  and  in  some  cases 
lower,  than  is  demanded  for  like  articles  in  New  York  City. 

To  those  Avho  may  desire  to  investigate  the  advantages  which  Cleveland  might  offer  to  them,  to 
induce  them  to  make  it  their  place  of  abode,  more  closely  than  it  is  possible  for  us  to  afford  them  in 
our  necessarily  limited  space  an  opportunity  of  doing,  we  would  recommend  Messrs.  Carlton  &  Lee, 
General  Insurance  Agents,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  These  gentlemen  are  not,  to  our  knowledge,  engaged 
in  the  real  estate  business,  but  are  prepared  to  place  insurance  on  buildings  and  goods,  in  good  and 
reliable  companies,  at  the  best  rates  compatable  with  sound  business  principles,  and  are  competent 
to  give  reliable  information  or  advice  in  reference  to  any  special  subject  bearing  upon  any  of  the 
matters  of  which  this  article  has  briefly  spoken,  or  of  any  subject  in  connection  with  Cleveland, 
either  commercial  or  social.     For  cost  of  building,  i&c,  see  tables. 


AKRON. 

Six  hundred  and  fifteen  miles  from  New  York  City  on  the  lines  of  the  Atlantic  and  Great 
Western  Railroad,  the  Cleveland  and  Zanesville  Railroad,  the  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Ohio 
and  Erie  Canals,  and  on  the  banks  of  the  Little  Cuyahoga  River. 

It  is  another  one  of  the  remarkably  prosperous  cities  of  the  "  Western  Reserve,"  is  the  capital 
of  Summit  County,  Ohio,  and  stands  on  the  high  elevation  of  over  400  feet  above  the  level  of 
Lake  Erie.  It  was  ]">rojected  in  1826,  and  shortly  after  the  Ohio  and  Erie  Canal  was  completed  to 
this  point,  but  was  not  finished  to  its  southern  terminus  until  1832,  during  which  year  other  canal 


II  O  M  E      BUI  L  I)  I  N  G  .  255 

connections  were  made,  and  the  town  began  its  forward  movtnu'nt.  In  1841,  the  comity  located  its 
capital  at  this  point,  from  which  time  Akron  became  tlie  most  important  town  in  thai  part  of  the 
country. 

Not  long  after  its  becoming  the  county  seat,  railroad  enterprise  began  to  infuse  new  and 
different  life  into  this  already  busy  place,  since  which  time  it  has  made  rapid  strides  in  the  multi- 
plication of  its  population,  and  now  claims  for  its  inhabitants  the  number  of  17,000.  The  attrac 
tiveness  of  this  city  is  highly  spoken  of  by  those  who  have  inspected  it — its  position  being  remaik- 
ably  elevated  for  a  comparatively  level  country,  and  drainage  of  the  best  quality,  it  has  proved  to 
be  a  very  healthy  and  desirable  place  in  which  to  locate  a  home.  The  best  Hotels,  at  either  of  wliich 
the  weary  seeker  may  tind  rest  and  refreshment,  are  the  Empire  House,  $3.50  per  day,  and  the  City 
Hotel,  $2  per  day. 

Industries  and  Adyantages.  The  river  and  canals  have  been  caused  to  combine  in  affording 
water  power  of  great  capacit)'  for  the  use  of  mills  and  factories  as  a  motor.  The  canals  and  rail- 
roads present  every  desirable  feature  of  economy  and  speed  for  the  purpose  of  gathering  in  supplies 
and  transporting  to  all  parts  of  the  country  or  the  world  manufactured  articles  or  partially  prepared 
products  and  objects  of  commerce.  In  this  vicinity  exists  those  great  beds  of  mineral  material 
which  is  ground  in  oils  and  prepared  as  a  fire-proof  paint  of  superior  quality  and  durability,  and  i^ 
sold  and  shipped  in  every  direction.  Tne  farms  of  the  country  are  noted  for  the  production  of 
wheat,  butter,  cheese  and  other  produce  which  is  gathered  into  this  point,  consumed  or  shipped  in 
large  amounts. 

In  connection  with  mechanical  industry,  extensive  and  well-known  factories,  mills  and  shops 
are  engaged  in  the  production  of  Mowers  and  Reapers,  Knives,  Rubber  Goods,  Chairs,  Rakes,  Iron, 
Stoves,  Floar,  Oatmeal,  Pearl  Barley,  Fire  Brick,  Sewer  Pipe,  Building  Materials  in  general,  and 
many  other  articles  of  farm  and  household  use. 

Institutions.  The  moral  and  religious  tone  of  Akron  appears  to  be  of  a  desirable  character, 
and  there  are  well-sustained  churches  of  all  the  leading  denominations,  except  the  Methodist. 

The  common  schools  are  a  feature  of  which  the  people  take  great  care  and  pride,  and  are  the 
result  of  what  is  known  as  the  "Akron  School  Law."  Buchtel  College,  a  large  and  nourishing 
institution  of  great  dimensions,  is  located  here,  and  there  are  also  the  usual  proportion  of  benevolent 
societies  and  other  associations. 

Real  Estate  is  commanding  good  prices,  though  not  higher  than  the  average  for  such  places. 
The  lands  are  of  a  superior  quality  and  well  drained,  as  the  city  is  spread  out  over  seven  Lcn  le  hills 
and  well  drained  to  the  river.  The  farmers  in  the  immediate  locality  are  principally  eiuaged  in 
raising  wheat,  corn,  oats,  barley  and  rye. 

The  Jfative  Materials  for  building  are  lumber,  stone,  brick,  and  paint,  and  tlie  character  and 
cost  of  buildings  erected  here  compare  favorably  with  the.  average  of  those  places  we  have  pre- 
viously treated  in  detail. 

Future  Prospects.  The  people  of  Akron  look  forward  with  the  intention  of  making  this  city 
one  of  the  first  in  the  State,  they  have  remarkable  facilities  for  manufacturing  extensively  and 
economically;  have  the  best  means  of  inland  transportation;  an  industrious,  thriving,  enterprising, 
determined,  public-spirited  people,  and  a  fertile,  heavily-populated  country  around  them.  Among 
the  wants  expressed  by  those  who  are  best  informed,  and  which  cannot  long  be  kept  from  a  people 
who  are  anxious  to  promote  the  best  interests  of  the  city,  in  which  they  are  bending  their  energies 
to  render  more  successful  the  great  work  of  "Home  Building,"  is  another  hotel  which  shall  be 
superior  in  class  to  any  now  in  the  place,  good  and  cheap  gas,  and  water-works  which  shall  be  at 
once  ample  in  its  capacity  for  the  growth  of  half  a  century,  and  organized  on  the  best  model. 

The  Cost  of  Living  is  at  low  average,  which  may  be  readily  understood  when  it  is  remembered 

ihat  there  is  a  generous  supply  of  all  farm  products,  and  a  lively  competition  always  maintained  in 
he  place. 

There  are  six  newspapers  published  in  the  city,  including  dailies  and  weeklies:  The  "  Beacon," 
Republican,  having  the  largest  circulation,  and  the  "  City  Times,"  Democratic,  ranlcing  second. 
There  are  also  good  banks  which  afford  ample  accommodations  in  their  lines.     Insurance  com- 


256  HOMEBUILDING. 

panies  are  well  represented  in  A.kron,  and  there  are  a  few  dealers  in  real  estate,  among  them 
Ruggles  &  Warren,  who  would  cheerfully  answer  any  inquiries  with  reference  to  their  line  of  busi- 
ness. Among  the  life  insurance  people,  J.  Matthews  ifc  Son  are  the  agents  of  the  Mutual  Life  In- 
surance Co.  of  New  York,  and  are  also  placing  lives  in  other  good  companies,  are  men  of  much 
experience  and  high  standing  in  their  business,  are  well  informed  with  reference  to  the  city  and  its 
surrounding  country,  and  would  cheerfully  afford  any  detail  information  desired  by  the  seeker, 
which  could  be  relied  upon  as  trustworthy. 


MANSFIELD. 


We  could  not  justly  leave  this  little  city  out  of  our  list.  It  is  on  the  line  of  the  Atlantic  and 
Great  Western  Railroad,  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne,  and  Chicago  Railroad,  and  the  Sandusky, 
Mansfield,  and  Newark  Railroad,  is  about  the  center  of  Richland  Co.,  Ohio,  of  which  it  is  the 
county  seat,  and  is  683  miles  from  New  York.  It  was  projected  in  the  early  part  of  this  century, 
and  was  laid  out  in  the  midst  of  a  vast  forest  of  oak,  ash,  beech,  maple,  and  walnut  timber,  which 
rapidly  yielded  to  the  stroke  of  the  ax  and  fire  of  the  pioneer's  iorch,  and  the  farms  when  brought 
under  cultivation  proved  to  be  exceedingly  rich,  which  suggested  the  name  for  the  county.  The 
Inhabitants  now  number  over  10,000,  and  the  town,  standing  on  a  high,  airy,  well-drained  site,  is  as 
healthy  as  any  of  the  towns  of  its  size  in  that  part  of  the  State.  It  records  five  Hotels  :  The  Wiler, 
Tounley's,  and  St.  James  Hotels  charging  $2  per  day,  and  the  European  and  Atlantic  Houses,  |1  50 
per  day. 

Its  Industries  are  mostly  of  a  commercial  nature  in  connection  with  the  fertile  and  thickly 
populated  country  of  the  county.  There  are  some  manufacturing  enterprises  at  work,  however, 
and  much  activity  in  connectton  with  the  railroads. 

Its  Institntions  are  a  prominent  feature  of  the  place,  especially  its  churches,  of  which  it 
possesses  about  a  dozen.  Its  public  schools,  like  all  the  Ohio  towns  and  cities,  are  the  pride  of 
parents  and  tutors,  and  are  ample  in  number.  It  has  also  schools  of  higher  grades,  and  will,  no 
doubt,  soon  become  the  home  of  a  flourishing  college.  There  are  benevolent  and  literary  societies, 
State  and  National  Banks,  and  other  institutions  of  a  useful  nature.  Its  Court-House  is  a  neat, 
suitable  building,  although  it  will,  no  doubt,  be  replaced  with  one  of  a  more  pretentious  character 
before  many  years.  Many  of  the  dwellings  are  exceedingly  neat  and  pretty,  and  are  surrounded 
with  grounds,  evincing  much  study  and  taste  in  landscape  effect.  The  cost  of  building  is  not  of 
a  high  rate,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  tables,  and  there  is  a  decided  desire  to  improve  in  style  and 
quality  manifested.  There  are  four  newspapers  supported  in  the  place,  all  well  sustained,  having 
an  average  circulation  of  about  1,200. 

The  Future  of  this  beautifully  located  little  city  will,  no  doubt,  be  a  bright  one,  and  the  chances 
are  that  be  who  locates  his  home  in  or  near  it  will,  by  persevering,  honest  industry,  meet  with  the 
reward  of  rich  success. 


MARION 

Is  the  county  seat  of  Marion  Co.,  Ohio;  is  on  the  line  of  the  Atlantic  and  Great  Western  Rail- 
road, and  the  junction  of  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  and  Indianapolis  Railways;  is  717 
miles  from  New  York,  and  about  45  miles  north  of  Columbus,  Ohio. 

It  was  projected  over  fifty  years  since,  being  laid  out  in  1821,  and  has  a  population  of  about 


HOME      BUILDING.  257 

4,000.  Marion  County  forms  part  of  tlie  water-shed  between  the  sources  of  the  Sciota  and  the  San- 
dusky Rivers,  is  well  drained,  and  its  capital  is  considered  a  healthy  town.  The  Kerr  House 
charges  $2  per  day,  and  the  Exchange  and  JJ^ational  Houses,  $1  50  and  $1  per  day. 

Its  Iiistitiilioiis  and  Industries  keep  pace  with  each  other,  and  botli  are  making  a  steady 
"growth.  There  are  tive  or  six  churches,  good  schools,  banks,  a  Court-House,  and  two  newspapers 
— the  "Marion  Independent,  "circulating  about  1,000;  and  the  "  Democratic  Mirror,"  circulating 
about  1,200;  the  former  being  Republican  and  the  latter  Democratic. 

The  buildings  erected  here  are  some  of  them  very  creditable  architectural  piles,  aud  many  of 
the  dwellings  are  pleasant,  modern-looking  houses.  Most  of  the  buildings  are  frame  .structures, 
although  there  are  several  good  stores  and  other  buildings  of  brick  and  stone.  (Compare  costs  in 
the  tables.) 

The  Advantages  and  Future  Prospects  of  this  town  are  intimately  joked  with  the  rich  farming 
countiy  of  which  it  is  the  commercial  center,  and  the  active  railroad  interests  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected, and  will,  no  doubt,  continue  its  steady  progress  toward  the  dignity  of  a  populous  city. 


URBAN  A. 


This  central  Ohio  town  is  the  capital  of  Champaign  County,  Ohio,  and  is  beautifully  situated 
on  the  Atlantic  and  Great  Western  Railroad,  the  Sandusky,  Dayton  and  Cincinnati  Railroad,  and 
has  other  railrond  connections.  It  is  706  miles  from  New  York,  and  95  from  Cincinnati.  It  has  a 
population  of  6,000;  is  considered  as  healthy  as  its  neighboring  county  towns,  and  has  a  few  toler- 
able fair  Hotels.  This  is  another  of  the  towns  of  Ohio  whicli  draws  its  prosperity  from  the  re- 
markably productive  country  around  it,  and  its  Principal  Industries  are  in  connection  with  the 
farming  interests,  although  it  is  engaged  in  manufacturing  to  some  extent.  It  is  a  railroad  center 
of  importance,  and  carries  on  a  large  commerce  with  other  points  through  that  medium.  There  are 
seven  churches,  good  schools,  a  college  of  a  sectarian  nature  (Swcdenborgian),  three  banks,  three 
newspapers,  and  a  neat  Court-House  among  its  institutions. 

A  foundery  and  a  woolen  factory  are  the  leading  mechanical  enterprises.  The  first  hou.se  built 
in  this  town  was  erected  over  seventy  years  ago,  and  the  place  has  steadily  made  yearly  increase 
ever  since.  It  is  in  a  healthy  condition,  commercially,  and  will,  judging  from  the  past,  and  what 
appears  to  be  the  spirit  of  the  people,  continue  to  improve  in  wealth  and  importance  during  the 
next  half  century  as  it  has  in  the  past.  The  cost  of  living,  and  "  Home  Building"  in  general,  is  on 
an  economical  scale. 


SPRINGFIELD,  OHIO. 

Located  in  the  heart  of  Clark  County,  of  which  it  is  the  capital,  its  position,  beauty  and  impor- 
tance are  only  second  to  the  city  of  Akron,  which  we  have  already  described,  and  which  is  passed 
by  the  same  great  national  thoroughfare,  the  Atlantic  and  Great  Western  Railroad.  It  is  also  on 
tiie  lines  of  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  and  Cleveland;  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  and  Cincinnati,  and 
a  branch  of  the  little  Miami  Railroads. 

This  city  was  projected  in  1803,  became  the  county  seat  early  in  the  history  of  the  county,  and 
has  made  a  steady  increase  to  a  population  of  over  16,000.  The  general  character  of  the  country 
surrounding,  and  the  site  of  this  town,  are  of  a  level  nature,  although  the  drainage  is  ample  for  sani- 
tary purposes,  and  the  place  is  considered  as  healthy  as  the  average  of  central  Ohio  towns.     There 


258  .   H  O  ]\r  E    BUILDING. 

are  ample  Hotel  accommodations  In  the  place;  the  Lagonda  House  charges  $2  50  per  day,  and  the 
American  House,  $1  50  per  day. 

Industries.  The  Mad  River  and  Laconda  Creek  unite  on  the  north-westerly  side  of  the  old 
part  of  the  town,  and  have  a  course  with  sufficient  fall  to  afford  very  fine  water-power  privileges 
which  has  heen  fully  improved,  and  there  are  now  extensive  Mills,  Factories,  Founderies  and 
Machine  Shops  in  active  operation.  Among  the  more  important  operations  is  the  production  of 
Flour,  of  which  the  Springfield  brands  have  a  wide  reputation.  The  Turbine  water-wheel  is  manu- 
factured at  this  place,  and  has  acquired  a  reputation  as  wide  as  any  machine  ever  invented  for  the 
purposes  it  serves.  The  agricultural  implements  manufactured  here  are  also  of  the  best  quality,  and 
the  Springfield  reapers  and  mowers  are  seldom,  if  ever,  excelled.  There  are  also  mills  manufac- 
turing Paper,  Woolens,  Cotton  Goods,  and  a  variety  of  machinery  and  other  articles. 

Institutions.  The  beautiful,  industrious  city  of  Springfield  has  not  in  its  onward  march  to 
wealth  and  greatness,  forgotten  or  left  undeveloped  the  higher  life  of  its  inhabitants,  without  which 
no  place  or  people  can  ever  attain  unto  true  and  permanent  greatness.  We  find  here  ten  well  sup- 
ported churches,  representing  the  leading  evangelical  denominations,  the  Lutheran  taking  the  ad- 
vance— which  has  a  college  (Wittenberg  College)  at  this  place,  situated  on  the  westerly  side  of  the 
cit}^,  and  surrounded  by  spacious  grounds,  through  the  paths  of  Avhich,  shaded  by  towering  forest 
trees,  we  remember  to  have  walked  with  feelings  of  awe  and  wonder  as  we  contemplated  the  fact  that, 
little  over  half  a  century  ago,  this  seat  of  civilization  and  intellectual  culture  was  locked  in  the  fast- 
ness of  an  unbroken  wilderness,  and  was  the  home. and  native  place  of  the  notorious  Indian  chief, 
Tecumseh;  and  how  that  his  bands  of  red  braves  defended  their  hunting  grounds  never  so  stoutly, 
but,  alas!  they  disappeared  before  the  advancing  pale  face  like  the  snow  flakes  of  July  from  before 
the  rod  of  Sol;  and  since,  long  years,  the  hills,  rocks,  and  rivers  that  were  made  to  frown  at  their 
hideous  shrieks  for  blood  and  vengeance,  have  peaceably  listened  to  the  songs  and  prayers  of  a 
Christian  people.  There  are  ample  and  well-appointed  public  schools,  a  popular  seminary,  publia 
libraries,  a  lyceum,  banks  and  other  institutions  of  a  social,  religious,  and  commercial  nature  flour- 
lishing  in  this  city,  and  beside  these  are  the  following  newspapers  and  periodicals  prospering  in  the 
place:  The  "Springfield  Republic,"  established  1819,  circulation  daily,  850,  weeklj-,  1,500;  the 
"Springfield  Advertiser,"  Republican,  circulation,  300;  the  "  Springfield  Gazette,"  circulation,  700; 
the  "  Springfield  Journal,"  German,  circulation,  844;  the  "  Springfield  Transcript,"  Democratic, 
weekly,  circulation,  1,000;  the  "Grange  Visitor  and  Farmers'  Monthly  Magazine,"  circulation, 
4,000;  "Lcffel's  Illustrated  Milling  and  Mechanical  News,"  monthly,  circulation,  7,500.  With  this 
array  of  press  helps  it  is  not  difficult  to  see  that  the  people  of  Springfield  and  Clark  County  are  a 
thinking  class. 

Buildings,  Advantages,  Future.  There  are  good  proportion  of  well-built  stores,  dwellings,  and 
other  buildings  in  this  city,  some  of  which  are  of  superior  elegance.  The  majority  of  the  buildings 
are  frame  structures,  although  many  are  of  brick  and  stone,  both  of  Avhich  are,  with  lumber  and 
lime,  native  to  the  place.  (To  compute  costs  see  tables.)  The  general  advantages  of  this  city  are  to 
be  found  in  the  fact  that  it  is  the  center  and  county  seat  of  a  rich,  populous,  highly  cultivated 
county,  from  which  it  derives  a  large  and  profitable  commerce,  and  into  which  several  macadamized 
roads  penetrate  in  as  many  directions.  It  is  a  railroad  center  of  about  the  third  magnitude,  and  is 
thereby  enabled  to  send  to  all  points  its  surplus  manufactures,  and  to  push  forward  its  conmiercial 
enterprises.  Its  future  will  continue  to  develop  greater  resources  and  culture,  and  it  will,  no  doubt, 
be  among  the  foremost  cities  of  the  State  at  the  end  of  this  century. 


DAYTON,  OHIO. 

Southwestern  Ohio  is  a  region  of  almost  unsurpassed  fertility  of  soil,  industry,  thrift,  and 
culture  of  people.     Its  great  cities  and  large  towns  are,  many  of  them,  marvels  of  elegance  and 


II  0  ]^I  E      BUILDING.  259 

splendor  of  architecture,  while  their  situations  are  remarkable  for  the  beauty  and  charm  of  their 
character.  Second  among  them  all  stands  Dayton — Cincinnati  being  first.  This  attractive  city  is 
801  miles  from  New  York,  and  60  miles  from  Cincinnati,  by  way  of  the  Atlantic  and  Great  "Western 
Railroad,  and  is  on  the  line  of  tive  other  railroads  which  connect  it  direct  with  the  east,  west,  north, 
and  south.  It  is  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Great  Miami  River  at  the  confluence  of  the  Mad  River. 
It  is  on  the  line  of  the  Miami  Canal,  which  was  one  of  the  first  enterprises  that  gave  the  place  a  con- 
siderable impetus  of  growth.  It  stands  in  the  midst  of  an  exceedingly  fertile,  rather  level  country, 
near  the  center  of  Montgomery  County,  of  which  it  is  the  capital.  Dayton  stands  iipon  a  situation 
naturally  suggestive  of  a  city,  it  was  first  settled  in  179G,  and  was  incorporated  as  a  village  in  1805, 
but  did  not  make  any  great  progress  until  1830,  when,  after  the  completion  of  the  Aliami  Canal 
from  Cincinnati  to  this  point,  different  industries  began  to  spring  up  here,  and  its  numbers  increased 
more  rapidly. 

After  1850  it  began  to  form  railroad  connections,  since  which  time  it  has  marched  with  a  bold 
and  rapid  stride  to  its  present  advanced  position,  and  now  claims  a  population  of  45,000  remarkably 
industrious  and  thriving  people.  The  healthful  nets  of  this  city  has  proved  to  be  of  a  very  superior 
character,  and  great  efforts  have  been  put  forth  to  maintain  its  high  standing  in  that  respect. 

Hotels  are  abundant  in  the  place  and  some  of  them  are  of  a  high  character;  the  Becket  House, 
makes  a  charge  of  $3  per  day,  and  the  Merchant's  Hotel,  $2  per  day. 

Principal  Industries.  The  great  Miami  and  Mad  Rivers  have  been  improved  in  such  a  way  as 
to  afford  to  the  manufacturing  people  of  Dayton  almost  unlimited  water-power  of  the  most  con- 
venient nature.  The  water  of  Mad  River  is  by  a  hydraulic  canal  brought  through  the  city,  and  there 
arc  located  along  these  means  of  i)ropeling  machinery,  immense  factories  and  mills.  Prominent 
among  them  are  those  that  manufacture  railroad  cars,  and  at  these  shops  are  turned  out  the  best  de- 
signed, most  elegant  and  substantially  built  cars  in  the  country;  we  doubt  if  there  are  any  who  have 
traveled  to  any  extent  on  palace  cars  and  sleeping  coaches,  who  have  not  remarked  the  superiority 
and  beauty  of  the  Dayton  cars.  Then  there  are  extensive  Cotton  and  Woolen  Factories,  Paper  Mills, 
Oil  and  Flouring  Mills,  JMolding  and  Planing  Mills,  M  umfactories  of  Hollow  Ware,  Stoves,  and 
Agricultural  Machinery  and  Implements,  Founderies  and  Machine  Shops,  and  in  fact,  almost  every 
article  of  household,  farm  or  shop  use,  is  made  here  in  great  quantities  and  shipped  to  all  parts  of 
the  world,  beside  the  commerse  of  this  city  with  the  country  around  it  is  of  great  importance.  At 
this  point  is  found  a  fine  white  marble,  and  an  excellent  limestone,  both  of  which  are  extensively 
used  for  building  purposes  here  and  in  Cincinnati. 

Institutions.  The  pul)lic  buildings  of  Dayton  are  as  noted  for  their  elegance  and  magnitude 
as  are  its  manufactories  for  their  extent  and  superiority.  It  contains  about  forty  churches,  which 
is  more  thau  is  in  any  other  city  of  its  sizie  we  know  of;  many  of  them  worship  in  splendid 
SLone  buildings  that  are  remarkable  for  the  beauty  of  their  architecture.  They  represent  all  the 
leading  denomination s.  Tliere  are  seven  or  eight  well-organized  public  schools,  the  Cooper  Female 
Academy,  a  large  institution,  which  is  well  known  and  in  a  flourishng  condition,  and  other  good 
schools,  of  a  private  nature.  The  Court  House  at  this  place  is  a  building  of  remarkable  elegance,  and 
has  elicited  much  praise.  There  nre  several' banks  and  insurance  companies  in  this  city,  and  twelve 
newspapers  and  periodicals  published  here,  all  Well  supported;  six  of  which  are  of  areligous  nature, 
and  two  are  German.     The  central  national  soldiers  home  is  about  four  miles  out  ot  the  city. 

Advantages  and  Future  Prospects.  By  way  of  the  canal,  the  merchants  and  manufacturers 
of  Dayton  have  cheap  freights  to  all  points  from  the  Ohio  River  at  Cincinnati  to  Lake  Erie  at  San- 
dusky, and  down  the  Wabash  Canal,  jvith  all  its  connections,  through  Central  Indiana,  and  by  way 
of  the  Lakes,  the  New  York  and  Erie  Canal  to  New  York  City;  whde  her  mass  of  railroads  gives 
her  ready  and  rapid  access  to  all  points  where  railroads  touch. 

There  are,  beside,  twenty-six  macadamized  roads  running  from  this  city  in  all  directions,  which 
give  the  farmers  good  wheeling  at  all  seasons  to  bring  in  their  produce. 

Building  can  bo  executed  at  a  low  rate  of  cost  at  this  point,  and  the  private  residences  of  the 
place  are  of  a  remarkable  elegant  class,  many  of  them  surpassing  any  we  illustrate.  The  streets 
are  laid  out  regular,  are  mostly  lUO  feet  Avide,  and  are  at  right  angles  to  each  'other.       There  are 


260  HOME    BUILDING. 

many  of  them  set  with  fine  Shade  trees,  and  also  many  of  the  private  residences  have  beautiful 
grounds  around  them.  We  cannot  look  upon  such  a  picture  of  human  skill,  culture,  perseverance 
and  industry,  as  stretches  up  before  us  at  this  city,  without  contemplating  for  her  a  future  of  a 
grand  and  beautiful  nature. 

What  she  has  done,  and  what  her  present,  vast,  roaring  machinery  is  doing  to  gather  in  wealth, 
teach  a  great  and  grand  lesson  of  industry  to  her  coming  people,  and  to  make  sure  her  position 
among  the  cities  of  America  is  certain  to  succeed,  and  her  institutions  are  training  her  young  men 
to  hold  fast  their  success  when  they  shall  obtain  it. 


HAMILTON. 


This  is  another  flourishing  city  of  the  great  Miami  Valley,  and  is  divided  in  two  sections  by 
that  river;  is  the  county  seat  of  Butler  County,  Ohio,  one  of  the  most  fertile  and  thickly'  populated 
coimties  in  the  State;  is  836  miles  from  New  York  City  by  way  of  the  Atlantic  and  Great 
Western  Railroad,  which  passes  through  it,  and  25  miles  north  of  Cincinnati.  The  Cincinnati, 
Richmond  and  Chicago  and  the  Cincinnati  and  Indianapolis  Junction  Railways  center  at  this 
place.    It  is  also  on  the  line  of  the  Miami  Canal. 

In  1853  the  present  charter  of  Hamilton  was  granted,  when  it  was  made  to  include  the  town  of 
Roseville,  on  the  western  bank  of  the  river,  and  the  present  city  lies  on  both  sides  of  the  river. 
About  twenty  years  since  a  hydraulic,  canal  was  perfected  at  this  city,  since  which  time  extensive 
manufacturing  and  milling  interests  have  sprung  up,  and  the  place  has  rapidly  increased  in  popula- 
tion until  it  now  numbers  15,000  inhabitants.  The  healthfulness  of  the  place  stands  at  a  fair 
average  with  other  large  towns  in  that  part  of  the  State.  It  has  a  few  hotels  most  of  which  charge 
$2  per  day. 

Industries.  The  great  wheat  and  corn  growing  region  of  the  Miami  Valley,  yields  this  city 
many  sources  of  revenue  and  contributes  largely  to  its  general  commerce.  The  factories  and  mills 
that  are  advantageously  employing  the  water-power  secured  by  the  hydraulic  canal,  are  mostly  en- 
gaged in  grinding  flour,  making  paper  and  agricultural  implements.  There  are  also  Woolen  Fac- 
tories, Iron  Foundery  and  Machine  Shops,  Planing  and  Molding  Mills  and  other  works. 

Institutions.  This  city  being  the  seat  of  justice  of  the  county  in  which  it  stands,  it  contains 
the  Court-House,  which  is  a  very  creditable  building,  and  all  other  county  buildings  and  institutions 
are  in  or  near  it.  There  are  also  about  twelve  churches,  two  or  three  banks,  good  public  free 
schools,  quite  an  array  of  benevolent  and  other  societies,  and  three  newspaper  offices. 

Future  Prospects.  The  advance  this  city  has  made  in  the  various  pursuits  of  a  highly  civilized 
people,  the  condition  of  its  industries,  the  advantage  it  possesses  for  maintaining  and  extending 
them,  the  excellent  appearance  and  character  of  its  dwellings  and  other  buildings,  with  the 
economical  means  it  possesses  for  erecting  them,  the  great  richness  of  the  country  surrounding  it, 
with  the  facilities  it  possesses  for  commercial  intercourse,  all  combine  to  inspire  the  idea  tliat 
Hamilton  will  continue  to  progress. 


HOME     BUILDING.  261 


CINCINXATI. 

Centrally  located  in  a  vast,  fertile,  densely-populated  region  of  country,  which  embraces  the 
best  and  most  beautiful  parts  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Kentucky,  on  the  northern  bank  of  that  splen- 
did watercourse  known  by  the  aborigines  of  the  country  as  tlie  "  Beautiful  River,"  and  in  the  south- 
western corner  and  county  of  Hamilton  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  is  situated  this  splendid  metropolis  of 
the  greatest  agricultural  and  industrial  section  of  the  immediate  west,  which  is  contained  in  the 
circle  of  a  radius  of  about  150  miles. 

It  is  861  miles  distant  from  New  York  City  by  way  of  the  Atlantic  and  Great  Western  liailroad, 
which  runs  its  sleeping-coaches  through  to  this  point,  is  785  miles  from  New  York  City  by  the  Bal- 
timore and  Ohio  Railroad,  which  requires  one  or  two  changes,  and  is  757  miles  by  the  "Pan-Handle 
Route,"  which  runs  the  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati,  and  St.  Louis  Railroad. 
Cincinnati  is  also  the  objective  point  of  many  other  railroads  from  the  north,  south,  east  and  went. 
In  1788  a  village  was  projected  and  a  few  log-houses  put  up,  under  the  protection  of  a  large  log 
block-house,  which  stood  in  the  center  of  a  plot  inclosed  by  a  palisade,  situated  on  the  bank  of  the 
Ohio  River,  about  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Licking  River,  and  known  as  Fort  Washington.  The 
little  colony  struggled  with  the  towering  forests  and  prowling  savages,  at  times  almost  vanquished, 
and  making  such  tardy  progress  toward  building  a  town,  that  in  1805,  when  Archibald  Edwards 
(the  grandfather  of  the  writer),  arrived  at  the  place  with  his  teams  and  goods,  there  were  but  a  few 
dozens  of  log  and  frame  houses,  an  indifferent  store  or  two,  a  blacksmith  shop,  and  a  small  frame 
meeting-house  opposite,  which  stood  a  short  distance  above  what  is  now  Main  and  Third  Streets, 
and  not  over  800  souls  in  the  neighborhood.  The  place  at  that  time  could  not  boast  of  «i  ♦-avern, 
and  the  emigrant  referred  to  camped  under  the  spreading  arms  of  a  massive  walnut  tree,  which 
stood  on  the  second  plateau,  not  far  from  the  present  Main  and  Fifth  Streets.  About  1813  steam- 
boat navigation  commenced  on  the  western  rivers,  and  although  it  was  of  a  primitive  character,  it 
soon  began  to  inspire  this  remarkably  favored  spot  with  the  wild  vigor  of  aspiring  life,  and  in  a 
few  more  years  it  was  the  great  mart  of  the  west,  building  and  running  more  boats  than  any  other 
of  the  many  towns  on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Rivers.  Steamboat  enterprises,  including  the  building 
of  boats  and  the  navigation  of  all  accessible  rivers  for  the  purpose  of  passenger  and  freight  carriage 
advanced  with  remarkable  rapidity,  and  was  carried  to  its  highest  perfection  during  the  first  half  of 
the  present  century. 

Cir.cinnati  threw  great  energy  into  this  and  kindred  branches  of  industrial  and  mercantile 
commerce.  Canals  were  extended  from  this  point  to  the  great  lakes,  and  branches  of  them  sent  off 
into  Indiania.  Mcadamisjod  roads  were  constructed  from  here  far  into  the  interior  of  the  three 
States  near  at  hand,  in  all  directions;  and  when  railroads  began  their  work  of  revolutionizing  the 
commercial  systems  of  the  country,  this  people  were  not  backward  in  the  work,  but  gave  their 
aid  and  co-operation  generously  to  the  new  enterprise. 

While  these  more  strictly  commercial  developements  were  in  progress,  there  sprung  up  in  this 
place,  somewhat  as  a  matter  of  necessity,  in  order  to  meet  the  demands  born  of  the  wants  of  the 
people  in  their  various  pursuits,  and  rolled  in  upon  this  city  from  all  directions,  hundreds  of  fac- 
tories, mills,  founderies,  shops,  lumber  and  boat  yards,  warehouses  and  stores,  and  there  flocked  to 
it  as  many  thousands  of  vigorous,  industrious,  and  enterprising  merchants,  mechanics,  and  specula- 
tors; so  that  before  the  century  had  three-quarters  sped  away,  Cincinnati,  which  began  it  with  a 
handful  of  wood-choppers,  farmers,  and  small  tradesmen,  has  expanded  to  vast  dimensions,  and 
stands  calmly  forth,  a  splendid  metropolis,  possessing  Inhabitants  numbering  over  a  quarter  of  a 
million. 

Position  and  Health  fulness.  This  city  stands  on  a  high,  semi-circular  plateau  of  unequal 
highths,  varying  from  50  to  100  feet  above  the  level  of  the  river,  which  rolls '  quietly  along  its 
/Southern  side,  and  is  overlooked  by  high,  somewhat  broken  hills  and  ridges,  which  sweep  around 


262  HOME    BUILDING. 

from  the  river  on  the  east,  receding  from  it  about  two  and  a  half  miles  in  the  center  on  the  north, 
and  returning  to  it  again  on  the  west,  at  a  distance  of  about  three  miles  below  the  point  at  which  it 
left  it,  and  being  divided  just  above  this  lower  point  by  Deer  Creek,  through  the  valley  of  which 
the  Miami  Canal  centers  the  city.  The  hills  and  ridges  rise  to  an  average  elevation  of  over  four 
hundred  feet  above  the  river  level,  overlooking  the  entire  plain  upon  which  the  city  stands,  a  long 
line  of  the  broad  and  shining  river,  the  cities  of  Covington  and  Newport,  divided  by  the  Licking 
River,  on  the  Kentucky  shore,  and  the  correspondingly  semi-circular  hills  that  sweep  around  them 
on  the  south.  Such  is  the  site  chosen  by  a  party  of  pioneers  from  New  Jersey  in  1788  upon  which 
to  found  a  town.  The  plateau  upon  which  the  city  stands  is  naturally  gently  sloping  toward  the 
river  and  creek,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  gather  to  the  best  advantage  the  genial  light  and  warmth  of 
the  sun,  which  is  one  of  the  greatest  aids  to  ventilation,  while  the  high  backing  of  hills  cuts  off  the 
cold,  boisterous  winds  from  the  north-west,  affords  charming  views  of  this  great  human  hive  and  its 
surroundings,  and  delightful  opportunity  for  recreation  and  air  on  the  part  of  the  people  during  the 
pleasant  seasons  of  the  year. 

Added  to  the  natural  auxiliaries  are  to  be  found  all  known  artificial  means  for  procuring  health, 
such  as  water,  complete  and  thorough  systems  of  sewerage  and  ventilation,  the  restllt  of  all  which 
has  been  to  procure  for  Cincinnati  a  very  excellent  record  for  healthfulness. 

Hotels.  We  do  not  think  that  any  city  in  the  United  States  achieved  so  early  and  so  high  a 
reputation  for  the  extent  and  character  of  its  Hotels  as  did  the  "  Queen  City  "  of  the  West;  in  fact, 
we  suppose,  no  city  has  had  a  greater  demand  made  upon  it  for  the  entertainment  of  travelers,  inves- 
tigators and  observers.  For  many  years  it  was  the  great  middle  point  of  interest,  at  which  all  who 
were  prospecting  or  touring  west,  north-west,  or  south-west,  were  sure  to  stop,  at,  least  for  a  short 
time;  and,  indeed,  it  laid  directly  on  the  line  of  the  then  great  thoroughfare  over  which  the  whole 
country  traveled.  Since  the  introduction  of  railroads  and  many  great  trunk  lines  have  been  con- 
structed from  as  many  different  points  along  the  Atlantic  Coast  to  all  points  of  interest  west,  many 
of  which  lay  as  far  west  of  Cincinnati,  and  farther  than  she  does  of  New  York,  and  also  since  many 
of  these  popular  routes  avoid  this  point  completely,  passing  far  north  and  even  south  of  it,  a  great 
shortening  of  the  proj)ortion  of  travel  that  touches  here  has  taken  place,  although  there  has  been  no 
real  dimimition  of  the  numbers  of  her  guests,  but  rather  a  large  increase. 

Among  the  earliest  noted  hotels  of  the  place,  and  which  still  holds  its  position  in  the  roll  of 
honor,  is  the  Burnett  House,  which  makes  a  charge  of  $4  a  day,  while  good  rooms  and  meals  can  be 
had  at  the  Indiania  House  for  $1  50  per  day.  The  newest  "  crack"  hotel  of  the  city  is  the  Grand 
Hotel,  which  is  a  splendid  new  building  erected  two  years  since  on  Fourth  Street;  its  charges  are 
the  same  as  the  Burnett  House. 

ludustries.  The  commercial  developments  and  resources  of  Cincinnati,  which  as.sumed  great 
magnitude  and  importance  nearly  fifty  years  ago,  have  gradually  and  vastly  expanded,  until  they 
now  give  constant  and  profitable  employment  to  thousands  of  people;  while  her  manufacturing  in- 
terests have  rose  to  a  corresponding  extent  in  multitude  and  usefulness.  Prominent  among  the  in- 
dustrial establishments  of  the  place,  which  have  for  many  years  stood  at  the  highest  point  of  popu- 
larity in  their  lines,  are  those  which  manufacture  iron;  taking  it  in  the  ore,  carrying  it  through  all 
its  hot  processes,  rolling,  hammering,  twisting,  molding,  turning  and  forming  it  into  thousands  of 
useful  and  ingenious  forms,  from  a  tack  to  a  steam  engine,  a  mammoth  printing  press  or  a  railroad 
bridge  across  the  Ohio.  The  great  economy  with  which  inexhaustible 'Supplies  of  ore  and  coals  can 
be  brought  from  up  or  down  the  river  makes  it  possible  for  those  engaged  in  this  line  of  most  im- 
portant industry  to  defy  competition  on  the  part  of  all  but  a  very  few  places  in  the  United  States. 

The  production  of  furniture  for  household,  office,  hotel,  steamboat,  church  and  school  pur- 
poses, of  all  shades,  grades  nnd  qualities,  has,  without  doubt,  surpassed  any  city  in  the  west;  while 
the  manufacture  of  all  kinds  of  wooden  implements,  ware  and  trinkets  has  been  almost  as  great. 
Nor  should  we  be  surprised  that  it  is  the  case,  when  it  is  remembered  that  the  vast  forests  of  walnut, 
oak,  ash,  maple,  poplar,  beach  and  pine  woods  are  economically  accessible  by  rivers,  canals  and  rail- 
loads  from  this  point. 

The  manufactm'e  of  cotton  has  also  taken  a  prominent -part  from  the  same  causes,  while  many 


ttOME     BtJILDITfO.  263 

other  branches  of  Industry  have  sprung  up  and  flourished  through  the  same  genial  influence,  among 
them  we  will  name  the  production  of  Carriages  and  other  Vehicles,  Paper,  Boots  and  Shoes,  and 
almost  all  articles  required  to  build  and  equip  a  home.  The  culture  of  the  grape,  and  production 
of  wines  has  for  many  years  attracted  much  attention  around  and  in  Cincinnati,  while  her  reputa- 
tion as  a  pork-packing  mart  has  earned  for  her  the  distinction  of  "Porkopolis."  The  prominent 
natural  Advantages  of  central  position,  and  convenience  of  rivers  for  transportation,  have  been 
appropriated  to  the  fullest  extent;  while  such  artificial  auxiliaries  as  canals,  railroads  and  turn- 
pikes have  been  added  to  .them  to  the  greatest  possible  degree,  for  the  means  and  time  this  enter- 
prising people  have  had  at  command. 

Institutions.  Of  these  in  Cincinnati  it  might  be  truthfully  said,  "their  names  are  legion;" 
there  are  135  churches,  representing  all  shades  of  Christian  faith  and  church  government.  Among 
the  pioneers  in  the  doctrine  of  "  Free  Public  Schools,"  none  took  a  more  active  part  than  did  this 
city,  and,  iii  connection  with  that  great  work,  the  names  of  Sam  Louis,  Tom  Ewing,  Carey,  and 
others  of  their  coadjutors,  should  never  cease  to  be  remembered  with  grateful  hearts  by  the  people 
of  this  city  and  State.  Beside  the  great  perfection  to  which  the  public  schools  of  the  place  have 
been  carried,  there  are  four  colleges,  three  female  colleges,  one  farmers'  college,  three  commercial 
seminaries,  six  theological  schools,  one  law  school,  six  medical  schools,  one  university,  and  many 
seminaries  for  both  sexes,  most  of  which  stand  at  a  high  point  of  excellence.  This  city  is  stocked 
with  libraries  of  tlite  most  extensive  and  superior  character,  many  benevolent  and  literary  societies, 
and  other  institutions. 

Building.  This  city  has,  since  its  beginning,  enjoyed  the  facilities  and  materials  at  command 
to  build  cheaply  and  well,  and  the  result  has  been  to  produce,  perhaps,  more  elegant  public,  com- 
mercial, and  private  buildings  than  can  be  found  in  any  city  of  its  size  in  the  country.  The  great 
majority  of  houses  are  constructed  of  brick,  although  a  very  large  number  are  of  stone.  Many  of 
the  most  elegant  residences  are  to  be  found  on  the  tops  of  the  hills,  which,  in  a  few  more  years, 
will  be  entirely  given  up  to  them. 

One  thing  is  needful  that  this  city  obtain,  and  that  is  hard  coals;  or  invent  a  method  of  extract- 
ing the  smoke  and  soot  from  the  bituminous  coals  exclusively  in  use  before  sending  them  to  market. 
Her  beautiful  architecture  is  smoked  and  grimed,  while  almost  everybody  you  meet  in  the  streets 
has  a  smuttj^  face  or  nose. 

The  Future.  Among  the  sentiments  which  give  most  general  pleasure  and  satisfaction  arc  those 
which  express  encouragement  and  hope  for  the  deeds  and  events  that  arc  expected  to  occur  in  the 
coming  time.  No  matter  how  prosperous  a  person  or  city  may  have  been  in  the  past,  or  at  what 
high  estimate  they  may  bo  held  at  the  present  time,  if  their  outlook  for  the  future— the  days,  weeks, 
and  years  through  which  they  are  yet  to  struggle — is  covered  with  clouds  and  doubt,  then  all  the 
accumulated  wealth  and  distinction  of  the  past  is  but  vanity,  and  becomes  part  of  the  funereal  pile 
upon  which  their  perishing  hopes  are  consumed. 

Cincinnati  for  many  years  took  the  lead  of  all  western  cities  in  the  rapidity  with  which  her 
numbers  increased;  the  la.st  fifteen  years,  however,  has  turned  the  tide  in  this  direction,  during 
which  time  at  least  two  other  great  western  cities  have  not  only  overtaken  her  in  this  respect,  but 
have  actually  swept  on  beyond  her  at  an  amazing  pace,  and  others  are  rapidly  advancing  toward 
her  standpoint.  If  numbers  alone  were  the  standard  by  which  these  cities  were  to  be  Aveighed  with 
reference  to  their  worth,  ^nd  the  prospects  of  their  enduring  the  competition  and  wear  of  years  to 
come,  then  it  might  be  inferred  that  those  cities  which  were  dropping  behind  in  the  matter  of  main- 
taining their  place  in  the  line  of  increasing  numbers,  were  also  falling  into  decay  and  decline. 
Such,  however,  is  in  no  sense  the  case,  especially  with  respect  to  this  city.  She  was  never  in  a 
more  healthy  condition,  her  spindles,  saws,  lathes,  belts,  wheels,  and  anvils  were  never  heard  to 
sing  the  song  of  work  and  hope  more  cheerily  than  at  present.  Her  commercial  reins  were  never 
more  firmly  held,  her  buddings  more  handsome  and  substantially  built,  or  gave  such  marked  evi- 
dence of  progress,  growth  in  wealth  and  taste,  or  her  institutions  in  a  more  flourishing  condition 
than  at  this  present  time. 

The  causes  that  have  combined  to  apparently  retard  the  growth  of  the  population  of  this  city 


264  HOME     BUILDIT^G. 

have  not  been  of  a  nature  to  really  damage  her.  She  has  herself  lent  a  helping  hand  to  the  growth 
of  other  places,  but  while  thousands  of  her  young  men  have,  from  the  restless  spirit  of  enterprise  or 
speculation,  that  is  supposed  to  germinate  in  the  hearts  of  all  American  lads,  taken  "  their  portion" 
and  gone  forth  to  add  to  the  population  of  Chigago,  St.  Louis,  San  Francisco,  or  some  of  the  many 
lesser  cities  of  the  west,  or  even  been  carried  by  tlie  cross  currents  of  fortune  to  some  of  the  eastern 
cities,  still  the  arm  of  Cincinnati  has  not  been  weakened,  nor  her  star  of  hope  for  the  future 
dimmed.  She  still  stands,  compactly  built  together,  and  is  now  overflowing  to  many  beautiful 
suburbs,  wliich  are  acting  to  invigorate  the  lungs  and  strengthen  the  nerve  of  the  parent. 


ELYRIA. 

This  is  one  of  the  prominent  towns  of  Northern  Ohio,  and  is  the  capital  of  Lorain  Co.  Is  on 
the  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  Railway,  209  miles  from  Buffalo,  24  miles  west  of  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  and  028  miles  from  New  York.  This  place  was  first  settled  March  18,  1817,  by  Heman  Ely, 
Sr.,  and  has  now  a  population  of  5,000.  It  is  located  on  comparatively  high  lands  and  is  a  healthy 
locality.  There  are  a  few  good  Hotels  in  the  town,  the  Beebe  House  and  the  American  House 
standing  first,  the  former  charges  $2  per  day  and  the  latter  $1  50  per  day.  There  are  a  number  of 
manufacturing  Industries  located  here,  among  them  are  the  works  of  the  Cleveland  Screw  and  Tap 
Co.,  Topliff  &  Ely's  factory  for  Top-Buggy  Ware,  an  Iron  Furnace,  Machine  Shop,  and  other  est:ib- 
lishments.  The  great  advantage  existing  at  this  place  for  manufacturmg  purposes  is  found  in  the 
fact  that  the  Black  River  makes  two  bold  jumps  over  a  precipice  of  about  40  feet,  and  in  so  doing 
aids  materially  in  the  work  of  developing  a  splendid  water-power,  which  is  being  improved,  and 
offers  great  opportunity  for  economical  manufacuring.  The  town  is  also  located  in  the  midst  of  a 
good  agricultural  region,  dairying  being  the  leading  pursuit  of  the  farmers.  The  cost  of  living  in 
this  place  is  at  a  low  rate,  houses  renting  at  from  $150  to  $200  per  annum,  aud  the  market  well  ^^up- 
plied  with  all  the  necessaries  of  food  at  low  average  rates. 

The  Institutions  of  this  town  are  in  a  flourishing  condition.  Of  the  churches  there  is  a  Baptist, 
Methodist,  Presbyterian,  Episcopalian,  and  two  Lutheran.  The  public  schools  are  of  the  best  class 
and  have  fine  houses;  beside  there  is  an  academy  or  "select  school,"  aud  a  commercial  college. 
There  is  a  good  bank  or  two,  and  two  well-patronized  newspapers.  The  town  is  growing  and  pros- 
perous, has  many  fine  buildings,  and  looks  forward  with  well  founded  expectation  of  future  pro- 
gress and  prosperity.  Farming  lands  in  the  neighborhood  can  be  had  at  an  average  of  $100  per  acre; 
are  principally  excellent  for  dairy  purposes.  The  native  materials  for  building  purposes  are  lumber 
and  stone,  which  are  in  great  abundance. 

This  is  a  town  of  growing  importance,  and  those  looking  abroad  with  a  view  to  locating  where 
there  is  opportunity  of  advance  and  large  development,  would  do  well  to  inspect  this  place,  and 
to  all  such  we  gladly  recommend  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Tucker.  This  gentleman,  prepared  to  give  valuable 
assistance  to  all  who  wish  to  invest  in  lands,  place  insurance,  or  niidie  conveyances,  can  be  found  in 
the  Beebe  Block,  over  the  Post-Office.  He  is  fully  acquainted  with  all  important  points,  and  no 
person  could  without  detriment  to  themselves  neglect  to  call  on  him,  if  they  intended  to  invest  in  any 
of  the  lines  he  represents.  This  is  said  on  general  principles  after  many  years'  close  observation 
and  much  experience. 


flOM£     BUILDING.  265 


OBERLIN. 

We  have  introduced  this  flourishing  town  largely  on  account  of  our  desire  to  mention  Oberlin 
College.  This  is  another  of  the  fine  towns  of  Lorain  Co.,  Ohio,  and  is  only  about  seven  miles  west 
of  Elyria  on  the  Lake  Sliore  Road.  This  place  was  projected  at  the  founding  of  Oberlin  College  In 
1834,  at  which  time  the  country  was  a  vast  wooded  wilderness,  without  human  inhabitants  or 
houses.  This  place  and  its  college  have  prospered  in  an  unusual  manner,  and  there  are  now  over 
4,000  inhabitants  in  the  town  proper.  The  healthfulness  of  the  place  has  proved  all  that  was  desired. 
SuflQcient  Hotels  are  found  here  to  accommodate  the  demand  upon  them,  the  Park  House  taking 
the  lead.     Its  charges  are  $3  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  this  place  are  largely  sustained  by  the  fine  farming  and  dairymg  country 
around  it,  the  needs  of  the  college,  and  its  own  home  demands.  There  are  representatives  of  all  the 
leading  trades,  and  some  show  of  manufacturing  enterprise.  Stone,  lumber,  brick,  lime,  and  all 
other  articles  required  in  building  houses  are  selling  at  rates  shown  in  tables,  and  the  town  offers 
many  attractions  for  the  "  Home"  seeker. 

Institutions.  There  are  three  or  four  churches,  one  of  which  is  capable  of  seating  3,000  per- 
sons, is  rather  plain,  and  built  of  bricks.  There  are  good  public  schools,  with  ample  buildings,  a 
National  Bank,  and  one  newspaper— the  "Oberlin  News,"  Republican;  circulation,  2,150.  The 
most  prominent  institution  of  the  place,  and,  in  fact,  of  the  northern  part  of  Ohio,  is  the  Oberlin 
College.  All  attendants  at  this  college  are  received  on  the  manual  labor  plan,  which  has  been  found 
to  succeed  in  a  remarkable  manner,  the  average  attendance  during  some  years  being  over  900 
students  of  both  sexes.  This  college  was  founded  in  1834,  under  the  direction  of  the  Evangelical 
Congregationalists,  and  was  named  in  honor  of  John  Fredricke  Oberlin,  Pastor  of  Walback,  Switzer- 
land. 

The  main  object  presented  in  the  founding  of  this  institution  was  to  afford  a  good  and  econ- 
omical education  on  the  manual  labor  plan;  and  the  characteristic  feature  was  the  admission  of  all 
suitable  persons  without  respect  to  color.  Before  the  close  of  the  reign  of  slavery  in  the  United 
States,  this  institution  was  violently  hated  by  the  slave-holding  people  and  their  sympathizers.  It 
stood  fast,  however,  by  its  principles,  has  done  a  great  and  good  work,  has  flourished,  and  is  yet  in 
a  very  prosperous  condition. 


NORWALK. 


About  the  center  of  the  northern  half  of  Huron  Co.,  Ohio,  of  which  It  is  the  county  seat,  and 
is  about  715  miles  from  New  York  City;  is  on  the  line  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  about  56  miles 
west  of  Cleveland.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  county,  and  has  a  present  population  of 
5,500.  The  place  is  very  pleasant  and  healthy,  being  built  on  a  high  sandy  ridge,  along  the  center 
of  which  the  main  street,  a  broad,  beautiful  thoroughfare,  takes  its  course,  and  upon  which  most  of 
the  buildings  of  the  little  city  stand  nestled  behind  two  graceful  rows  of  large  maple  trees,  which 
stud  the  sidewalks.  There  are  large  machine  shops  and  other  manufacturing  establishments  located 
here,  and  the  country  around  affords  a  means  of  much  commercial  intercourse.  Building  is  at  a 
progressive  stage,  and  can  be  done  at  moderate  cost.  This  town  contains  a  number  of  cliurches, 
some  of  which  have  very  neat  buildings.  It  is  also  noted  for  being  the  seat  of  "  Norwalk  Institute," 
and  the  "Norwalk  Female  Seminary,"  both  of  which  are  well  known  and  flourishing  institutions. 


2fi6  HOME    BUILDING. 

It  also  contains  banks  which  afford  monetary  advantages,  several  benevolent  and  social  societies, 
and  three  newspapers. 


TOLEDO. 


This  city  is  the  metropolis  of  north-western  Ohio,  is  situated  on  a  level  plain  on  the  banks  of  tlie 
Maumee  River,  whicli  here  forms  a  beautiful  bay  and  affords  a  safe  harbor  for  large  steamers.  It 
is  about  four  miles  from  the  western  end  of  Lake  Erie,  on  rather  elevated  ground,  and  is  in  the 
north-eastern  corner  of  Lucas  County.  It  is  one  of  the  objective  points  of  the  Lake  Shore  and 
Michigan  Southern  Railway,  the  Toledo  and  Detroit,  Chicago  Air  Line,  Jackson  Branch,  Toledo, 
Wabash  and  Western,  and  Dayton  and  Michigan  Railways,  all  of  which,  with  others,  make  it  a  rail- 
road center  of  great  importance. 

Since  1850,  this  port  of  entry  has  increased  rapidly  in  population,  and  now  claims  to  have 
50,000  inhabitants. 

The  place  was  for  many  years  looked  upon  as  being  peculiarly  subject  to  malarious  fevers,  but, 
for  the  past  twenty  years,  it  has  gradually  overcome  the  causes  of  malaria,  and  is  now  supposed  to 
be  as  healthy  a  place  as  the  average  containing  its  number  of  inhabitants. 

There  are  a  number  of  good  Hotels  in  the  city,  among  which  are  the  Boody  House,  $3  50  per 
day,  and  the  American  House,  $2  per  day. 

Indnstries.  The  commerce  of  Toledo  has  developed  on  a  grand  scale;  the  many  busy  lines  of 
railroads  which  spread  out  over  a  large  area  of  a  rich  farming  country,  with  the  Miami  and  Erie 
Canal,  which,  with  all  its  tributaries,  terminates  here,  are  daily  bringing  to  this  port  grain,  lumber, 
flour,  cattle,  hogs,  and  many  other  articles  which  are  shipped  by  rail  and  vessel  to  points  east  and 
west  and  much  of  it  being  converted  into  other  forms  and  conditions  occupies  many  hands,  and 
adds  largely  to  the  industry  of  the  people.  The  manufacturing  interests  of  this  busy  commercial 
center  are  of  an  important  character.  Among  the  establishments  devoting  their  energies  to  mechan- 
ical industry  are  those  producing  Cars,  Machinery,  Agricultural  Implements,  Saws  and  Files,  Sash, 
Doors  and  Blinds,  Flour,  Carriage  Fixtures  and  Carriages,  Steam  Engines,  and  other  articles. 

Institutions.  The  condition  of  the  minds  of  this  people,  which  have  won  so  wide  a  commer- 
cial distinction  within  the  past  fifteen  years,  can  be,  to  some  extent  discerned,  and  the  origin  of 
their  broad,  liberal,  well-directed  plans  traced,  when  it  is  known  that  the  pride  of  Toledo  is  to 
foster  with  her  best  strength  religious  and  scholastic  institutions.  There  are  about  25  churches. 
Among  them  are:  Methodist,  4;  Baptist,  3;  Presbyterian,  3;  Congregational,  2;  Episcopalian,  2; 
Lutheran,  2;  and  the  rest  are  divided  among  Roman  Catholic  and  one  or  two  other  sects.  Some  of 
the  church  edifices  are  of  a  superior  class  of  design  and  materials.  The  public  schools  are  among 
the  finest  in  the  State,  and  the  central  or  high  school,  receives  great  admiration  and  attention  on 
the  part  of  the  people.  The  buildings  are  of  brick,  well  planned  and  substantially  built.  The 
dwellings  of  this  city  show  a  marked  disposition  to  improve,  both  in  design  and  quality.  There  are 
many  small,  neat  houses  that  are,  no  doubt  in  many  cases,  the  center  of  happy  homes.  There  are 
five  or  six  banks,  many  artesian  wells,  a  good  gas  company,  steam  fire  engines,  and  about  twelve 
newspapers  and  periodicals,  which  appear  to  be  well  supported;  some  of  which  Ijave  widespread 
reputations,  and  one,  the  "Toledo Blade,"  is  as  well  known  as  any  paper  in  the  West,  and  has  a 
weekly  circulation  of  20,000. 

The  cost  of  living,  and  "Home  Building"  in  general,  is  at  a  desirable  standard;  lumber  is  sold 
at  a  low  figure  in  this  market,  and  all  articles  required  in  house-building  can  be  had  at  reiisonable 
rates. 

Future.  The  causes  that  have  combined  to  send  Toledo  so  rapidly  up  the  scale  of  commercial 
importance  are  still  in  active  operation,  and  will,  no  doubt,  continue  to  exercise  all  the  functions  of 


ItOMl':!      BUILDING^.    ^  ^Ol' 

potent  life  for  a  long  period  of  time,  until  it  shall  have  doubled,  and  even  quadrupled  its  present 
greatness. 


ADRIAN. 


This  city  is  located  on  a  branch  of  the  Raisin  River,  near  the  center  of  Lenawee  County,  of  which 
it  is  the  capital,  in  the  south-eastern  corner  of  the  State  of  IMichigan,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Lake 
t>hore  and  Michigan  Southern  Railroad;  is  747  miles  from  New  York,  and  210  miles  from  Chicago. 
This  city  was  projected  in  1828,  has  made  very  commendable  progress,  and  now  claims  a  population 
of  12,000.  It  stands  on  well-drained  lands,  and  has  a  good  record  for  healfhfulness.  The  best 
Hotels  in  the  city  at  present  are  the  Lawrence  House  and  Central  Hotel;  charges  $2  per  day. 

Industries.  The  Raisin  River  affords  a  water  power  facility  of  an  extensive  character,  which 
has  been  developed  to  a  considerable  extent,  and  mills  of  various  kinds  are  in  active  and  apparently 
profitable  operation.  The  rich  farming  country  around  the  city  supplies  it  with  all  that  is  required 
for  the  preservation  of  the  lives  of  its  people,  at  low  prices,  comparatively,  and  great  quantities  for 
shipment  to  other  parts  of  the  country. 

Institutions.  There  are  14  church  buildings  in  the  place,  some  of  which  are  of  a  fine  character, 
and  are  divided  among  the  leading  evangelical  denominations.  The  central  public  school  building 
is  a  splendid  structure,  and  cost  $70,000.  There  are  also  four  branch  schools  which  were  erected  at 
an  aggregate  cost  of  $80,000.  The  college  located  in  the  western  part  of  the  town  is  a  fine  looking 
structure,  and  is  in  a  prosperous  condition.  Upon  what  is  known  as  Monument  Square  stands  a 
monument  erected  and  dedicated  to  the  memory  of  the  soldiers  of  Adrian  who  lost  their  lives  in  the 
battles  of  the  Rebellion.  It  is  54  feet  in  hight,  and  s'.ands  a  silent  Avitness  to  brave  deeds  by  brave 
hearts.  There  are  two  daily  and  three  weekly  newspapers  published  in  this  city,  with  an  aggregate 
circulation  of  about  4,5C0. 

Real  Estate.  Like  all  other  places  of  any  importance,  the  prices  of  lots  suitable  for  building 
purposes,  within  the  city  limits,  widely  vary  in  values,  ranging  from  $100  to  $2,000  each.  Farms 
around  the  city,  and  within  a  few  miles,  range  from  $50  to  $100  per  acre,  are  of  a  very  excellent 
character,  especially  for  dairy  purposes.  We  cheerfully  recommend  any  who  may  be  desirous  of 
making  a  close  detail  investigation  of  the  merits  of  either  lots  or  farms,  with  a  view  to  investing  or 
gaining  information  of  any  special  locality,  to  Mr.  A.  L.  Bliss  of  Adrian,  Mich.  This  gentleman 
has  given  his  attention  to  real  estate,  insurance,  and  kindred  matters  for  a  number  of  yciirs,  and  as 
he  is  also  engaged  in  perfecting  titles,  he  knows  of  any  defects  that  may  exist  in  them,  and  is  well 
informed  of  the  merits  of  anj^  particul.ar  locality.  As  we  have  before  stated,  it  is  of  very  great  im- 
portance that  any  one  looking  up  the  matter  of  a  locality  in  wliich  to  build  up  a  home,  use  all  the 
helps  that  can  be  obtained,  we  have,  where  it  has  been  possible  for  us  to  do  so,  and  seemed  to  be 
particularly  needful,  given  the  name  of  a  person  we  could  freely  recommend. 

Prospects.  There  are  a  number  of  facts  in  connection  with  Adrian  wliich  point  toward  a  pros- 
perous and  vigorous  future  growth.  The  water-power  afforded  by  the  Riisin  River  gives  an  oppor- 
tunity for  economical  manufacture,  building  materials  are  easily  and  economically  obtained,  lumber 
and  brick  being  native  to  the  place;  living  is  at  a  low  average,  board  and  lodging  from  $3  50  to  |5 
per  week  The  county  is  already  populous,  having  inhabitants  to  the  number  of  50,000,  and  is  well 
advanced  toward  the  second  stage  of  development;  the  people  arc  industrious,  and  are  encouraging 
religious  and  intellectual  culture. 


^63  HOME     feltiLDtl^a. 


ELKHART. 

Near  the  northern  boundary  and  in  the  County  of  Elkhart,  Indiana,  at  the  junction  of  the  Air- 
Line  and  Michigan  Southern  brandies  of  the  Lalie  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  Railway;  it  is  also 
at  the  confluence  of  the  St.  Joseph  and  Elkhart  Rivers;  is  859  miles  from  New  York,  and  100  miles 
from  Chicago.  This  town  has  made  most  of  its  progress  since  the  construction  of  railroads,  and 
has  a  population  of  about  4,000.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  fertile  country,  well  drained  by  the  rivers, 
and  has  a  fair  record  for  healthfulness.  The  Hotels  of  the  place  are  commensurate  to  the  demands 
upon  them,  and  the  Railroad  Hotel  and  Eating  House  has  also  a  good  reputation. 

The  Industries  of  Elkhart  are  in  a  growing  condition,  and  as  the  excellent  water-power  of  the 
rivers  shall  be  more  fully  developed,  other  manufacturing  enterprises  will  find  it  advantageous  to 
locate  Avhere  they  can  obtain  a  good  and  economical  water-power.  The  rich  farming  country  of 
this  and  adjoining  counties  contribute  the  larger  part  of  prosperous  commercial  resource  to  this 
town,  and  the  railroads  afford  opportunity  for  sending  surplus  products  to  the  markets  of  the  east. 
There  are  several  well-sustained  churches,  ample  and  well  filled  public  schools.  Banks,  societies, 
and  newspapers  apparently  do  well,  and  are  fulfilling  their  missions  in  the  world. 

The  Future  of  this  town  is  prospectively  good.  The  water-power,  that  is  already  largely  used 
for  maldng  flour,  paper,  lumber,  and  other  articles,  is  capable  of  being  improved  to  an  extent  many 
times  beyond  its  present  capacity,  while  the  commerce  of  the  country  is  at  present  only  beginning  to 
be  developed. 

There  are  a  number  of  interesting  towns  on  the  line  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  between 
this  point  and  Adrian,  which,  for  the  want  of  space,  we  have  reluctantly  omitted.  Among  them 
are  : 

Hillsdale,  the  county  seat  of  Hillsdale  Co.,  Mich.,  a  fine  town  of  about  3,000  people:  has  a  stone 
Court-House,  good  schools,  among  them  a  college  of  some  reputation,  several  churches,  and  other 
institutions.     Then  there  is 

Coldwater  in  Branch  Co.,  Mich.,  upon  the  Coldwater  River.  It  is  a  handsome  spot  and  a  fine 
town.  The  river  affords  a  water-power  privilege  of  importance,  and  manufacturing  enterprise  is 
rapidly  taking  root.  This  town  is  also  a  county  seat,  and  is  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  agricultural 
region. 

Sturgis,  Mich.,  is  another  flourishing  town  in  St.  Joseph  County;  has  a  population  of  about 
3,000,  and  is  situated  in  a  splendid  prairie  bearing  its  own  name;  is  at  the  crossing  of  the  Grand 
Rapids  and  Northern  Indiana  Railway,  and  is  rapidly  building  up. 


CHICAGO.   * 


Perhaps  no  city  in  the  world  ever  possessed  such  meteor-like  character  as  this  one.  So  recently 
as  1830,  it  was  a  mere  squatter's  headquarters,  consisting  of  a  few  huts  grouped  about  old  Fort 
Dearborn,  a  little  south  of  the  mouth  of  a  creek  called  Chicago  River,  on  the  western  shore  and 
southern  end  of  Lake  Michigan.  There  is  nothing  in  the  locality  except  tlie  grand,  beautiful  lake, 
which  would  seem  to  invite  human  enterprise,  or  inspire  the  idea  that  there  a  great  city  should  grow 
up.  The  first  map  of  the  town  was  completed  August  4,  1830,  and  bears  the  name  of  James 
Thompson,  surveyor.  At  that  time  there  was  not  over  a  hundred  inhabitants  in  the  place  outside 
of  the  Fort,  including  whites,  half-breeds  and  blacks. 

The  town  was  organized  August  10,  1833,  and  incorporated  as  a  city  March  4,  1837,  at  which 
time  its  population  was  4,170.     In  1847  ten  years  had  twice  doubled  its  population,  and  it  had 


reached  the  figure  of  16,859.  From  this  period  it  went  forth  with  even  accelerated  speed,  and  it 
now  flashes  before  us  tlie  number  of  550,000,  over  half  a  million  increase  in  about  40  years. 
Neither  mud,  storm,  disease,  or  fire  has  as  yet  proved  suflBcient  to  check  its  grand  flight.  In  the 
face  of  disaster,  apparently  more  than  enough  to  crush  the  stoutest  hearts,  it  has  quivered  but  for  a 
moment,  and  then,  bursting  through  every  obstacle,  swept  on,  towering  over  all  competition,  until 
it  now  holds  the  unquestioned  position  and  honor  of  being  the  great  metropolis  of  the  Middle  North- 
West. 

The  Healthfulncss  of  Chicago  has  never  been  more  than  medium,  although  immense  sums  of 
money  have  been  expended  for  sanitary  purposes  which  have  resulted  in  much  good,  and  the  work 
of  improvement  in  that  respect  is  still  progressing. 

Hotels  in  Chicago  are  a  decided  feature  of  the  place.  Perhaps  no  city  in  the  United  States  has 
greater  demand  made  upon  it  for  the  accommodation  of  strangers  and  citizens  than  this  one,  and 
we  think  that  none  have  made  so  spleudid  a  preparation  for  the  purpose  of  retaining  them.  The 
Sherman,  Palmer  and  Tremont  Houses  grade  their  prices  highest,  while  the  Merchants,  and  Nevada 
Hotels,  and  the  Massasoit  and  Adams  Houses  charge  but  $2  per  day. 

Industries.  We  will  not  attempt  any  detail  account  of  what  the  enterprises  of  Chicago  consist 
in.  There  is  no  article  of  manufacture  that  would  be  profitable  for  men  to  engage  in  producing  in 
this  city  that  is  not  made  here.  There  is  no  branch  of  art,  trade,  or  commerce  that  is  not  here 
undergoing  active  and  vigorous  manipulation 

The  vast  supplies  of  all  the  products  of  the  farms,  forests,  quarries,  mines,  and  rivers  of  five 
Slates  are  rolled  into  this  center,  over  the  grandest  system  of  railroads  that  converges  upon  any  city 
in  the  world.  Here  this  vast  accumulation  of  materials  are  reshipped,  manufactured  or  consumed. 
The  lakes  afford  the  means  of  cheap  and  convenient  freightage  to  the  eastern  seas,  and  all  points 
that  stand  upon  their  borders.  The  Chicago  River  has  been  scooped  out,  until  it  has  actually  be- 
come a  harbor  of  great  safety  and  capacity,  and  it  has  been  united  by  the  means  of  a  short  canal 
with  the  Illinois  River,  and  down  it  to  the  Mississippi  River  and  Gulf  of  Mexico.  By  way  of  the 
Union  and  Central  Pacific  Railroads,  Chicago  has  laid  the  course  of  her  commerce  across  the  great 
Plains  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  over  the  deep  blue  waters  of  which  her  enterprise  has  reached  out  to 
China,  and  spread  into  Europe  from  toward  the  rising  sun. 

Institutions,  Buildings.  We  are  not  surprised  that  a  people  who  have  developed  the  industry 
and  commerce  of  Chicago,  and  brought  it  through  all  the  adverse  circumstances  with  which  it  has 
had  to  contend  to  the  position  which  it  now  firmly  holds,  should  also  be  found  to  have  encouraged 
in  their  midst  churches,  schools  and  charities,  to  an  extent  second,  perhaps,  to  no  other  city  of  as 
rapid  growth  and  great  dimensions. 

Churches  and  their  missions  are  scattered  throughout  this  great  city,  and  no  locality  of  con- 
siderable extent  has  been  at  any  time  long  neglected.  There  are  now  over  one  hundred  and  ninety 
(190)  churches,  and  about  30  missions.  Most  of  the  congregations  are  large  and  flourishing,  and 
many  of  them  occupy  buildings  of  rare  architectural  beauty  and  very  grand  in  dimensions.  The 
conflagration  of  1871  swept  away  a  large  number  of  the  finest  church  buildings  in  Chicago,  but  the 
spirit,  recuperated  and  energized,  which  arose  from  beneath  the  ashes  of  her  commercial  palaces, 
and  within  three  short  years  caused  hec  desolated  streets  again  to  bristle  with  apparently  the  same 
spleudid  structures,  erected  new,  and  in  some  cases  more  elegant,  houses  of  worship  than  were  thokc 
destroyed,  although  not  always  on  the  same  site. 

The  religious  sentiment  of  the  people  is  pretty  evenly  divided  between  the  Baptists,  Methodists, 
Gongregationalists,  Presbyterians,  Episcopalians,  Evangelical  and  Lutheran,  and  Catholic.  There 
appears  to  exist  the  best  and  most  commendable  spirit  of  toleration  and  accord  between  the  Prot- 
estant churches.  Their  pastorate  is  efficient  and  eloquent,  and  much  care  is  given  to  the  musical 
portion  of  their  worship.  With  such  a  christian  as  Mr.  Moody,  who  has  thrice  built  the  house  in 
which  it  was  his  care  to  labor  in  the  great  soul-saving  business  of  his  life,  to  harmonize  christian 
labor  and  subdue  sectarian  ambitions,  by  the  close,  earnest,  truthfulness  of  his  life  practice  and 
preaching,  the  churches  of  Chicago  are  unu.sually  blessed  and  aided  in  keeping  their  attention  and 
energies  constantly  directed  toward  the  true  object  of  their  high  calling  and  great,  good  results. 


2t0  ilOME     BtJILBiXO. 

The  schools  of  Chicago  are  no  less  conspicuous  for  their  extent  and  character  than  ter  (iotn* 
mercial  and  religious  establishments.  The  demands  which  the  developing  of  such  a  city  and  its 
vast  railroad,  lake,  and  other  accessory  thoroughfares,  has  made  upon  the  minds  of  this  people,  has 
also  taught  them  the  indispensable  value  of  education,  culture  in  art,  and  scholastic  training.  The 
free  public  schools  of  this  metropolis  are  increased  in  numbers  and  efficiency  as  demand  requires, 
and  are  arranged  and  conducted  after  the  best  known  models.  The  university  of  Chicago  is  among 
the  more  prominent  institutions  of  learning  in  the  West.  The  Chicago  Theological  Seminary, 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  Presbyterian  Theological  Seminary,  and  the  Dearborn  Observatory, 
are  also  distinguishing  themselves  for  their  efficient  labor.  Beside  there  are  four  medical  and  two 
or  three  commercial  colleges,  a  Historical  Society  and  an  Academy  of  Science;  nor  does  this  exhaust 
the  list,  as  there  are  many  private  schools  and  academies  in  and  around  the  city.  Of  exclusively 
charitable  and  benevolent  institutions  there  are  about  fifteen,  all  of  which  are  actively  engaged  in 
ameliorating  the  woes  of  men,  women  and  children. 

Of  the  public  buildings,  bridges,  tunnels  under  the  rivers.  Chamber  of  Commerce  building,  and 
other  splendid  objects  which  belong  exclusively  to  the  coi-poration  or  commercial  interests  of  the 
city,  we  will  not  attempt  any  detailed  account,  as  they  are  the  common  objects  of  remark  by  all  who 
see  or  read  of  Chicago. 

The  newspapers  of  this  city  are  not  behind  the  best  in  America,  and  there  is  no  doubt  much 
praise  due  some  of  them  for  the  remarkable  spirit  of  enterprise  they  have  shown,  and  the  bold 
lead  they  have  taken  in  the  times  that  tried  to  the  utmost  the  nerve  and  endurance  of  the  people. 
Prominent  among  them  are  the  "Tribune,"  "Times,"  "Evening  Post,"  "Evening  Journal," 
"  Inler-Ocean,"  and  "  StaatsZeitung,"  all  of  which  are  dailies.  Beside,  there  arc  a  considerable 
number  of  periodicals,  de%'otcd  to  as  many  special  objects  of  general  use. 

Future.  As  we  look  back  over  the  way  by  which  we  have  come,  we  may  calmly  examine  and 
analyze  the  events  through  which  we  have,  at  the  time  they  were  upon  us,  struggled  and  groaned, 
not  knowing  what  a  week,  a  day,  or  even  an  hour  might  develop  of  joyful  success  or  crusliing  dis- 
aster; but  when  we  reverse  our  telescope  of  observation,  and  attempt  to  peer  into  the  events  of  next 
year,  month,  week,  or  even  into  the  full  mysteries  of  to-morrow,  there  suddenly  gathers  over  the 
object  glass  of  our  instrument  a  provoking  mist,  a  thickening,  impenetrable  fog,  and,  further  on, 
an  inky-black  cloud,  thwarted,  stunned,  amazed,  we  turn  to  the  present,  patiently  work  on  and 
wait.  That  we  may,  by  taking  careful  range  over  the  opportunities,  advantages,  past  history  and 
present  character  of  a  place  and  people,  make  a  reasonable  prognostication  of  what  will  in  the 
future  result  from  given  causes,  there  is,  possibly,  no  doubt.  But,  that  we  are  able  to  predict  the 
variations  of  fortune,  or  to  reason  from  what  is  to  what  may  be,  and  with  any  certainty  point  out 
where  the  cross-currents  of  adversity  or  prosperity  shall  set  in,  is  qprtainly  a  grave  mistake.  It 
would  not  require  the  vision  of  a  prophet  to  foretell  tlie  destruction  of  any  great  city  which  should 
be  compactly  built  of  combustible  materials,  be  dry  as  tinder,  and  be  set  on  fire  to  windward  at  the 
beginning  of  a  sweeping  gale  that  should  la.st  for  48  hours. 

But  where  is  he,  less  than  a  prophet,  who  should  be  able  to  predict  that  the  burning  of  Chicago 
would  be  the  potent  cause  of  her  doubling  her  population,  the  number  of  her  buildings,  and  re- 
placing all  her  splendid  architecture,  within  the  space  of  four  short  years.  Such  has  occurred, 
and  such  a  spectacle  is  the  wonder  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  in  connection  with  city  building. 
None  but  the  Chicagoan  to  the  manor  born  saw,  in  the  last  sullen  smoke  of  her  conflagration, 
already  dimly  rismg  upon  his  vision  of  the  coming  time,  all  tliose  splendid  palaces,  churches,  and 
stores  at  the  rate  of  one  a  minute,  as  he  stood  and  gazed  with  awe  upon  their  smouldering  ashes 
We  doubt  if  there  is  another  city  in  the  world  so  situated  as  to  be  able  to  accomplish  the  same 
results,  under  similar  circumstances,  although  they  might  possess  a  people  equally  energetic  and 
enterprising,  yet  there  are  none  which  stand  so  convenient  to  the  necessary  materials,  or  have  so 
vast  a  net-work  of  appliances  with  which  to  concentrate  them.  When  it  is  remembered  that  the 
great  middle-north-west  region  of  country  which  ai.  extended  system  of  railroads  and  lake-lines  of 
vessels  are  drawing  into  Chicago,  is  still  undergoing  the  process  of  development,  it  may  be  reason- 
ably guessed  that  tha  commerce  of  that  city  should  continue  to  increase  as  many  years  as  that 


HOME     BUILD  I TTG.  271 

country  shall  fail  to  be  fully  and  completely  developed,  and  that  after  the  lapse  of  those  years  it 
might  become  more  fixed  in  its  population,  and  that  its  building  operations  would  be  more  largely 
confined  to  the  replacing  of  old  and  inferior  structures  with  new  and  more  elegant  ones. 

Chicago,  like  New  York,  has  swallowed  up  one  suburb  after  another,  her  warehouses  and  store* 
pushed  back  her  dwellings,  until  the  area  of  her  business  circle  has  arrived  at  so  great  dimensions 
as  to  render  it  a  necessity  that  steam  should  be  used  to  propel  the  cars  which  convey  the  people 
from  the  main  business  center  to  their  suburban  homes.  The  many  railroads  which  run  into  the 
business  part  of  the  city  from  all  directions,  afford  unusual  opportunity  for  sueh  a  convenience, 
and  has  resulted  in  the  laying  out  of  many  beautiful  suburban  towns,  which  are  runs  of  from  ten  to 
forty  minutes  from  their  Chicago  depots. 

The  great  obstacle  in  the  way  of  rapid  transit  in  New  York  as  yet  (without  the  use  of  boats) 
does  not  exist  here.  Railroads  come  directly  into  the  business  center  from  north,  south,  and  west, 
while  in  New  York  they  are  confined  to  the  north  alone,  and  are  compelled  to  stop  four  miles  short 
of  the  point  it  is  most  needful  they  should  reach.  The  different  suburbs  of  Chicago  are  rapidly 
building  up  with  a  class  of  houses  that  Avould  require  the  entire  scope  of  our  collection  in  this  work 
to  tolerably  represent. 

As  the  city  continues  to  grow  and  the  dimensions  of  its  circumference  increases  it  will,  in  pro- 
portion, less  rapidly  absorb  its  suburbs,  but  that  now  is  the  time  for  all  "  Home"  seekers  to  secure  a 
position,  and  locate  their  homes  in  these  suburbs  there  can  be  no  doubt.  In  so  doing  they  will  have 
gained  at  least  two  desirable  objects;  one,  a  home  in  a  purer,  healthier  atmosphere,  away  from  the 
roar  and  smoke  of  business;  two,  a  locality  not  exposed  to  another  sweeping  conflagration,  if  such 
should  occur,  and  it  is  not  beyond  the  reach  of  possibility  that  it  should. 


In  order  that  the  objects  of  this  work  may  be  the  better  conserved,  we  have  taken  up  such  de- 
sirable places  as  lay  on  the  different  great  routes,  in  somewhat  the  order  in  which  they  are  the  more 
directly  reached  from  New  York  or  any  given  center,  changing  our  position  and  course  as  one 
direct  or  connected  line  after  another  is,  in  our  estimation,  sufficiently  exhausted,  in  some  cases 
passing  directly  and  abruptly  from  one  point  to  another  several  hundred  miles  distant,  but  in  no 
case  shall  we  go  beyond  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  until  we  shall  have  mentioned  all  places  it  is  our  pur- 
pose to  speak  of  in  the  work  east  of  that  point. 

We  have  given  many  places  short,  partial  notice,  rather  than  leave  tkem  out;  not  becau-se  they 
were  not  worthy  of  more  space,  but  because  our  own  space  is  not  of  sufficient  extent  to  allow  us  to 
spare  more. 


PORTAGE. 


This  picturesque  locality  is  363  miles  from  New  York  City,  and  30  miles  north-west  of  flor- 
nellsville,  on  the  Buffalo  Division  of  the  Erie  liailway.  It  is  in  the  western  part  of  Livingston  Co., 
N.  Y.,  on  the  southern  side  of  the  Genessee  River,  and  has  a  population  of  about  2,000.  One  of  its 
chief  attractions  is  that  its  position  is  in  a  beautiful  and  healthy  part  of  the  State.  Very  fair  Hotel 
accommodations  are  afforded  at  the  place,  although  we  were  impressed  with  the  idea  that  an  im- 
provement might  be  made  in  that  line,  which  would  be  found  to  be  a  profitable  investment. 

The  Portage  Falls  of  the  Genessee  River,  near  this  place,  with  the  wild  and  beautiful  scenery 
around  them,  make  it  one  of  the  most  attractive  points  on  the  Eric  Railway  for  the  lover  of  the 
beautiful  to  locate  his  home. 


273  HOME    BUILDING, 


ATTICA 

Is  pleasantly  located  on  the  Erie  Railway,  392  miles  from  New  York,  at  the  southern  terminus 
of  the  Batavia  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  near  the  northern  line  of  Wyoming  Co., 
N.  Y.,  on  Tonawanda  Creek.  It  was- incorporated  in  1837,  and  has  a  present  population  of  3  000. 
The  Western  House  is  the  principal  hotel;  charges  $2  per  day.  The  larger  part  of  the  town  stands 
in  a  beautiful  valley,  is  well  drained,  and  is  very  healthy.  The  country  which  lays  convenient  to 
this  point  is  ricli  and  productive,  and  contributes  much  to  its  commercial  industry.  There  are 
Flouring  .Mills,  Carriage,  and  other  manufacturing  interests  springing  up  in  the  place.  There  are 
several  churches,  good  schools,  banks,  newspapers,  and  other  institutions,  which  make  the  town 
attractive  as  a  place  of  residence. 

There  are  many  nice  looking  residences  in  the  place,  and  it  is  making  a  steady,  sound  growth, 
which  will  continue. 


BUFFALO. 


This  metropolis  of  western  New  York,  and  second  great  city  of  the  Lakes,  stands  at  the  foot  of 
Lake  Erie,  at  the  head  of  the  Niagara  River,  and  at  the  mouth  of  Buffalo  Creek.  It  is  the  capital  of 
Erie  Co.,  New  York,  is  423  miles  from  New  York  City,  by  way  of  the  Erie  Railway,  and  442  miles 
distant  by  way  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.  It  is  also  the  terminus  of  the  New  York  and 
Erie  Canal,  and  is  the  gate  through  which  all  lake  and  canal  freights  must  pass  on  their  way  to  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  This  city  was  laid  out  in  1801  by  the  Holland  Company;  in  1812  it  became  a  mili- 
tary post,  at  which  time  the  village  consisted  of  about  200  houses.  In  December  1813  it  was,  all 
but  two  houses,  burned  to  the  ground  by  the  British  and  their  Indian  allies.  In  1832  it  was  incor- 
porated as  a  city,  and  in  1852  the  charter  was  amended,  and  Black  Rock  was  included  in  its  limits. 
The  first  vigorous  growth  Buffalo  experienced  was  after  the  opening  of  the  Erie  canal  in  1825,  since 
which  time  it  has  made  a  steady  progress,  until  it  has  reached  the  figure  of  160,000,  and  is  the  third 
city  in  size,  and  second  in  commercial  importance,  in  the  State  of  New  York. 

This  city  stands  at  a  desirable  elevation  above  the  level  of  the  lake  and  river,  is  well  sewered 
and  drained,  and  has  always  enjoyed  a  good  reputation  for  healthfulness.  Being  near  one  of  the 
grandest  scenes  there  is  to  be  found  on  the  earth,  wheie  the  tourists  of  the  whole  world  expect  to 
touch  and  spend  some  time  and  money  inspecting  the  leap  of  the  Niagara  River;  and  also  being 
in  line  of  an  extensive  comm-Tcial  travel,  there  has  been  opened  here,  as  demand  developed  the 
neccessity  for  them,  an  adequate  number  of  very  excellent  Hotels;  among  tlu-m  the  Tiffts  House, 
charges  $4  per  day;  Mansion  House,  $3  50,  and  the  Revere  and  Western  Hotels,  $2  jjer  day. 

Industries.  A  large  proportion  of  the  commerce  of  the  great  lakes  concentrate  upon  this 
center,  where  thousands  of  ship,  schooner,  and  sloop  cargoes  of  the  products  of  Western  farms, 
mines,  factories,  and  mills  are  unloaded  upon  some  of  the  six  or  eight  miles  of  docks  and  wharfs 
which  .stud  the  river,  lake,  and  Erie  basin  fronts,  stowed  into  the  swarms  of  canal-boats,  waiting  to 
fill  and  sweep  off  along  that  great  artificial  stream  to  the  East,  or  sucked  up  into  some  one  of  those 
mammoth  elevators. 

Then,  as  a  railroad  focus,  Buffalo  has  few  supcrioi-s.  The  great  trunk  lines  from  all  the  At- 
lantic seaboard  cities,  with  those  of  tlie  West,  through  Can-.ida,  ami  down  the  Lake  Shore  to  the 
south-west,  run  in  upon  her,  take  in  supplies,  gather  up  and  thunder  away  to  the  markets  for 
which  they  are  destined,  the  different  articles  that  must  needs  make  greater  haste  than  canal  transit 
would  allow,  or  be  taken  to  points  which  canals  do  not  reach.    These  two  great  businv.ss  helps  augf- 


HOMEBUILDING.  273 

ment  the  industrial  demands  of  this  city  to  an  immense  extent,  and  have  been  the  most  potent 
cause  in  originating  a  splendid  manufacturing  interest  which  has  developed  here.  Among  the 
mechanical  operations  which  are  engaging  the  skill  and  sinew  of  thousands  of  men  and  women,  are 
those  in  connection  with  the  Railroads,  Ship  Building,  the  preparation  of  Iron,  and  its  manufacture 
into  hundreds  of  articles  needed  in  mechanical  husbandrj^,  and  household  operations;  the  manufac- 
ture of  Flour,  of  which  there  is  nearly  a  million  barrels  produced  here  annually,  the  manufacture  of 
Agricultural  Implements,  Leather,  Oils,  and  many  other  articles. 

Institutions.  Buffalo  is  not  behind  its  cotemporary  towns  and  cities  in  this  matter;  it  has  about 
seventy  churches,  many  of  which  occupy  buildings  of  superior  architectural  beauty  and  elegance  of 
construction. 

Its  benevolent  and  charitable  establishments  are  about  twelve  in  number  and  are  sustained  in 
the  best  manner.  The  public  schools  are  among  the  best  in  the  State,  a  complete  academic  course 
being  taught  in  the  highest  department.  The  number  of  splendid  libraries  is  remarkable,  and  there 
are  colleges,  Scientific  and  Literary  societies  of  a  high  character;  beside  there  are  associations  and 
colleges  devoted  to  the  special  objects  of  legal,  medical  and  commercial  education  which  have 
good  reputations  and  wide  influence. 

The  Public  buildings  and  parks  of  this  city  are  an  honor  to  its  taste  and  enterprise,  and  are  as 
extensive  as  any  city  of  its  population  can  boast  of  in  the  State. 

Future  Prospects.  The  enormous  capital  interested  in  the  many  ship  and  railroad  enterprises 
which  have  so  largely  contributed  toward  the  growth  and  wealth  of  Buffalo,  will  hold  them  in  the 
position  they  now  occupy,  and  will  cause  much  influence  to  go  out  toward  the  construction  and 
perfecting  of  other  routes  and  industries  centering  upon  this  point,  and  will  tend  greatly  to  aug- 
ment its  present  population,  industrial  and  commercial  importance 

Its  proximity  to  a  grand  natural  spectacle,  the  magnitude  of  which  makes  it  the  common  eye 
property  and  wonder  of  the  whole  world,  and  advertises  "  Buffalo  "  wherever  it  is  discussed  or 
spoken  of,  together  with  the  position  it  has  already  attained,  and  other  important  reasons,  all  seem 
to  indicate  the  idea  that  the  size  and  prosperity  of  the  place  would  not,  in  less  time  than  half  a  cen- 
tury, reach  its  zenith. 


SUSPENSION  BRIDGE, 

This  is  a  flourishing  village  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Niagara  River,  one-and-a-half  miles  below 
the  Falls,  on  the  western  boundary  of  Niagara  Co.,  New  York  It  is  444^  miles  from  New  York 
City,  and  25  from  Buffalo.  It  derives  its  name  from  the  great  Inlernational  Railroad  Suspension 
Bridge  which  here  spans  the  Niagara  River.  It  was  projected  about  twenty-five  years  ago  and 
has  a  population  of  3,500.  At  this  point  the  Erie  Railway,  New  York  Central  Railway,  and  other 
roads,  meet  on  a  common  thoroughfare,  and  cross  into  the  British  Possessions  over  the  suspen- 
sion bridge,  230  feet  above  the  rushing,  whirling  waters  of  the  Niagara,  and  meet  the  Great  Western 
Railroad  of  Canada.  This  town  is  on  a  high  well-drained  site,  within  a  short  walk  of  some  of  the 
grandest  scenery  in  the  world,  and  its  people  enjoy  excellent  Jiecdth.  The  Hotels  here  and  at 
Niagara,  have  been  unusually  stimulated,  especially  at  the  latter  place,  on  account  of  the  great  number 
of  tourists  which  visit  the  Falls  and  scenery  in  the  neighborhood.  At  this  place  the  Monteagle 
House,  charges  $3  per  day;  the  "Western  Hotel,  $2  50  per  day  and  the  Exchange  Hotel,  $2  per  day. 
While  at  Niagara  Falls,  only  \\  miles  away,  the  hotels  charge  from  $3  to  $4  50  per  day.  The  prin- 
cipal Industries  of  the  people  of  this  place  is  in  connection  with  the  great  railroads  and  shipping 
interests.  There  is  a  considerable  local  commerce,  and  some  manufacturing  interest  springing  up. 
There  is  a  need  felt  here  for  a  better  class,  and  a  greater  number  of  dwelling-houses  to  rent,  such  as 
tliere  arc  can  be  had  at  from  $8  to  $15  per  montli, 


274  .      Home   building. 

There  are  six  churches,  five  public  schools,  a  seminary,  and  Deveaux  Collegv^,  among  the  institu- 
tions of  the  place.  The  college  is  under  Episcopal  management,  was  a  bequest  of  the  Hon.  Samuel 
Deveaux,  and  all  pupils  admitted  are  under  the  legal  control  of  the  tnistees  until  they  attain  their 
maj  )rity.     The  entire  expense  of  their  living  and  education  being  furnished  by  the  college. 

The  "Suspension  Bridge  Journal,"  John  Ransom,  editor  and  publisher,  has  a  circulation  of 
about  1,200;  is  conducted  on  the  co-operative  principle,  and  is  much  respected  in  the  town  and 
country  around.  It  is  an  excellent  medium  in  which  to  advertise  in  the  locality,  as  it  is  the  only 
paper  published  in  the  place. 

Ston:3,  brick  and  lumber  are  abundant  in  the  place,  and  the  cost  of  building  as  low,  or  lower, 
than  at  Buffalo;  the  cost  of  living  is  also  lower  than  the  average  of  eastern  New  York  towns,  and 
many  other  considerations  make  the  place  attractive  for  the  purpose  of  "Home  Building." 


HAMILTON. 

This  flourishing  city  is  the  capital  of  the  united  counties  of  Wentworth  and  Holton,  Canada 
West,  and  is  on  the  liae  of  the  Great  Western  Railway,  of  which  company  it  is  the  seat.  It  is  also  at 
the  head  of  Burlington  Bay,  which  is  the  head  of  navigation  on  Lake  Ontario.  This  city  was 
projected  and  laid  out  in  1813;  has  made  a  steady  progress,  and  has  now  a  population  of  35,000.  It 
is  built  upon  a  high  plateau  which  gently  rises  until  it  reaches  the  base  of  a  high  mountainous  range 
of  hills,  making  a  site  for  a  city  of  a  superior  nature,  affording  the  best  drainage,  and  assuring  to  its 
inhabitants  health  and  comfort.  The  iSt.  Nicholas  Hotel  is  a  good,  well-kept  house,  and  makes  the 
reasonable  charge  of  $2  per  day. 

Industries.  This  beautiful  Canadian  city  is  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Lake  Ontario;  is  sur- 
rounded by  one  of  the  most  populous  and  fertile  regions  of  the  province;  and  has  for  its  commercial 
facilities  the  Burlington  Bay  Canal,  the  Lake,  and  the  Great  Western  Railway.  It  is  also  enjoying 
a  steady  and  prosperous  growth  in  manufacturing  interests,  among  which  those  manipulating  and 
manufacturing  Iron,  bear  a  prominent  part. 

It  is  connected  with  Toronto  and  Canada  East  by  a  branch  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  There 
are  good  schools,  and  about  twenty  churches  in  the  place.  Banks,  newspapers  and  insurance  offices 
are  in  suitable  numbers,  and  doing  a  prosperous  business.  Building,  and  living  in  general,  is  at  a 
low  average  of  cost.  Many  of  the  public  buildings,  churches,  stores  and  dwellings,  are  fine-looking 
structures,  and  built  of  stone,  which  is  conveniently  obtained  in  the  adjoining  hills.  This  city  has 
a  substantial,  prosperous  air,  and  will  no  doubt  continue  to  increase. 


LONDON. 

This  is  another  splendid  little  city  of  Canada  West,  and  is  the  capital  of  Middlesex  Co.  It  is  on 
the  Thames  River,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Great  Western  Railway.  Its  present  population  is  25,000; 
It  is  a  healthy  city,  and  lias  a  good  hotel  known  as  the  Tccumseh  House,  which  makes  a  charge  of 
$3  50  per  day.  It  is  81  miles  from  Hamilton,  and  120  from  Detroit,  Mich.  This  city  is  the  center 
of  the  finest  agricultural  country  in  Canada;  has  extensive  Iron  Foundcries,  Machine  Shops,  and 
other  manufacturing  enterprises  in  successful  operation.  It  contains  churches  of  all  the  leading 
Christian  denominations,  good  schools,  banks,  newspapers,  and  insuru'nce  offices.     The  cost  of  living 


HOME    BUILDING.  275 

here  is  low.     The  place  is  healthy,  and  is  growing  as  fast  as  any  place  along  the  route;  and  for  a 
northern  city  it  has  many  attractions  for  the  "Home  Builder." 


WINDSOR, 

Opposite  Detroit,  Mich.,  in  Oatario,  Canada  West,  this  flourishing  town  is  rapidly  taking  a  con- 
spicuous position.  It  is  beautifully  located  on  the  Detroit  River,  and  is  the  western  terminus  of  the 
Great  Western  Railway.  It  began  to  show  signs  of  prosperity  several  years  since,  and  has  now  a 
population  of  over  7,000.  The  locality  is  healthy,  and  the  river  bank  contiguous  to  the  town  affords 
sites  for  building  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  the  Hudson  River.  The  American  Hotel  is  the  leading 
house  in  its  line.  There  are  several  well-sustained  churches,  and  the  public  and  high  schools  are  of  an 
excellent  character,  tuition  and  books  being  free  in  all  cases.  There  are  two  newspapers  published 
in  Windsor.  The  "Essex  Record,"  Mr.  Stephen  Lusted,  being  the  editor  and  publisher,  is  the  leading 
paper  in  the  city  and  has  a  circulation  of  over  800,  There  are  many  points  of  inerest  at  this  point, 
which  will  continue  to  attract  attention  in  the  future  as  in  the  post 


DETROIT. 


This  boautiful  western  city  stands  upon  the  site  of  a  French  missionary  station,  which  was 
occupied  by  them  about  1670.  It  is  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Detroit  River,  at  the  western  terminus 
of  the  Great  Western  Railway,  and  is  the  point  from  which  the  Michigan  Central  and  several  other 
railroad  routes  start  for  the  west,  north  and  south.  On  June  11,  1805,  Detroit  was  completely 
swept  away  by  fire,  after  which  Gen.  William  Hull  produced  for  it  a  new  plan  upon  which  to  lay 
out  its  streets.  On  the  18th  of  August,  1812,  Gen.  Hull  surrendered  the  town  to  the  British,  but 
they  evacuated  it  Sept.  29  of  the  same  year.  In  1836,  Michigan  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a 
State,  and  Detroit  became  its  capital,  an  honor  which  it  retained  until  1850. 

It  is  now  the  county  seat  of  Wayne  Co.,  Mich.,  has  grown  rapidly  for  the  past  15  years,  is  the 
metropolis  of  the  State,  and  has  a  population  of  over  100,000.  The  site  of  Detroit  is  admirably 
adapted  to  the  purposes  of  building  a  great  city;  it  rises  from  the  river-bank  gently  for  a  consid- 
erable distance,  when  the  lands  assume  an  apparent  dead  level,  with  only  sufficient  incline  to  roll  off 
the  rainfall.  The  Detroit  River  is  a  grand  stream,  connecting  Lakes  St.  Clair  and  Erie;  is  from  a 
half  to  one  mile  wide,  and  affords  a  harbor  of  the  finest  character  for  the  vast  shipping  of  the  great 
Lakes.  This  point  has  been  well  known  to  the  civilization  of  America  for  over  two  centuries,  and 
during  that  eventful  period  has  sustained  a  good  reputation  for  Jtealthfulness. 

The  river  is  not  subject  to  rise  and  fall,  is  clear,  vigorous  running  water,  and  there  are  no  fever- 
breeding  qualities  in  connection  with  it.  The  city  is  supplied  with  the  water  of  the  river,  taken 
from  it  about  five  miles  above  the  city,  and  it  is  thoroughly  sewered  and  drained.  There  are  several 
fine  Hotels  in  Detroit,  the  Russel  House,  taking  the  highest  stand,  charges  $3  50  per  day;  the 
Biddle  House,  f3,  and  the  Antisdel  and  Franklin  Houses,  $2  per  day. 

Industries.  The  position  of  the  city  upon  the  great  chain  of  lakes,  with  seven  lines  of  im- 
portant railroads,  and  the  most  direct  and  shortest  line  to  the  east,  makes  a  center  for  commercial 
enterprise  of  the  first  importance,  and  has  contributed  more  largely  than  any  other  cause  to  its  rapid 
advance  for  the  past  ten  years. 

There  is  also  a  line  of  ships  which  trade  regularly  between  Detroit  and  Liverpool,  England,  by 
way  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  and  also  several  lines  of  large  steamers  are  actively  engaged  trading 


276  '  HOME     BUILDING. 

and  freighting  between  this  point  and  the  copper  and  iron  mining  regions  bordering  on  Lake 
Superior;  beside  several  other  lines  of  steam  and  sail  vessels  are  at  work  between  Detroit  and 
various  other  points  located  on  the  lakes  and  the  rivers  tributary  to  them.  The  many  routes  of 
railroad  are  continually  wheeling  into  this  city  vast  amounts  of  grain,  and  all  manner  of  farm  pro- 
ducts, lumber,  ores,  coal,  and  other  articles  of  produce  and  manufacture. 

This  commercial  advantage  and  activity  has  acted  potently  toward  the  growth  of  many  manu- 
facturing establishments  in  this  city,  and  there  are  now  in  vigorous  and  successful  operation 
over  25  extensive  Iron  Manufactories,  in  all  forms,  in  which  it  can  be  profitably  worked;  also, 
manufactories  of  Copper,  Glass,  Boots  and  Shoes,  Tobacco,  Stoves,  Implements,  Palace  Cars, 
and  other  railroad  work.  All  materials  required  for  this  great  industry  are  native  to  the  State 
and  vicinity,  as  well  as  stone  and  brick  required  for  building  purposes. 

Building.  As  will  be  seen  in  our  tables  of  "Places  and  Prices,"  the  expense  of  building  in  this 
city  is  at  a  very  low  rate.  The  class  of  buildings  being  put  up  range  from  the  neat,  low-priced 
cottage  of  the  mechanic  and  artisan  to  the  more  pretentious  cottages  of  the  middle  classes,  and  the 
splendid  villa  of  the  wealthy.  The  people  of  Detroit  are  eminently  interested  in  "Horn 3 
Building;"  all  classes,  to  an  unusual  extent,  own  the  houses  they  occupy,  from  the  laborer  to  the 
capitalist. 

Institutions.  There  are  over  60  churches  in  this  city,  all  of  which  are  supported  in  a  manner 
very  encouraging  to  their  well  wishers,  and  which  are  divided  among  many  denominations  of 
Christians  and  religionists.  The  public  schools  of  the  place  are  all  free,  are  conducted  in  the  best 
manner,  and  are  27  in  number.  There  are  also  other  schools  of  good  reputation,  and  the  Detroit 
Medical  College  is  considered  one  of  the  best  schools  of  medicine  in  the  West.  There  are  also  a 
large  number  of  benevolent,  literary,  and  beneficial  institutions  in  the  place,  all  of  which  have  some 
soecial  object  toward  which  they  are  working 

Real  Estate.  Farming  lands  near  this  market  range  in  prices,  according  to  their  proximity  to 
the  city,  condition  of  improvements,  and  quality  of  soil,  from  $40  to  $300  per  acre.  The  staple 
products  being  wheat,  corn,  oats  and  potatoes.  The  markets  ar6  ready  and  convenient,  and 
prices  remunerative  to  the  farmer  who  is  industrious  and  understands  his  business.  Lots  within 
the  city  limits  vary  in  size  from  30x100  feet  to  60x200  feet,  are  well-drained  by  sewers,  and  are 
valued  at  from  $300  to  $10,000  each.  The  best  lots  now  offered  are  those  on  "Cass  Farm," 
although  we  would  advise  the  seeker  to  see  and  obtain  the  counsel  and  aid  of  Tredway  &  Goodricli. 
149  Griswold  Street,  Detroit,  before  investing;  their  business  is  that  of  real  estate,  loans,  insurance , 
appraising  and  conveyancing.  We  mention  them  because  they  have  the  largest  experience  and  tho 
best  record  in  their  line  of  any  we  know  in  the  place,  and  as  we  know  the  value  of  such  help 
and  that  it  does  not  cost  the  buyer  anything,  but  almost  invariably  saves  him  money,  time  and  annoy- 
ance, we  persist  in  making  the  matter  positive. 

There  are  excellent  opportunities  offered  by  capitalists,  which  enable  all  classes  who  are  sober 
and  industrious  to  obtain  a  home,  at  from  a  few  hundred  dollars  to  two  or  three  thousand,  by 
paying  for  it  in  monthly  installments  of  $10  and  upwards,  and  the  interest.  This  advantage  has 
been  offering  for  several  years,  and  has  resulted  in  all  classes  owning  their  houses,  as  we  noticed 

above. 

There  arc  over  28  newspapers  and  periodicals  published  in  this  city,  four  of  which  are  German, 
and  all  appear  to  be  doing  well.  Among  them  the  "  Detroit  Tribune,"  Republican,  has  the  largest 
daily  and  weekly  circulation,  while  the  "  Herald  and  Torchlight,"  Baptist,  has  the  largest  circula- 
tion of  any  religious  newspaper  in  the  State;  it  is  edited  and  published  by  L.  H.  Trowbridge. 

Future  Prospects.  After  having  examined  the  causes  which  have  combined  to  bring  Detroit 
to  its  present  standpoint,  and  seen  that  they  are  all  in  effective  operation  at  this  time,  while 
other  plans  and  enterprises  are  being  laid  and  put  under  execution,  which  will  augment  the 
commerce  and  industry  of  this  city;  and  when  we  remember  that  the  great  country  tributary  to  it  is 
yet  undergoing  the  processes  of  development,  we  will  be  loth  to  conclude  thai  any  other  than  a 
prosperous,  progressive  future  lays  before  this  people,  if  they  shall  maintain  in  their  midst  the  vir- 
tues of  honesty,  industry,  and  sobriety. 


HOME     BUILDING.'  "         277 


JACKSON 

Is  a  beautiful  city  near  the  source  of  the  Grand  River,  and  is  the  capiial  of  Jackson  Co.,  Mich. 
It  is  on  the  line  of  the  Michigan  Central,  Michigan  Air-Line,  and  two  or  three  other  of  the  principal 
railroads  of  the  State.  It  is  715  miles  from  New  York,  and  76  miles  from  Detroit.  It  was  settled 
about  50  years  since,  has  made  a  rapid  growth  the  last  few  years,  and  has  a  population  of  about 
16,000.  The  henlthfulness  of  this  location  is  considered  very  good,  and  great  care  has  been  taken 
witli  reference  to  the  sanitary  welfare  of  the  people,  in  order  that  contagious  diseases  miglit  be  kept 
at  bay,  as  well  as  malarious  fevers.  There  are  no  less  than  eight  or  nine  fair  Hotels  in  the  city, 
which  speaks  well  for  the  travel  it  receives.  The  Hibbard  House  charges  $2  per  day,  and  the 
American  House  $1  per  day. 

Industries.  Jackson  is  a  railroad  center  of  much  importance,  and  lays  upon  the  edge  of  the 
great  coal-measures  of  the  State,  the  mining  operations  of  which  can  be  seen  from  the  railroad. 
The  river  affords  a  fine  water-power  which  is  being  improved,  and  is  already  employed  in  tlie  manu- 
facture of  various  kinds  of  articles,  among  whicli  flour  and  lumber  are  conspicuous. 

Institutions.  There  are  eiglit  or  ten  churclies,  a  young  ladies'  seminary,  excellent  public  free 
schools,  two  well-supported  newspapers,  and  other  institutions  of  benevolent,  charitable,  literary, 
and  industrial  character  The  State  Penitentiary  is  located  here,  and  the  convicts  are  employed  in 
useful  manufacture.  There  are  water  works  in  connection  with  the  city,  although  artesian  wells 
are  easily  bored. 

This  city  is  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  agricultural  region,  whicii  supplies  it  with  all  needed  articles 
for  the  subsistence  of  its  people,  and  large  quantities  for  shipment  abroad. 


KALAMAZOO. 


The  capital  of  Kalamazoo  Co.,  Mich.,  is  another  flourishing  young  city  of  this  rich  south-cen- 
tral portion  of  the  State;  is  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  143 
miles  from  Detroit.  This  city  was  first  settled  in  J832,  has  made  its  principal  growth  during  the 
last  12  years,  and  has  a  population  at  present  numbering  12,000,  who  are  very  largely  the  representa- 
tives of  New  England  and  New  York.  The  river  passes  directly  through  the  city,  affording  good 
opportunity  for  drainage,  which  has  been  improved  sufficiently  to  assure  healthfulness,  and  the 
people  consider  the  place  very  free  from  local  disease.  There  are  five  Hotels  in  the  city,  the  best 
being  the  Kalamazoo,  Burdick,  and  International  Hotels. 

Industries.  Beside  the  Michigan  Central,  there  are  four  other  routes  running  northerly  and 
southerly  from  this  point  all  making  very  important  connections  with  still  other  routes,  and  all  com- 
bining to  make  tliis  a  railroad  center  of  a  valuable  character,  contributing  largely  to  its  industries. 
In  the  mechanical  line  there  are  two  large  Machine  Shops,  Manufactories  of  Farming  Implements 
and  Springs.  There  are  mills  and  factories  also  engaged  in  other  lines,  several  of  which  use  the 
water-power  afforded  by  the  river  and  other  streams.  Stone,  lime,  and  hard-wood  lumber  are  ob- 
tained in  the  vicinity  in  great  abundance,  and  pine  lumber  is  brought  from  the  northern  part  of  the 
State.  This  city  is  also  in  the  center  of  a  grand  farming  region,  which  principally  produces  a 
superior  white  wheat,  corn,  oats,  and  potatoes,  and  all  desirable  cereals.  Building  and  living  are 
both  at  a  low  average,  as  can  be  seen  by  the  tables. 

Any  wishing  further  detail  information  with  reference  to  Real  Estate  matters  should  apply  to 
3Ir.  O.  N.  Giddings,  wlio  is  well-informed  on  all  subjects  of  importance  in  connection  with  this 


278  HOMEBUILDING. 

locality,  and  is  prepared  to  give  valuable  assistance  in  locating  farming  lands  or  building  lots,  in  or 
near  Kalamazoo  City  or  County. 

Institutions.  This  little  city  stands  among  the  first  in  the  State  for  spiritual  and  intellectual 
culture  and  prosperity.  There  are  13  churches,  all  in  good  condition.  The  best  of  free  schools, 
high-graded  schools,  a  seminary  on  the  Holyoke  principle,  good  private  schools,  and  a  collegiate  in- 
stitute— Baptist.  The  State  Asylum  for  the  Insane  is  at  this  place,  and  other  organizations  of  a 
benevolent  character.  There  are  two  good  weekly  newspapers,  and  one  daily  published  here,  and 
all  are  apparently  doing  well. 

Kalamazoo  is  a  beautiful  little  city,  many  of  its  streets  are  shaded  and  diversified  by  the  native 
burr  oaks,  which  have  been  carefully  preserved  in  proper  positions.  It  is  now  in  a  vigorous, 
healthy  condition,  and  will,  no  doubt,  continue  to  grow  and  prosper. 


LAWREXCEBURGH. 

On  the  Ohio  River,  23  miles  below  Cincinnati,  and  about  756  miles  from  New  York,  is  located 
the  town  named  above.  It  is  the  seat  of  Justice  of  Dearborn  County,  in  the  extreme  south-east 
corner  of  the  State  of  Indiana;  is  on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railroad,  at  the  point  from  which 
diverges  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  and  Lafayette  Railroad.  It  is  also  at  the  southern  terminus 
of  the  Whitewater  Canal,  a  short  distance  below  the  confluence  of  the  Great  Miami,  with  the  Ohio 
River. 

This  city  was  incorporated  in  1846,  and  has  at  present  a  population  of  5,000,  many  of  whom 
are  Germans  and  their  offspring.  A  portion  of  this  town  stands  on  rather  low  bottom  lands,  while 
the  most  recently-built  portion  is  located  on  the  second  plateau,  and  it  is  not  greatly  noted  for 
healthf ulness,  the  principal  health-disturbing  elements  being  malaria.  The  Whitewater  Canal  affords 
an  extensive  water-power  privilege,  as  well  as  being  the  principal  commercial  thoroughfare  for  one 
of  the  richest  and  most  fertile  valleys  in  the  Western  States.  There  are  several  Hotels  in  this  town; 
the  Hitzfield  and  Anderson  Hotel  charging  $1  50  per  day,  and  the  Tanner  House  $1  per  day.  Aside 
from  the  commercial  industries  of  this  city,  in  connection  with  the  produce  and  shipping  business 
created  by  the  demands  of  the  agricultural  interests  of  this  section  of  the  State,  there  are  extensive 
furniture  and  other  factories,  flouring  mills  and  a  foundery. 

There  are  about  ten  churches,  several  good  schools,  banks,  and  newspapers  in  the  place,  all  ap- 
pear to  be  in  fair  condition  and  some  are  prospering  finely.  The  proximity  of  this  point  to  Cincin- 
nati, and  the  advantages  it  enjoys  in  connection  with  the  Ohio  River,  the  railroads,  which  pass 
through  it,  the  Whitewater  Canal  and  the  rich  country  around,  should  cause  it  to  grow  to  much 
greater  importance. 


SEYMOUR. 

This  growing  town  is  on  the  line  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railway,  at  the  intersection  of 
the  Jeffersonville.  Madison  and  Indianapolis  Railway;  is  87  miles  west  of  Cincinnati,  50  north  of 
Louisville,  Ky.,  and  58  miles  south  of  Indianapolis,  and  in  Jackson  County,  Ind.  It  was  projected 
in  1852,  while  the  O.  and  M.  R.  W.  was  under  course  of  construction;  has  grown  in  connection 
with  the  road,  and  has  now  4,000  inhabitants.  This  place  has  proved  to  be  iRalthy  and  pleasant, 
and  has  three  or  four  hotels,  the  Thomas  House  enjoying  as  good  a  reputation  as  any  of  them. 

The  Industries  of  the  place  are  principally  in  connection  with  its  agricultural  surroundings. 


ttOME     BTTILDING.  2^9 

■which  are  very  good;  there  is,  however,  a  Spoke  and  Cradle  Factory,  a  Woolen  Factory,  and  a 
Carriage  Factory  in  the  town,  which  do  a  fair  business.  There  are  churches  of  all  leading  Chris- 
tian denominations  here,  and  public  schools  of  which  the  people  feel  proud.  There  are  two  news- 
papers, the  "Democrat"  and  "Times,"  published  in  the  town,  both  of  which  appear  to  have  a  fair 
circulation.  The  cost  of  building  and  living  are  at  a  low  average,  while  the  wages  of  skilled  labor 
is  fair. 

We  recommend  any  who  desire  to  have  titles  investigated,  or  to  obtain  any  particular  informa- 
tion with  reference  to  this  town  or  county,  to  Mr.  A.  A.  Davison  of  Seymour.  The  country  is 
comparatively  new,  and  undergoing  the  process  of  development,  and,  in  connection  with  the  two 
great  railroads  which  pass  through  it,  one  east  and  west,  the  other  north  and  south,  there  is  no 
reason  why  this  town  should  not  become  a  city  of  very  considerable  importance. 


VINCENNES. 


This  old  town  is  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  at  the  point  crossed  by  the  Ohio  and 
Mississippi  Railway,  and  is  the  capital  of  Knox  Co. ,  Indiana.  It  is  about  950  miles  from  New 
York,  193  from  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  148  miles  from  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  The  Evansville  and 
Crawfordsville  Railroad  crosses  at  this  point,  also  the  Indianapolis  and  Vincennes  Railroad.  This 
is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  state  of  Indiana,  it  being  first  settled  by  the  French  immigrants  from 
Canada  in  1735,  who  for  several  generations  were  the  solitary  possessors  of  this  vast  level  country 
living  at  peace  with  the  Indians  of  the  vicinity,  fraternizing  with  them,  and  gradually  dropping 
down  toward  their  level,  until  1813,  when  it  became  the  seat  of  the  Territorial  Government  and 
began  to  look  toward  a  higher  civilization.  Railroads  first  reached  this  point  about  20  years  ago 
and  although  they  have  been  in  active  operation  ever  since,  and  the  Wabash  River  is  navigable  for 
boats  of  considerable  size  many  miles  above  this  city,  yet  it  has  made  but  tardy  progress  and  can 
only  boast  of  about  7,000  inhabitants,  after  a  struggle  of  over  140  years.  Perhaps  one  of  the  great 
causes  of  its  slow  growth  is  that  it  is  not  as  a  rule  a  healthy  country.  The  great  bottom  lands  of 
the  Wabash  are  of  the  most  vigorously  fertile  nature  that  can  be  found  in  the  country,  but  are  sub- 
ject to  being  inundated  by  the  great  freshets  which  occur  on  this  river,  and  leave  thousands  of  acres 
covered  with  mud  and  decaying  vegetation,  resulting  in  much  malarious  fever  in  many  sec- 
tions, unless  carefully  guarded  against.  Vincennes  has  suffered  from  this  cause  in  past  time  and 
although  much  improvement  has  of  latter  years  been  effected  by  means  of  more  complete  drainage 
and  other  sanitary  arrangement,  yet  the  place  grows  slowly  and  still  bears  a  "  sliaky  "  name.  There 
are  a  few  Hotels  in  the  place,  the  La  Plant  and  Junction  Houses  being  the  best;  both  charge  |3  50 
per  day. 

The  Industries  of  this  city  have  been  connected  with  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  country 
to  a  greater  extent,  and  it  has  for  a  long  time  controlled  a  considerable  commerce.  There  are  now 
two  or  three  Founderies,  Woolen  Factories,  Flouring  Mills,  Furniture,  Plow,  and  Carriage  Fac- 
tories, all  of  which  obtain  their  power  from  the  use  of  steam. 

Institutions.    There  are  about  ten  Protestant  Churclies,  a  Catholic  Cathedral,  a  bank,  an 
orphan  asylum,  fair  schools,  and  two  newspapers  in  the  place.     The  climate  of  this  section  is  mild 
and  in  many  respects  it  is  a  fine  locality. 


280  fioME    BUlLDlKCf. 


OLKEY. 

This  pleasant-looking  town  is  the  capital  of  Richland  Co.,  Illinois,  situated  on  the  line  of  thd 
Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railway,  223  miles  from  Cincinnati  and  126  miles  from  St.  Louis.  It  was 
projected  in  1846,  and  has  at  this  time  a  population  of  over  4,000.  It  is  situated  oa  a  well-elevated 
thoroughly-drained  site,  and  is  considered  very  healthy.  There  are  four  or  five  Hotels  in  the  place< 
all  of  which  charge  $2  per  day.  The  country  around  this  point  is  among  the  best  agricultural  re- 
gions in  the  State,  and  as  Olney  is  the  leading  town  of  the  county,  it  has  become  the  caterer  for  the 
wants  of  a  large  number  of  farmers,  and  is  the  market  for  them  in  return.  There  are  also  several 
manufacturing  enterprises  developing  at  this  place,  among  them  are  Planing  Mills,  Woolen  Mills, 
Machine  and  Repair  Shops,  Furniture  Manufacturing,  and  various  other  industries. 

Institutions.  The  majority  of  the  people  of  this  town  came  to  it  from  the  Eastern  States,  and 
appear  determined  to  maintain  in  their  midst  institutions  which  their  experience  taught  them  were 
good  for  the  people  oi  the  land  from  whence  they  came.  There  are  ten  churches,  the  best  of  public 
schools,  with  a  grade  of  studies  as  high  as  any  school  in  the  State,  from  which  pupils  graduate  with 
a  thorough,  practical  education.  There  are  three  newspaper  ofllces  in  the  town,  one  daily  and  three 
weeklies  being  issued. 

Real  Estate  is  low  in  Olney,  considering  the  number  of  inhabitants;  lots  can  be  purchased  for 
from  $50  to  $100  each,  on  Main  Street,  which  is  considered  the  most  desirable  in  town.  When  the 
Grayville  and  Mattoon  Railroad  is  completed  there  will  be  nearly  direct  communication  with  Olney 
and  Chicago. 

We  recommend  those  who  may  desire  to  examine  more  closely  into  the  merits  of  this  locality 
to  call  on  or  address  Mr.  Horace  Hayward  of  Olney,  III.  He  is  fully  prepared  with  all  needful  in- 
formation, and  will  readily  impart  it. 


SANDOVAL. 


This  town  is  in  Marion  Co.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railroad,  S80  miles  from  Cincin- 
nati, and  60  miles  from  St.  Louis,  at  the  point  Where  crossed  by  the  main  line  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad.  It  is  in  the  midst  of  a  great  prairie,  and  an  excellent  fruit-growing  and  farming  country. 
The  railroad  company  has  an  engine-house  and  large  repair  shops  in  this  place.  There  are  no 
newspapers  here  yet,  and  there  is  no  doubt  but  an  enterprising  person  could  establish  one  to  advan- 
tage.    The  place  is  destined  to  increase. 


CASEYVILLE. 


This  town  has  sprung  up  at  the  foot  of  the  great  coal-bearing  bluffs  nine  tniles  east  of  St.  Lou!*:, 
On  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railroad,  in  St.  Clair  Co.,  lU.  It  is  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  ereat 
American  Bottom,  a  region  of  country  which  has  from  time  to  time  been  entirely  inundattd  by  the 
unprecedented  freshets  of  the  Mi.ssi.ssippi,  since  that  King  of  Rivers  tooks  its  cour.^^o  from  the  moun- 
tains and  plains  of  the  North  to  the  mighty  Gulf  of  the  South.  There  is,  perhaps,  nowhere  on  the 
earth  found  lands  of  greater  fertUity  than  those  which  lie  in  this  bottom.     This  town  is  only  impor-' 


MOME    BUILDING.  281 

tant  from  the  fact  of  its  being  the  point  from  the  locality  of  which  St.  Louis  is  supplied  with  the 
better  part  of  its  coal.  The  veins  of  coal  are  from  six  to  eight  feet  in  thickness  and  crop  out  along 
the  bluffs  for  many  miles,  affording  excellent  opportunity  for  mining  it  at  moderate  expense. 


SAINT  LOUIS. 


This  splendid  metropolis  of  the  Central  West,  and  capital  of  St.  Louis  Co.,  Mo.,  stands  on  the 
western  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  1,098  miles  from  New  York  City,  by  way  of  the  Pan-Handle 
Route  and  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railway,  and  1,065  miles  via  Pennsylvania  Central,  Dayton, 
Ohio,  and  Indianapolis,  Indiana.  There  is  no  important  point  in  the  United  States,  east,  west, 
north  or  south,  from  which  there  is  not  tolerably  direct  communication  by  railroads,  or  rivers,  with 
St.  Louis. 

In  1762,  Pierre  Liquest  Laclede,  the  leading  spirit  of  the  "  Louisiana  Fur  Company,"  obtained, 
in  the  name  of  the  company,  a  grant  from  the  Governor-General  of  Louisiana,  at  that  time  a  prov- 
ince of  France,  to  establish  trading  posts  on  the  Mississippi.  Laclede  was  a  man  of  keen,  far- 
reaching  business  foresight,  and  after  having  carefully  examined  his  field  of  operations,  he  estab- 
lished in  February,  1704,  the  principal  post  of  his  company  On  the  present  site  of  St.  Louis.  In  his 
mind  this  position  presented,  of  all  the  hundreds  of  miles  in  which  he  might  choose,  the  greatest 
advantages  for  the  trade  he  was  conducting,  and  for  defense  against  the  many  tribes  oi  Indians 
which  then  swarmed  throughout  the  great  Mississippi  Basin.  In  the  estimation  of  this  enterprising 
trapper,  the  confluence  of  the  several  great  rivers  within  forty  miles  of  this  point  was  of  great  im- 
portance; beside,  the  location  presented  the  greatest  possible  advantages  and  conveniences  for 
building  and  farming  operations,  high  above  the  reach  of  the  great  freshets  to  which  the  river  is 
subject,  and  yet  not  precipitous  or  rugged,  but  comparatively  level.  In  1804,  Upper  Louisiana,  as 
the  territory  was  styled,  was  transferred  to  the  United  States.  The  first  brick  house  was  erected  in 
1813,  and  the  first  steamboat  made  its  bow-line  fast  in  front  of  St.  Louis  in  1817.  In  1832,  a  city 
charter  was  granted  to  this  town  under  the  name  given  it  by  Laclede,  in  honor  of  Louie  XV.  of 
France,  at  which  time  it  had  a  possible  population  of  about  5,000. 

After  the  navigation  of  the  western  rivers  by  steamboats  began  in  earnest,  it  was  discovered 
that  the  elements  which  Laclede  had  foresaw  as  calculated  to  facilitate  his  enterprise,  were  working 
together  to  build  up  at  this  point  a  great  commercial  and  agricultural  center.  In  1830,  ihe  popula- 
tion of  the  city  had  reached  the  number  of  6,694,  and  in  1840,  it  had  more  than  doubled,  being  over 
16,000.  From  this  date  St.  Louis  began  to  be  considered  one  of  the  most  important  cities  in  the 
West,  and  it  has  steadily  and  rapidly  advanced  in  the  face  of  conflagrai  ion,  war,  and  disaster  of  the 
most  discouraging  character,  until  at  this  time  it  occupies  a  position,  and  possesses  a  reputation  for 
substantial  worth,  second  to  none  of  the  great  cities  of  the  West,  and  has  run  up  its  population  to  ' 
the  high  figure  of  over  450,000,  which  is  only  exceeded  by  one — Chicago. 

The  site  of  St.  Louis  is  remarkably  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  building  a  great  city,  standing  as 
it  does  upon  a  series  of  gently  undulating  ridges,  some  of  which  run  nearly  parallel  with  the  river, 
while  others  are  sloped  ofif  at  an  angle  of  about  45  degrees  from  the  former,  all  of  which  spread  out 
on  their  tops  into  a  comparatively  level  plain  as  they  recede  from  tlie  river,  and  altogether  afford- 
ing, as  they  rise  to  a  hight  of  about  200  feet  above  the  Mississippi  River  at  high-water  mark.  The 
best  opportunity  for  a  complete  system  of  drainage  and  sewerage  of  that  upon  which  any  of  the 
great  cities  in  the  United  States  stand;  and  which  has,  no  doubt,  contributed  largely  toward  tlie  ex- 
cellent health  record  which  this  city  is  now  able  to  show. 

Hotels.  St.  Louis  is  another  of  the  points  upon  which  a  great  amount  of  travel  has  concen- 
trated, causing  the  erection  of  a  large  number  of  elegant  and  capacious  hotels.  Among  them  the 
Planters'  House  is  the  oldest  of  a  national  reputation;  it  is  an  extensive,  plain-looking  brick  struc- 


283  HOME     BUILDlNCf. 

ture,  and  has  been  entirely  eclipsed  by  the  more  elegant  and  modern  Laclede,  Lindell  and  Southern 
Hotels,  all  of  which  charge  about  $4  per  day.  Barnum's  Hotel  makes  a  charge  of  $3  per  day,  and 
is  an  excellent  house  at  which  to  stop.  "We  learn,  however,  that  the  old  veteran  whose  name  it 
bears,  and  who  presided  over  it  from  the  time  of  its  first  opening  for  about  20  years,  made  arrangements 
shortly  after  our  last  stay  at  his  house,  during  the  Autumn  of  1875,  to  close  his  connection  with  it,  the 
charge  at  the  St.  James  Hotel  is  $3  per  day.  There  are  a  number  of  other  houses  which  make  a  less 
charge,  as  follows:  Everett  House,  $2  50;  Olive  St.  Hotel,  $2,  and  Grand  Central  Hotel,  $1  per 
day. 

Industries.  We  suppose  there  is  no  region  which  excels  the  Iron  Mountain  in  the  yield  and 
quality  of  its  iron,  while  the  quantities  of  lead  and  other  minerals  obtained  convenient  to  St.  Louis 
greatly  augment  the  industries  in  connection  with  the  metals,  which,  including  iron,  is  of  the  most 
extensive,  multiform,  and  profitable  character.  The  manufacture  of  Furniture,  Carriages,  Boots 
and  Shoes,  Clothing,  and  all  other  useful  articles  are  also  extensive,  while  the  commercial  indus- 
tries of  St.  Louis,  in  connection  with  her  unequaled  river  and  vast  railroad  facilities,  is  of  the  most 
grand  proportions,  and  is  moved  on  in  a  quiet,  unboasting  manner.  The  richness  and  extent  of  the 
agricultural  country,  of  which  this  city  is  the  center  and  metropolis,  excels  that  of  any  other  in  the 
States,  while  her  railroads  in  working  order  and  those  projected  will,  when  all  completed,  surpass 
all  in  numbers  and  importance.  The  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Railroad  when  completed,  which  St. 
Louis  should  push  with  all  possible  speed  to  its  termination,  will  connect  her  directly  with  the 
Pacific  Coast,  and  the  Californian  system  of  railroads,  over  a  less  precarious  route  than  that  now 
run  by  the  Union  and  Central  Pacific  Roads,  will  be  an  achievement  worthy  of  her  money  and  skill. 

Institutions.  Of  these  we  will  not  attempt  a  description  other  than  to  say,  that  the  churches, 
cathedrals,  public  and  high  schools,  seminaries,  colleges,  and  institutes,  charities,  missions,  and 
hospitals  numbered  by  hundreds,  are  of  the  most  vigorous  character,  and  are  conducted  on  the  best 
known  principles.  Her  banks  and  newspapers  are  numerous  and  substantial,  and  her  fire  and  life 
insurance  offices  are  as  well  and  favorably  known  as  those  of  any  city  in  the  West. 

The  Buildings  of  St.  Louis  are  noted  for  their  substantial  look  and  character,  while  there  are  a 
large  number  of  elegant  and  beautiful  stores,  hotels,  churches,  banks,  and  public  buildings  that 
excel  in  their  architectural  outlines,  and  she  is  rapidly  building  others  of  yet  more  imposing 
designs. 

The  great  steel  bridge,  which  here  spans  the  Mississippi  at  two  reaches,  towering  above  the 
highest  river  steamers,  and  opening  a  gate  for  all  the  railroads  from  the  east  to  roll  into  the  depots  of 
St.  Louis,  is  the  masterpiece  of  the  world  in  its  line,  as  yet,  and  beams  a  ray  of  fame  upon  its  build- 
ing engineer,  Capt.  Eads,  which  will  shine  through  many  generations. 

The  Future  of  this  enterprising  city  is  no  less  promising  than  was  the  past,  the  advantages 
which  here  combined  to  bring  over  400,000  people  together  in  less  than  35  years,  and  to  build 
against  many  adverse  circumstances  such  a  city  as  St.  Louis,  with  her  public  works,  parks,  chari- 
ties,  churches,  hotels,  stores,  warehouses,  and  her  dwelling-houses  and  palaces,  are  still  operative, 
and  driving  with  undiminished  vigor  this  grand  human  spectacle  to  the  coming  city,  which  rises 
before  our  thought  of  the  future  with  proportions  and  splendor  that  we  will  not  here  attempt  to 
describe. 


RICHMOND. 


This  beautiful  little  Quaker  city  is  pleasantly  located  on  the  east  fork  of  Whitewater  River,  in 
the  eastern  part  of  Wayne  Co. ,  Indiana.  It  is  68  miles  from  Indianapolis,  by  the  Col.,  Chicago 
and  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  and  758  miles  from  New  York,  by  what  is  known  as  the  "  Pan-Handle 
Route."    This  section  of  the  State  is  considered  superior  to  any  other  in  fertility  and  general  de- 


sirableness.  It  was  principally  settled  by  Quakers,  of  the  Orthodox  school,  from  1806  to  1820.  The 
City  of  Richmond  has  now  over  12,000  iuhabitants,  and  is  a  very  healthy  place,  it  lays  high,  and  is 
well-drained  by  the  Whitewater  River.  The  principal  Hotels  are  the  Huntington,  Avenue,  and 
Tremont  Houses. 

Industries.  There  are  two  or  three  lines  of  railroads  which  pass  tliruugh  this  city,  the  one 
above  named,  on  a  general  course  from  east  to  west,  and  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  and  Chicago,  on 
a  course  from  south-east  to  north-west.  These  roads  have  added  greatly  to  the  commercial  import- 
ance and  manufacturing  enterprises  of  Richmond. 

The  water-power  afforded  by  the  river  is  of  a  superior  character,  and  there  is  a  large  amount  of 
manufacturing  in  successful  operation  in  consequence.  Tliere  are  Founderies  and  Machine-Shops, 
Carriage,  Furniture,  and  Agricultural  Implement  Factories,  Paper  and  Flouring  Mills,  and  other 
mills  and  factories,  altogether  employing  a  very  large  number  of  people. 

Institutious.  Christianity  is  highly  respected  by  a  large  number  of  people  of  this  beautiful 
city;  the  Quakers  have  their  Indiana  Yearly  Meeting  House  located  here,  where  they  assemble  in 
great  numbers  once  a  year.  Beside,  tliere  are  churches  of  all  other  leading  denominations.  The 
public  schools  of  the  place  are  noted  for  their  efficiency,  and  the  Earlham  College,  a  Quaker  institu- 
tion, has  a  wide  reputation  for  its  scholastic  achievements. 

Building  operations  are  carried  on  at  this  point  at  very  considerable  advantage  over  many  towns 
in  the  State,  and  the  dwellings  show  a  highly  cultivated  taste  on  the  part  of  their  builders,  as  well  as 
their  occupants.  Their  j'ards  are,  many  of  them,  beautifully  arranged  with  trees,  shrubs,  walks 
and  flowers.  For  the  general  objects  of  "  Home  Building,"  this  point  presents  as  large  a  number  of 
attractions  as  any  town  with  which  we  are  acquainted  in  Indiana. 

There  are  seven  newspapers  printed  in  this  city. 


KNIGHTSTOWN. 

This  considerable  town  is  34  miles  west  of  Richmond,  on  the  Blue  River;  is  in  Henry  Co., 
Indiana,  on  the  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  is  about  40  years  old,  is  considered  a  healthy  locality,  and 
has  at  present  about  1,800  inhabitants. 

The  Hotels  of  the  town  are  the  Shipman  House,  |1  50  per  day,  and  the  Tremont  House,  $1  per 
day. 

There  is  considerable  manufacturing  activity  in  tliis  town  which  is  facilitated  by  the  water- 
power  of  the  Blue  River.  Among  the  Industries  of  the  place  are  Macliine  Shops  and  JVlills.  There 
are  several  churches,  good  schools,  an  academy,  a  bank,  and  two  newspapers.  The  building  at  the 
Mineral  Springs,  near  this  town,  together  with  a  considerable  tract,  was  purchased  by  tlie  Stale  a 
few  years  since,  remodeled  and  devoted  to  the  purpose  of  a  Soldiers'  Home  for  the  disabled  soldiers 
of  Indiana,  and  the  indigent  widows  and  orphans  of  soldiers  from  Indiana.  The  country  is  fertile 
and  well-populated  around  this  point,  and  it  will,  no  doubt,  continue  to  grow  in  a  slow  but  healthy 
manner. 


284  HOME      BUILDIKG. 


INDIANAPOLIS. 

The  largest  city  and  the  capital  of  Indiana  is  located  very  nearly  the  geographical  center  of  the 
State,  on  tlic  west  fork  of  tlie  White  River,  and  in  Marion  Couaty.  It  is  the  principal  railroad 
center  in  the  State,  and  has  lines  of  railroad  branching  out  at  all  points  of  the  compass,  penetrating 
almost  every  county  in  the  Slate,  and  connecting  with  all  the  principal  roads  and  cities  of  the  west. 
It  is  826  miles  from  New  Yorlc  and  238  miles  from  St.  Louis.  The  State  Capital  was  located  at  this 
point  in  1820,  the  great  ferliie  plain  in  which  it  stands  was  at  that  time  covered  with  an  unbroken 
forest  for  many  miles  in  ali  directions.  The  years  that  have  elapsed  since  that  and  the  present 
time  have  seen  the  forests  gradually  fall  before  the  woodman's  ax,  ripped  into  lumber,  and  con- 
verted into  farm-houses,  barns,  bridges,  towns  and  cities,  and  sent  rolling  up  to  the  clouds  in  the 
smoke  of  the  clearings — have  seen  even  the  stumps  disappear,  the  green  pastures  and  waving  corn 
come  in  their  stead,  and  have  beheld  the  lowing  herds  feeding  without  a  thouglit  of  fear  upon  a 
thousand  fertile  farms,  which  bore  the  forests  of  the  Indian's  haunts  but  a  little  more  than  a  cen- 
tury ago. 

During  tiie  lapse  of  tliese  years  Indianapolis  has  added  street  to  street,  house  to  house,  institu- 
tion to  institution,  and  has  to  day  over  60,000  population 

The  healthfulness  of  this  city  ha.s  proved  to  be  good,  and  such  improvements  as  were  needful 
for  sanitary  purposes,  have  been  added  as  the  case  required.  The  Hotels  are  only  adequate  to  the 
demand  upon  them,  although  some  of  them  are  quite  extensive  and  elegant.  The  Bates  and  Occi- 
dental Hotels  charge  $3  50  per  day,  and  the  Mason,  Sherman,  and  Spencer  Houses  $3  per  day. 

Industries.  The  water-power  of  the  While  River  would  be  ample  for  the  driving  of  many  great 
sj'stems  of  machinery  if  the  fall  of  the  river  was  greater;  as  it  is,  there  are  a  few  flouring  mills, 
most  ot  the  power  used  in  connection  with  the  different  works  being  from  steam.  There  are  several 
Founderies,  Machine,  Engine,  Car  and  Repair  Shops,  Woolen  and  other  Mills,  Sash,  Door,  and 
Blind  Sliops,  Chair,  Furniture,- and  Agricultural  Implement  Factories,  and  a  great  many  minor  in- 
dustries in  active  and  successful  operation  in  this  city  and  suburbs. 

The  vast  systems  of  railroads  which  converge  upon  this  capital  bring  to  it  a  correspondingly 
great  industrial  activit}',  makes  it  an  inland  commercial  center  of  the  first  importance.  The 
extensive  coal-beds  of  Western  Indiana  are  about  40  miles  west  of  this  point,  which  affords  the 
opportunity  of  obtaining  coal  in  any  desired  quantity  at  low  rates. 

Institutions.  This  city  contains  over  50  churches,  many  of  which  occupy  houses  of  superior 
architectural  elegance,  and  beside  which  thrre  are  several  missions  that  do  not  own  houses  of  wor- 
ship. The  different  congregations  are  divided  among  the  Presbyterian,  Baptist,  3Ielhodist,  Episco- 
palian, Congregational ists,  and  a  few  other  sects,  and  there  is  also  a  Jewish  synagogue.  The  public 
schools  of  this  city  are  models  of  excellence,  and  are  graded  to  a  standard  of  scholarship  which 
affords  the  graduate  a  complete  education.  There  is  beside  these  the  Indiana  Female  College,  the 
Baptist  Female  College,  and  other  schools. 

The  State  Institutions  are  also  many  of  them  located  here,  among  them  the  State  Institutes  for 
the  Blind,  for  the  Insane,  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  the  Reformatory  for  Women  and  Girls. 
There  are  also  a  large  number  of  benevolent  and  beneticial  .societies,  several  flourishing  banks  and 
insurance  ofBces,  and  about  30  newspapers  and  periodicals  published  in  the  place,  some  of  which 
have  a  large  circulation. 

The  Future  of  Indianapolis  is  ver}'  intimately  connected  with  that  of  the  State,  in  fact,  there  is 
good  reason  to  believe  that  it  will  become,  within  the  next  quarter  of  a  century,  the  largest  and 
most  prominent  State  Capital  of  any  in  the  Union. 


SOME     BUILDING.  ^ 


TERRE   HAUTE. 

This  flourishing  city  is  899  miles  from  New  York,  and  TS  from  Indianapolis,  via  the  St.  Louis, 
Terre  Haute  and  ludianpolis  Railroad.  It  is  on  the  Eastern  Bank  of  the  Wabasli  River,  on  the 
western  bank  of  the  Harrison  Prairie,  and  lays  high  and  beautiful,  being  about  60  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  river.  Is  the  seat  of  Justice  of  Virgo  Co.,  Indiana,  and  is  on  the  Wabash  and  Erie 
Canal,  bj'  the  use  of  which  the  writer  first  visited  the  placo,  over  25  years  since.  This  city  has  be- 
come a  railroad  center  of  importance,  and  has  now  about  eight  different  roads  branching  off  north, 
south,  east  and  west,  and  also  has  a  population  of  over  24,000. 

The  high  position  of  this  city  has  been  of  great  use  to  it,  and  its  record  for  healthin  con.?equence 
is  very  good.  The  Hotels  are  considerable  in  number  and  fair  in  character.  The  Bunliu  House 
charges  $2  per  day,  and  the  Wabash  $1  50  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Terre  Haute  are  largely  of  a  commercial  nature;  the  prairie  lands,  upon  the 
borders  of  which  it  stands,  are  of  the  most  productive  nature,  and  large  quantities  of  Grain,  Flour, 
Pork,  Beef,  and  other  farm  products  are  shipped  by  way  of  the  canal,  river,  and  railroads  to  the 
different  markets  of  the  country.  There  are  manufacturing  interests  springing  up  here,  and,  incon- 
sequence of  its  proximity  to  the  great  coal  fields  of  the  State,  they  will,  no  doubt,  largely  increase. 

Institutions.  This  city  contains  about  fifteen  churches,  some  of  which  own  places  ot  worship 
that  are  highly  creditable  to  the  people  who  have  erected  them.  The  schools  are  graded  much  on 
the  plan  of  those  in  Indianapolis,  and  are  supplied  with  competent  teachers  of  the  best  reputations. 
The  State  Normal  School  for  the  preparation  of  teachers  is  located  here;  it  occupies  a  splendid 
building,  the  cost  of  which  was  $230,000,  and  there  are  other  schools  of  special  character.  There 
are  banks,  insurance  offices,  and  about  eight  newspapers  published  in  this  place.  Terre  Haute  is 
considered  one  of  the  handsomest  towns  in  the  State;  it  contains  many  fine  business  and  public 
buildings,  and  is  remarkable  for  its  elegant  dwellings,  rn:iny  of  which  are  surrounded  by  beauti- 
fully-adorned and  shaded  grounds.  Its  streets  are  wide,  and  many  of  them  set  ••rith  well-grown 
shade  trees.  It  has  grown  very  briskly  the  past  fifteen  years,  and  will,  no  doubt,  continue  to 
prosper. 


ErriNGHAM. 


This  town  is  the  capital  of  Etfingham  Co.,  Illinois;  it  is  on  the  line  of  the  St.  Louis,  V.,  T.  H. 
and  Indianapolis  Railroad,  at  the  point  of  crossing  by  the  Chiciigo  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Radroad:  a  short  distance  west  of  the  Little  Wabash  River,  and  9'J  miles  east  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  The 
surface  o:  this  county  is  comparatively  level,  although  it  is  sufficiently  rolling  to  drain  well,  and  is 
a  healthy  country. 

The  population  of  this  small  city  is  something  over  5,000,  and  it  contains  a  few  fair  Hotels,  the 
principal  of  which  are  the  Effingham  and  the  Fleming  Houses;  both  charge  $2  per  day.  The  coun- 
try around  this  point  is  pretty  evenly  divided  between  prairie  and  wood  laud;  is  a  good  farming 
country,  and  the  commerce  of  this  town,  therewith,  is  growing  in  importance.  There  are  also  a 
number  of  manufacturing  interests  making  their  appearance,  which  will  increase  in  theii- extent  and 
usefulness,  as  the  demand  for  their  productions  widen.  There  arc  mines  of  copper,  iron  and  lead 
in  the  county,  and  are,  in  some  instances,  being  profitably  developed.  The  slight  eminence  upon 
which  this  town  stands,  with  the  neighboring  belt  of  timber,  gives  it  an  attractive  appearance,  and, 
as  bricks  are  made  here  in  great  quantities,  many  of  the  houses  are  of  that  material.  The  county 
buildings  and  offices  add  much  to  the  importance  of  the  place,  and  bring  considerable  patronage  to 


SS6  ilOME     BUILDii^O. 

its  people.  There  are  several  churches,  well  sustained,  and  the  public  schools  are  cared  for  in  a 
manner  characteristic  of  the  majority  of  western  towns.  The  expense  of  building  and  living  in  this 
part  of  the  State  is  generally  low,  and  Effingham  is  not  an  exception.  It  is  a  railroad  center  of  im- 
portance and  has  a  fair  start  toward  future  greatness. 

There  are  two  newspapers  published  here,  one  Republican  and  one  Democrat. 


HIGHLAND. 


This  town  is  located  on  the  western  incline  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  near  the  eastern  side  of 
Madison  County,  and  31  miles  east  of  8t.  Louis,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia,  Terre  Haute  and 
Indianapolis  Railroad.  This  place  has  been  settled  about  35  years,  mostly  by  Germans,  and  does  a 
flourishing  business  with  the  surrounding  country,  which  is  of  a  very  fertile  character,  being  mostly 
prairie.  The  place  has  proved  to  be  as  healthy  as  the  average  of  Illinois  towns,  and  has  a  popula- 
tion of  about  3,000.  There  are  a  few  Hotels,  the  Eagle  and  St.  Louis  Hotels  taking  the  lead; 
charges  $2  per  day.  There  are  a  few  churches  and  good  schools  in  the  place,  and,  altogether,  the 
tovra  has  many  favorable  points.  There  is  one  newspaper  published  in  the  place,  the  "  Highland 
Union,"  Republican,  circulation  about  900. 


NEW  DURHAl^ 


This  is  the  first  station  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  after  leaving  the  depot  at  Jer- 
sey City,  from  which  it  is  distant  six  miles.  It  is  the  beginning  of  a  beautiful  line  of  suburban 
towns  along  this  road,  which  stand  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Palisades,  at  an  average  of  about  two 
miles  from  their  precipitous  fall  into  the  Hudson  River. 

These  towns  have  all  made  their  principal  growth  within  the  past  12  years,  and  some  of  them 
are  not  over  half  that  age.  They  are  all  equally  accessible  by  this  road  or  the  Hudson  River,  the 
only  diflference  being  in  their  distance,  which  absorbs  an  average  of  three  minutes'  more  time  to  the 
one  mile  of  distance  further  away,  and,  of  coarse,  the  greater  distance  requires  the  greater  expense 
of  travel.  This  entire  line  of  towns  have  been  built  up  by  New  York  business  men,  who  have 
sought  among  the  hills  and  valleys  of  Bergen  County,  New  Jersey,  pleasant,  airy  sites  in  which  to 
build  up  their  homes,  the  overflow  of  a  great,  overcrowded  metropolis.  Let  the  man  who  loves  tht 
sunlight  and  a  free,  full  whiff  of  Heaven's  pure  air,  go  stand  in  the  observatory  of  a  new  cottage 
crowning  Alt.  Rutherford,  at  Rutherford,  N.  J.,  and  look  over  the  meadows  and  waters  of  theHack- 
ensack  upon  this  stretch  of  sloping  green,  dotted  with  these  pretlj'  towns  and  their  peaceful  spires, 
which  reach  up  above  the  pines  and  elms  that  shadow  their  grounds,  and  silently  point  to  "  He  that 
giveth  and  upbraideth  not."  And  as  he  looks  and  behold  them  one  after  another,  let  him  remember 
that  these  are  the  quiet  homes  of  New  York  merchants,  bankers,  tradesmen,  clerks,  lawyers,  and 
artists.  Then  let  him  return  and  go  stand  upon  some  promontory  of  New  Durham,  look  toward  the 
west,  and  count  up  the  similar  towns  which  stand  along  that  high,  answering  ridge,  from  Newark 
to  Hackensack,  then  let  him  remember  again  that  these  are  all  reaUi/  New  Yorkers;  that  the  time, 
trouble,  and  expense  of  their  reaching  their  homes  in  these  pleasant  suburbs  is  less  than  it  would 
be  were  they  located  instead  on  Porty-fifth-street,  New  York,  and  then  let  him  answer  the  query 
which  will  arise  in  his  own  mind,  "  Is  not  this  good?" 

New  Durham  was  formerly  known  as  English  Neighborhood.  It  contains  many  pretty 
houses,  and  will  in  time  be  linked  to  the  city  chain  which  is  fast  filling  up  along  the  Heights 
from  Jersey  City  toward  this  point.  This  town  is  followed  by  Grauton,  Bidgefleld,  and  Leonia,  all 
similarly  situated. 


HOME    BUILDING.  287 


EXGLEWOOD. 

This  is  much  the  more  improved  point  along  the  Northern  New  Jersey  Railroad;  is  14  miles 
from  New  York,  in  Bergen  Co.,  New  Jersey.  The  more  elegant  part  of  the  town  lies  on  the  slope 
of  the  Palisade  ridge,  although  a  considerable  portion  of  it  is  built  in  the  English  Creek  Valley,  and 
on  the  western  side  of  it.  This  town  was  projected  about  1860,  is  exclusively  devoted  to  residences 
of  business  men  of  New  York  City.  The  site  is  well  drained,  and  there  appears  to  be  a  great  unan- 
imity on  the  part  of  the  people  in  the  idea  that  they  are  much  more  healthy  and  comfortable  than 
they  were  in  New  York.  To  represent  the  many  beautiful  cottages  and  villas  that  have  been  erected 
here  within  the  past  few  years  would  exhaust  the  entire  collection  in  this  work.  The  cost  of  build- 
ing and  living  in  this  place  is  slightly  above  some  other  points  in  the  county,  although  lower  than 
many.  The  local  industries  of  the  place  are  connected  with  the  building  and  general  family  fur- 
nishing business.  There  is  a  small  manufacturing  interest  struggling  for  a  foothold,  but  it  is  the 
desire  of  a  large  majority  of  the  people  of  the  place  that  factories  should  be  kept  at  bay  so  far  as 
possible. 

Palisade  Avenue  is  the  principal  avenue  of  the  town,  running  nearly  east  and  west,  and  termi- 
nating at  the  Hudson  River,  where  there  is  a  very  popular  summering  hotel  located.  There  are 
several  well-sustained  churches  in  this  place,  and  a  list  of  schools,  both  public  and  private.  A 
mile  further  north  Is  the  depot  of 

Highland.  The  nature  of  this  location  is  very  similar  to  that  of  the  former;  in  fact  Grand 
Avenue  luns  north  and  south  through  several  of  these  Palisade  towns — in  this  one  it  takes  the  name 
of  Engle  Street.  The  dwellings  of  this  point  are  more  recently  built  than  those  of  the  latter,  but 
are  of  the  same  general  class. 

Tenafly  is  still  another  mile  further  north,  16  miles  from  New  York,  and  is  more  nearly  co- 
temporary  with  Euglewood,  in  fact  was  known  a  few  years  since  as  North  Engle  wood.  It  is  one  of 
the  prettiest  sites  along  the  road  for  suburban  homes.  The  prices  of  real  estate  at  all  those  points, 
to  this  one,  will  range  about  with  Rutherford,  N.  J.,  except  at  Englewood,  where  they  go  some- 
thing higher. 

Creskill,  a  mile  above  Tenafly,  is  principally  built  on  the  more  level  plain,  in  the  Franklin 
Creek  Valley,  the  railroad  having  veered  from  the  higher  ridge,  or  rather  it  having  contracted  to- 
ward the  river  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  This  point  has  a  much  Avider  plain,  and  a  dry,  sandy 
soil.  Madison  Avenue  of  this  town  runs  quite  nearly  east  and  west,  and  about  one  mile  and  a  half 
from  the  depot  of  Creskill  is  the  old  point  of 

Schraalenburgh,  which  is  also  reached  by  a  branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad,  which  leaves  the 
Ilackcnsack  Division  at  Ridgefield  Park.  This  old  neighborhood  has  been  building  up  briskly  the 
past  few  years,  and  possesses  many  points  of  interest.  The  position  is  nearly  midway  between 
Franklin  Creek  and  the  Hackensack  River,  is  high,  rolling  slightly,  and  is  very  fine  for  the  purposes 
of  a  suburban  town.  Lands  at  this  point  are  quite  reasonable  as  yet,  and  will,  no  doubt,  greatly 
advance  within  a  very  few  years.  There  are  churches,  good  schools,  and  a  fine  depot  at  this  place, 
and  also  an  additional  railroad  under  contemplation,  which  will  be  built  within  a  very  few  years, 
and  will  give  the  place  a  great  impetus  forward. 

Closter  is  19  miles  from  New  York,  on  the  Northern  New  Jersey  Railroad;  is  also  situated  in 
the  valley,  which  is  here  a  considerable  plain.  The  town  is  building  up  with  the  same  general  closs 
of  people  as  those  of  its  neighboring  towns,  and  is  a  very  pretty  place. 

Norwood  is  principally  on  the  western  side  of  the  railroad  on  more  rolling  grounds,  which  slope 
east,  and  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  Palisade  Gap,  through  which  the  Erie  Railway  enters  Pier- 
mont. 

Tappan,  formerly  known  as  Tappantown,  is  23  miles  distant  from  New  York.  This  old  town 
is  principally  built  in  a  valley  about  half  a  mile  north-west  of  the  station,  and  is  known  in  history 


288  HOME    BUILDING. 

as  being  the  sight  of  the  grave  of  Major  Andre,  the  unfortunate  young  British  officer  who  was  tried 
and  executed  in  this  town  in  1780,  and  wiiose  remains  were  removed  to  England  in  1831,  by  order  of 
the  British  Government.  This  town  is  in  Rockland  Co.,  New  York,  the  State  line  running  between 
it  and  Norwood.  It  is  very  romanticly  situated  on  the  sunny  side  of  a  bold  promontory  which 
stands  about  half  a  mile  to  the  north,  and  on  the  north-eastern  side  of  which  is 

Sparkill.  This  village  has  been  making  considerable  progress,  as  it  is  very  convenient  to  the 
steamboat  docks  at  Piermont,  about  a  mile  distant.  It  is  looked  upon  as  a  promising  place.  The 
railroad  divides  at  this  point,  and  one  branch  turns  down  north  east  for 

Pierinout,  the  terminus  of  the  original  Erie  Railway.  It  is  25  miles  from  New  York,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  at  the  lower  end  of  what  is  known  as  Tappan  Bay,  a  widening  in  the  river  The 
great  pier  of  the  Erie  Railway,  which  extends  a  mile  into  the  river  at  this  point,  and  the  bold  moun- 
tainous hills  in  the  rear  gives  this  town  the  name  of  Pier  Mont.  Before  tho  completion  of  the 
roads,  which  gave  the  Erie  the  opportunity  of  running  its  trains  into  Jersey  City,  this  point  was  on" 
of  great  business  activity.  It  is  a  splendid  situation  for  a  New  Yorker  to  spend  the  hot  months  of 
the  Summer  with  his  family,  as  it  is  convenient  to  his  business  point,  and  is  accessible  both  by  rail 
and  steamboat.  The  upper  end  of  the  grandest  palisade  of  solid  rock  on  the  eastern  coast  of 
America  drops  out  of  sight  just  below  this  point.  Tarrytown  is  opposite,  on  the  eastern  bank  of 
the  Hudson,  and  all  across  the  rear  is  beautiful  and  picturesque  scenery.  The  situation,  especially 
on  the  hills,  is  very  healthy,  and  real  estate  is  not  held  at  an  exorbitant  rate,  but  no  doubt  will  con 
tinue  on  an  upward  tendency.  Four  miles  above  this  point,  so  famous  in  American  History,  and 
at  the  northern  terminus  of  the  Northern  New  Jersey  Railroad,  which  keeps  on  a  direct  course  from 
the  point  at  which  the  branch  turns  eastwardly  for  Piermont,  is  located 

Xyack,  Rockland  Co.,  N.  Y.  This  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  beautifully  situated  towns  in 
the  county.  There  are  several  elegant  church  buildings  in  the  town,  and  a  fine-looking  school-house 
which  is  veiy  nearly  new.  There  are  also  a  number  of  private  schools,  among  them  a  young  ladies' 
seminary.  Several  large  Hotels  in  this  village  and  its  surroundings  are  very  popular  in  the  Summer 
season,  and  a  large  number  of  the  beautiful  cottages  and  villas  are  the  Summer  houses  of  New  York 
business  people,  a  much  greater  number  of  whom  remain  in  the  place  the  year  round  than  formerly, 
since  the  completion  of  the  railroad  to  this  point.  This  is  one  of  the  most  lovely  spots  on  the  Hud- 
son, the  broad  Tappan  Sea  (or  bay),  three  miles  wide  on  the  east,  across  which  can  be  seen  one  or 
two  large  towns,  and  on  the  placid  bosom  of  which  many  sail  are  always  to  be  seen  in  the  Summer 
season,  lends  great  charm  to  the  views  from  its  many  vantage  points  at  which  they  may  be  had.  It 
is  a  very  healthy  point,  and  is  now  growing  in  importance  much  more  rapidly  than  formerly.  The 
roads  of  the  vicinity  are  noted  for  their  good  condition,  and  the  delightful  scenery  which  may  be 
examined  from  them  at  hundreds  of  points.  There  is  a  steamboat  landing  at  the  river  edge,  and 
considerable  business  in  the  town.     It  also  contains  a  bank  and  two  newspapers. 


CARLSTABT. 


This  town  is  ten  miles  from  New  York  in  Bergen  Co.,  N.  J.,  on  the  line  of  the  New  Jersey  and 
New  York  Railroad,  which  forms  a  jnnction  with  the  Erie  Railroad  about  one  mile  south  of  this 
town,  and  half  a  mile  east  of  Rutherford.  Carlstadt  was  projected  by  a  German  company  about 
1855,  is  now  the  home  of  many  Germans  who  are  engaged  in  various  pursuits  of  life,  both  in  th'^  vil- 
lage and  in  New  York  City.  The  present  number  of  inhabitants  is  about  2,000,  who  are  almost  ex- 
clusively Germans  and  their  descendants.  The  place  has  proved  to  be  tolerably  healthy.  The  site 
is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  county.  The  town  stands  on  the  crown  and  gently  sloping  top  of  one  of 
the  highest  ridges  on  the  western  side  of  the  Hackensack  Plains,  and  can  be  seen  very  conspicuously 
from  Hudson  City.  The  industries  of  this  town  are  characteristic  of  the  people  that  dwell  in  it, 
and  show  a  decided  disposition  to  increase.     There  is  a  large  "Walchcase  Factory,  which  establish- 


HOMEBUILDING.  289 

toent  also  manufactures  the  gas  used  by  the  town  and  affords  employment  to  quite  a  large  number 
of  artisans.  There  are  other  smaller  enterprises  which  are  mostly  of  a  local  nature,  and  in  connec- 
tion with  the  building  interests  there  is  the  Planing  and  Molding  Mill  of  Gustaf  Swenson,  whicli 
is  located  within  a  few  hundred  feet  of  the  depot.  This  is  one  of  the  most  useful  enterprises  in 
the  place,  especially  as  it  is  a  business  which  concerns  the  entire  building  fraternity,  both  owner 
and  contractor,  which  are  always  desirous  of  obtaining  the  indispensable  articles  that  a  mill  of 
this  character  supplies.  The  owner  of  this  mill  is  the  inventor  of  a  machine  for  setting 
bandsaws,  which  is  about  as  desirable  to  a  scroll  mill,  where  such  saws  are  used,  as  the  saw 
itself.  This  is  the  only  mill  of  the  kind  which  is  capable  of  doing  good  work  either  at  this 
place  or  at  Rutherford,  a  mile  distant,  and  is,  therefore,  with  all  its  noise  and  dust,  an  indispens- 
able enterprise.  There  is  also  in  the  building  connected  with  this  mill  a  Sash  and  Blind  Factory 
owned  and  conducted  by  Mr.  John  D.  Jersey.  The  proximity  of  his  factory  to  the  Molding 
Mill  makes  it  possible  for  him  to  manufacture  Doors,  Sash,  Blinds,  and  all  articles  connected 
with  his  business  at  prices  as  low  as  can  be  afforded  by  any  shop  of  the  character,  while  the 
presence  of  such  an  establishment  at  Carlstadt  is  a  great  convenience  to  "Home  Building"  interests. 
There  is  a  good  public  free  school  in  this  town  and  a  German  Presbyterian  Church,  but  the  procliv- 
ities of  a  great  majority  of  the  people,  and  their  friends  who  visit  their  beautifully-located  town  on 
the  Sabbath,  are  derogatory  to  religious  institutions,  without  which,  any  town  must  fall  greatly  in  the 
scale  of  civilization,  and  sooner  or  later  into  disorder  and  decay. 

There  is  a  newspaper  published  in  this  town  which  is  printed  in  the  German  language  and  is 
well  supported.  There  is  also  a  decided  disposition  shovvn  on  the  part  of  the  young  men  of  the 
place  to  remodel  its  social  character,  and,  no  doubt,  ihey  will  in  lime  succeed. 


HACKEXSACK. 


This  fine  old  town  is  the  capital  of  Bergen  Co.,  N.  J.,  is  located  on  the  Hackensack  River, 
which  is  navigable  to  this  point  for  large  schooners,  and  is  on  the  New  York  and'New  Jersey  Rai'. 
road,  12J  miles  from  Jersey  City.  This  town  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  State;  it  was  of  suflQcier.t 
importance  at  the  time  of  the  Revolution  to  have  possessed  a  hotel  at  which  General  Washiiigto  i 
refreshed  himself  and  horse.  It  lays  on  a  comparatively  level  plain  about  twenty  feet  above  th  ; 
tide-level  of  the  river,  which  rises  into  iow  ridges,  and  finally  hills  of  considerable  elevation  on  the 
west  and  north-west,  about  a  mile  from  Main  Street,  which  is  the  principal  thoroughfare.  Within 
the  past  ten  years  Hackensack  has  made  a  very  considerable  advance,  many  New  York  business 
men  have  located  their  homes  here,  and  several  hundreds  of  beautiful  cottages  and  villas  have  been 
erected  by  them,  giving  the  old  town  an  entirely  different  appearance,  and  completely  modernizing 
it.  Considerable  care  has  been  taken  with  the  drainage  of  Hacken.saek,  and  the  place  is  considered 
,  as  henlthy  as  the  average  in  the  county,  and  contains  at  present  about  4,000  inhabitants. 

There  are  three  or  four  Hotels  in  the  place,  all  of  which  appear  to  do  a  fair  business,  especially 
during  the  silting  of  the  Courts.  The  industries  of  this  town  are  largely  in  connection  with  the 
business  of  the  county,  the  building  business,  and  supplying  the  household  needs  of  private  families. 
There  are  Planing  Mills,  and  about  two  miles  south  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  e.vtensive  brick  yards, 
where  there  are  inexhaustible  beds  of  clay.  The  city  is  supplied  with  water  und(.r  a  Corporation 
Board,  and  with  gas  by  a  company  organized  for  the  purpose.  There  are  churches  of  all  leading 
Christian  denominations,  and  schools,  both  public  and  private,  of  an  excellent  character.  There  are 
several  benevolent  and  beneficial  societies  which  maintain  efficient  organizations,  two  well-conducted 
and  useful  banks,  insurance  offices,  and  four  newspaper  offices  in  the  place.  The  Hackensack 
Branch  of  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad  passes  through  this  town,  which  has  added  consider- 
ably to  its  conveniences  for  travel,  and  has  had  the  tendency  to  increase  its  popularity  as  a  place  of 


2Q0 


HOME    BUILDINO. 


residence  for  New  York  business  men.  There  are  several  popular  localities  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Hackensack  which  are  receiving  more  attention  by  the  new-comers  at  present  than  the  town  proper, 
itself,  and  will,  no  doubt,  tend  to  benefit  all  adjoining  neighborhoods. 


NEWBURGH. 

This  semi-capital  of  Orange  Co.,  New  York,  is  perhaps  as  widely  known  to  the  history,  litera- 
ture and  art  of  America  as  any  place  of  its  size  in  the  United  States.  It  is  on  the  western  bank  of 
the  Hudson  River,  60  miles  above  New  York  City,  and  03  miles  by  way  of  the  Erie  Railway.  Its 
position  on  the  Hudson  is  one  of  great  natural  beauty,  with  a  narrow  belt  of  nearly  level  bottom 
lands,  scarcely  wide  enough  for  a  few  warehouses  and  docks;  the  site  rises  on  several  more  or  less 
abrupt  or  level  surfaces  as  it  recedes  from  the  river,  until  it  attains,  in  places,  an  elevation  of  over 
300  feet  above  the  high-water  mark,  affording  an  excellent  opportunity  for  being  seen  either  from 
the  river  or  its  eastern  banks.  This  point  was  originally  settled  as  a  town  in  1798;  has  within  the 
past  30  years  received  much  attention  as  a  place  of  beauty,  combining  many  attractions  and  con- 
venient features  as  a  Summer  resort  for  the  stifled  business  men  of  New  York  City  and  their  fami- 
lies; and,  since  it  has  enjoyed  more  direct  railway  communication,  many  find  it  possible  to  reside 
there  permanently  and  do  business  in  that  city.  Tlie  present  number  of  inhabitants  is  over  18,000, 
and  increasing  more  rapidly  than  in  former  years,  in  consequence  of  manufacturing  interests  which 
are  developing  in  the  place.  There  are  s6veral  good  Hotels  in  Newburgh,  and  some  of  them  are 
popular  as  places  of  Summer  resort.  The  Baldwin  House  has  but  recently  been  completed,  and  is 
considered  one  of  the  most  pleasant  houses  at  which  to  spend  either  Summer  or  Winter  on  the 
Hudson;  and,  as  Newburgh  is  a  place  possessing  a  reputation  widespread  as  a  delightful  spot  in 
nature,  and  one  at  which  "  Home  Building"  receives  more  helps  of  a  higher  character  than  at  a 
great  majority  of  our  list  of  of  cities  and  towns,  we  print  herewith  a  view  of  the  Baldwin  House  and 
its  grounds. 


VIEW   OF  TUE  BALDWIN   HOUSE,    NEWBURGH,  N.  Y.   . 

The  position  of  this  city  is  mo?t  favorable  to  drainage,  sunlight,  and  ventilation,  and  it  is  one 
of  the  most  popular  for  healthfulness  m  the  State. 


HOME      BUILDING,  291 

Industries.  The  Quassic  Creek  which  enters  the  Hudson  below  the  city  of  Newburgh  affords 
a  fine  water-power  which  has  been  extensively  improved,  and  there  are  in  connection  with  it,  and 
being  run  by  steam-power,  a  large  number  of  manufacturing  interests,  among  which  are  Cotton, 
Woolen,  Paper  and  Paint  Mills,  also  Furniture,  Steam  Engine,  Lawn  Mower,  Boiler,  Lime,  Plaster, 
Cement,  and  Car  Manufactories,  Car  and  Repair  Shop,  a  Bleachery,  Saw  and  Planing  Mills,  and 
other  establishments.  Communication  with  New  York  Citj--,  by  water  or  rail,  makes  this  a  point 
at  which  such  enterprises  can  be  profitably  conducted. 

Institutions.  The  people  of  this  place  have  appreciated  and  encouraged  in  their  midst  religious 
and  scholastic  institutions,  and,  iii  consequence,  there  are  twenty-one  churches,  six  splendid  schools, 
and  a  large  number  of  private  ones,  several  charitable  institutions,  an  almshouse,  a  Home  for  the 
Friendless,  and  a  St.  Luke's  Home  for  Old  Ladies,  beside  other  benevolent  and  beneficial  gocieties. 

Real  Estate.  There  are  all  the  ordinary  qualities  of  lots  in  the  market  for  sale  at  prices  vary- 
ing from  $150  to  $3,000  per  city  lot.  All  streets  are  sewered  in  a  perfect  manner.  Farms  of 
all  kinds  and  sizes,  adapted  to  fruits  or  other  specialties,  can  be  had  in  the  neighborhood  of  this 
city,  and  are  desirable  because  of  the  ease  with  which  their  products  can  be  marketed.  Any  wish- 
ing to  invest  either  in  lots  or  farms  should,  if  possible,  visit  this  place  before  investing,  and,  in  order 
that  they  may  have  the  experience  of  persons  long  accustomed  to  observe  the  nature  of  the  lands, 
the  tendencies  of  improvements,  and  those  who  are  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  true  values  of 
all  the  property  in  the  city  or  vicinity,  they  should  obtain  the  council  and  aid  of  Mr.  J.  Baldwin  & 
Co.  We  are  personally  acquainted  with  Mr.  B.,  and  are  glad  to  be  able  to  refer  our  readers  to  so 
competent  and  trustworthy  a  person  at  this  place,  as  we  consider  there  is,  if  possible,  more  need  of 
such  help  at  Newburgh  than  any  place  we  have  before  introduced.  There  are  three  daily  and  two 
weekly  newspapers  published  in  this  city,  which  are  all  well  supported. 


ITHACA. 

The  capital  of  Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.,  located  at  the  head  of  Cayuga  Lake  and  divided  by  Cayuga 
Inlet.  It  is  269  miles  from  New  York  City  by  way  of  the  Cayuga  Division  of  the  Erie  Radway. 
There  are  also  three  or  four  other  branch  railroads  converging  upon  this  point,  the  principal  of 
which  leaves'the  New  York  Central  at  Syracuse.  This  beautiful  town  was  projected  abou  the  year 
1800,  but  made  no  considerable  progress  toward  becoming  a  city  until  railroad  enterprise  tapped  the 
locality,  and  brought  the  wonderful  beauties  of  its  sight  and  surroundings  before  the  observation  of 
the  public,  since  which  time  it  has  received  great  attention,  and  is  now  a  noted  city  of  over  12,000 
inhabitants.  The  Hotels  of  Ithaca  are  of  a  very  fair  class;  there  are  several  of  them,  and  they  all 
charge  $2  per  day.  Among  them  are  the  Tompkins  and  Lake  View  Houses.  This  city  stands  in 
the  midst  of  natural  beauties  and  advantages  surpassed  by  few  places  in  the  country,  and  its  health 
record  is  among  the  best. 

Industries.  The  region  of  country  tributary  to  this  center  is  noted  for  its  fertility,  and  the 
unusual  amount  of  intelligence  and  ability  developed  in  the  county,  on  the  part  of  agriculuralists. 
The  soil  and  climate  are  particularly  adapted  to  the  production  of  grain,  especially  wheat  and  corn, 
and  apples,  of  the  latter  every  fruit-grower  is  acquainted  with  the  "  King  of  Tompkins  County." 
The  commercial  enterprise  and  growth  of  this  city  are  largely  indebted  to  the  foregoing  facts  for 
their  prosperity.  There  is  also  a  large  manufacturing  interest  developed  here  which  is  yearly  re- 
ceiving accessions,  it  is  principally  in  connection  with  the  fine  water-power  afforded  by  Fall  Creek, 
which  leaps  over  several  falls  in  the  vicinity,  and  finally  mingles  with  the  waters  of  the  lake. 
Among  the  manufacturing  interests  are  Founderies  and  Machine  Sliops,  Tanneries,  Woolen  and  Oil 
Mills,  Planing  and  Molding  Mills,  several  splendid  Flouring  Mills,  and  many  other  establi-shments 
of  greater  or  less  importance.  The  railroads  centering  here  materially  aid  and  increase  their 
operutioas. 


292  HOME      BUILD  I XG. 

Institutions.  Ithaca  contains  over  a  dozen  churches  some  of  which  have  erected  very  fine 
houses  of  worship.  Its  public  schools  are  of  the  naost  excellent  character,  and  are  graded  well  up. 
There  are  also  many  fine  private  schools  and  a  good  academy. 

This  city  is  also  the  seat  of  Cornell  University,  endowed  by  the  late  Hon.  Ezra  Cornell  with  the 
handsome  fortune  of  half  a  million.  This  institution  has  only  been  open  about  six  years,  and  has 
already  won  many  laurels. 

There  are  several  banks  in  the  place,  many  other  business  institutions,  and  six  newspapers  and 
periodicals  published  in  it.  Steamboats  run  daily  from  this  point  to  the  foot  of  the  lake  in  the  Sum- 
mer season,  and  stop  at  most  of  the  important  towns  along  its  banks.  There  are  many  peculiarities 
in  connection  with  this  city  and  locality,  which  combine  to  induce  the  idea  that  Ithaca  is  destined 
to  become  one  of  the  most  important  places  in  the  State.  The  facilities  for  building  at  this  point 
are  among  the  best,  and  the  cost  of  living  at  a  low  average. 


DE    RUYTER. 

This  promising  village  is  located  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad,  in  the  western 
part  of  Madison  Co. ,  N.  T.  It  may  also  be  reached  by  the  Syracuse  and  Binghamton  Branch  of  the 
Erie  Railway,  via  Norwich,  N.  T.  This  village  was  first  settled  about  1800,  and  incorporated  in 
1833,  being  an  isolated  inland  town  until  within  the  past  few  years  railroads  have  reached  it,  and  it 
has  now  about  1,000  inhabitants.  It  is  considered  an  "  exceedingly"  healthy  place,  audits  people 
seem  to  have  a  disposition  to  take  the  world  easy.     The  Hotel  of  the  town  is  the  Faber  House. 

The  Industi'ies  of  this  place  are  mostly  in  connection  with  the  commerce  it  carries  on  with  the 
rich  Hop,  Butter,  Cheese,  and  Hay  growing  country  around  it,  although  there  is  good  water-power 
convenient,  and  some  use  is  being  made  of  it.  The  cost  of  such  houses  as  can  be  rented  for  dwell- 
ing purposes  are  from  $50  to  |100  per  year,  while  living  is  very  low,  and  mechanics'  labor  demands 
fair  wages.  There  are  five  churches  in  this  town,  which  are  divided  as  follows:  One  Regular  Bap- 
tist, one  Seventh-Day  Baptist,  one  Methodist,  one  Union,  one  Quaker  or  Friends.  There  is  an  ex- 
cellent graded  public  school,  and  good  private  schools.  The  society  of  De  Ruyter  is  highly  moral, 
cultivated,  and  intelligent. 

The  "  De  Ruyter  New  Era"  is  the  only  newspaper  published  in  the  town,  and  is  the  largest 
and  best  conducted  in  the  county;  its  editor  and  publisher,  Mr.  John  R.  Bedin,  established  this 
paper  in  the  Fall  of  1870,  which  is  Republican  in  its  politics.  This  gentleman  also  went  to  Utica  in 
1873  to  the  Republican  State  Convention,  also  in  1875,  in  both  cases  as  a  delegate  from  Madison 
County.  He  is  also  chairman  of  the  Republican  Committee  of  the  town  of  De  Ruyter,  and  one  of  the 
trustees  of  the  village;  is  six  feet  three  inches  high,  and  weighs  215  pounds;  is  one  of  the  most 
%Deighty  members  of  the  press  in  the  State  of  New  York. 


NEWARK,  NEW  JERSEY. 

This  splendid  city  is  much  the  largest  one  in  the  State;  it  is  nine  miles  from  New  York,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Passaic  River,  just  above  the  head  of  Newark  Bay,  and  is  the  capital  of  Essex 
County.  All  the  great  railroads  which  leave  New  York  for  the  North,  West  and  South,  through 
the  State  of  New  Jersey,  cither  run  directly  through  Newark  or  liave  a  branch  road  which  does  so. 
The  Morris  and  Essex  Railroad,  the  route  along  wliich  we  arc  now  proceeding  to  sketch  a  lew  de- 
niable places,  leaves  New  York  at  the  foot  of  Barclay  Street,  by  way  of  superior  ferry-boats  which 


ir  O  M  E      BUILDING.  293 

meet  the  cars  at  Hoboken,  passes  through  the  northern  portin-i  of  Newark,  holds  on  a  nearly 
western  course  to  Morristown,  wliere  it  wheels  directly  north,  and  continues  so  until  it  reaches 
Denville,  where  it  again  assumes  a  nearly  western  course  to  AVaterloo,  at  which  point  it  commences 
a  south-Avestcrly  direction  and  continues  it  with  slight  variations  until  it  reaches  Easton,  Pa.  The 
New  Jersej'  Railroad  leaves  New  York  at  the  foot  of  Cortlandt  Street,  via  splendid  ferry-boats, 
whicli  discharge  their  passengers  into  a  capacious  and  elegant  ferry  and  railroad  depot  at  the  foot 
of  Montgomery  Street,  Jersey  City,  where  they  take  the  trains  which  run  out  through  a  deep  cut, 
cross  the  Hackensack  Meadows  and  River  and  the  Passaic  River,  and  pass  through  Newark  nearly 
on  a  central  line,  stopping  at  two  or  three  depots,  and  so  continues  on  a  nearly  southern  course 
until  it  reaches  Philadelphia,  Pa.  The  Newark  branch  of  the  Erie  Railway  touches  the  northerly 
boundary  of  Newark  at  the  Passaic  River,  and  then  veers  in  a  northerly  direction  to  Paterson,  N.  J. 
The  Newark  branch  of  the  New  Jersey  Central  Railroad  runs  into  Newark  at  its  eastern  side,  and 
has  a  splendid  depot  on  Broad  Street,  near  the  center  of  the  city.  Newark  was  settled  in  1GG6  by  a 
company  from  New  Haven,  Conn.,  over  200  years  ago,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  cities  in  the  State. 

The  main  and  older  part  of  the  town  stands  on  a  gently  sloping  plain,  which  will  probably 
average  50  feet  above  the  river  level;  on  the  westerly  side  this  plain  rises  into  ridges,  which  increase 
in  bight  until  an  elevation  of  about  200  feet  above  the  Passaic  is  obtained.  This  city  did  not  make 
a  great  increase  in  population  until  the  completion  of  the  Morris  Canal  which  gave  it  a  decided 
start  ahead,  and  when  railroads  began  to  add  their  invigorating  influences  its  proportions  still  more 
I'apidly  increased,  although  the  last  twenty  years  have  seen  its  numbers  multiply  at  a  rate  only  sur- 
passed by  some  of  our  prosperous  Western  cities,  and  it  has  now  about  135,000  inhaliitants.  The 
high  plain  upon  which  Newark  stands  aflfords  an  excellent  surface  drainage,  while  the  city  was 
early  sewered  and  such  sanitary  regulations  adopted  as  seemed  to  be  required  by  the  progressive 
growth  of  the  place,  and  iu  1870  the  health  record  of  Newark  was  of  the  highest  character,  and,  in 
fact,  it  has  long  been  considered  the  most  healthy  place  in  the  United  States  but  one. 

The  Continental  Hotel  and  the  Park  House  are  among  the  best  establishments  of  their  kind  iu 
this  city,  and  charge  $3  per  day  each;  the  Newark  Hotel  is  organized  on  the  European  plan,  and 
charges  |1  per  day  for  its  rooms. 

Industries.'  It  has  been  said  that  "Newark  has  not  a  single  lazy  bone  in  its  body,"  and  any 
one  who  will  undertake  the  inspection  and  observation  of  its  700  factories,  mills,  founderies  and 
shops,  and  its  25,000  busy,  industrious  and  ingenious  men  and  women  engaged  in  them,  will,  after 
having  completed  the  round,  we  have  not  a  thought  of  doubt,  be  thoroughly  convinced  that  the 
people  of  Newark  at  least  "mean  business."  In  order  to  chronicle  all  the  products  of  this  people, 
we  should  have  to  run  the  entire  gaunt  of  mechanic  and  artisan  skill;  however,  among  them  we 
will  mention  some  of  the  more  prominent,  viz. :  the  manufacture  of  Machinery,  especially  tliat  used 
in  Wood-Working,  Hardware,  Plumbers'  Goods,  Harness,  Boots  and  Shoes,  Flour,  Varnishes, 
Trunks,  Clothing,  Thread,  and  a  great  variety  of  Jewelry,  Watches  and  Clocks,  Carriages,  Furni- 
ture, and  Household  Goods  ui  general. 

Institutions.  Newark  is  anollier  remarkable  example  of  a  fact  we  have  before  noticed,  that 
where  the  people  are  the  most  largely  and  busily  engaged  in  productive  industries  which  keep  their 
hands  and  their  minds  active  and  bright  by  the  friction  of  improvement  and  the  healthful  life  force 
of  labor,  we  may  always  expect  the  greatest  care  for  Christian  institutions  and  the  highest  and  best 
developed  school  systi;ms.  The  churches  of  Newark  are  over  a  hundred  in  number,  and  divided 
among  all  the  leading  evangelical  denominations;  beside  there  are  many  missions,  benevolent,  and 
charitable  societies,  both  of  a  private  and  public  nature.  The  banks,  insurance  offices,  and  news- 
papers of  this  city  are  also  numerous,  and  many  of  them  the  oldest  and  best  known  in  the  State. 

Tlie  Buildings  of  Newark  and  its  surroundings  are  of  a  high  order,  and  many  of  its  churches, 
public  buildings  and  residences  are  of  a  very  superior  quality,  while  the  cost  of  living  and  building 
in  tlie  place  is  very  low,  as  Avill  be  seen  in  tlie  tables.  This  beautiful  city  is  destined  to  stand  first 
iu  the  State  until  it  shall  becgme  the  center  of  the  great  metropolis  mentioned  elsewhere. 


294  HOME     BUILDING. 


ORANGE. 

This  splendid  city  of  residence  for  New  York  and  Newark  business  people  is  three  miles  from 
the  latter  place  and  thirteen  from  the  former,  by  the  Morris  and  Essex  Railroad,  and  is  in  Essex 
County,  New  Jersey.  It  is  also  connected  with  Newark  by  horse  cars,  which  run  regularly  about 
every  fifteen  minutes. 

This  town  has  been  making  constant  advance  for  about  twenty  years,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
known  and  most  popular  localities  within  the  same  distance  of  New  York,  in  the  State  of  New 
Jersey.  "  Orange"  is  also  the  name  of  the  township,  "  East  Orange"  township  is  immediately  east, 
while  "  South  Orange  "  is  adjoining  on  the  south-west,  the  Morris  and  Essex  Railroad  bisecting  all 
three  and  having  one  or  two  stations  in  each.  The  middle  town,  or  Orange  proper,  being  greatly 
the  more  important  and  advanced  place  of  the  three,  is  bordered  on  the  north-west  by  Lewellyn 
Park,  and  is  really  no  longer  a  town,  but  is  a  splendid  city  of  about  25,000  inhabitants,  with 
all  the  conveniences  of  McAdamized  streets  lighted  with  gas,  and  paved  sidewalks.  The  site 
of  this  city  is  well  drained,  is  comparatively  rolling,  well  elevated,  and  flanked  on  the  north-west 
by  the  First  Mountain.  It  has  received  most  of  its  population  from  the  business  circles  of  New 
York  City,  and  one  of  its  strong  marks  of  attraction  for  them  was  its  freedom  from  disease  and 
noted  healthfuhiess. 

This  city  was  among  the  first  in  New  Jersey  which  began  to  attract  the  attention  of  New 
Yorkers  who  wished  to  find  a  convenient,  desirable  place  which  should  combine  convenience, 
healthf ulness,  and  rural  beauty,  and,  although  a  large  number  of  the  persons  living  liere  at  present 
make  it  their  Winter  as  well  as  their  Summer  homes,  yet  there  are  many  who  spend  their  Winters 
in  New  York,  Brooklyn,  or  some  other  great  city.  There  are  a  few  good  Hotels  in  Orange,  among 
them  the  Central  Hotel,  $3  50  per  day,  and  the  City  Hotel,  $3  per  day. 

The  principal  Industries  of  Orange  are  confined  to  the  different  trades  which  combine  in  house 
building,  and  small  merchants  who  cater  for  the  wants  of  households. 

The  cost  of  building  at  this  and  the  adjoining  places  on  the  railroad  is  low,  and  the  class  of 
buildings  which  have  been  put  up  would,  perhaps,  exceed  our  entire  list. 

Orange  contains  a  large  number  of  churches,  schools,  and  kindred  institutions,  many  of  which 
are  of  a  superior  character,  and  some  of  which  lead  all  others  in  their  lines.  There  are  four  news- 
papers published  in  this  city,  all  of  which  appear  to  be  liberally  sustained. 

The  future  of  Orange  is,  in  our  estimation,  more  intimately  locked  with  Newark  than  might  at 
a  casual  glance  appear,  although  a  careful  study  of  their  plans  and  positions  will  readily  suggest 
that  they  are  destined  to  become  one  at  no  distant  future. 

Bloomfleld  is  11  miles  from  New  York  by  way  of  the  Montclair  Railroad,  it  is  about  the  same 
distance  from  Newark  as  Orange  and  is  connected  therewith  by  the  Bloomfield  Railroad.  This 
place  is  occupied  largely  by  New  Yorkers,  and  is  a  beautiful  locality.  It  has  about  6,000  inhabi- 
tants, and  is  growing  in  importance.     Two  miles  further  on  is 

Montclair,  a  large  portion  of  which  is  built  well  up  on  the  slope  of  the  First  Mountain,  and  not 
altogether  different  in  its  general  character  from  Lewellyn  Park,  two  miles  south  of  it;  both  of  these 
places  are  well  supplied  with  good  churches  and  scliools,  and  are  occupied  by  a  superior  class  of 
people  in  moral  and  intellectual  culture. 

Milburu  is  six  miles  beyond  Orange  on  the  Morris  and  Essex  Railroad  and  19  miles  from  New 
York.  Just  east  of  the  station  the  road  passes  around  the  end  of  the  Ornnge  Mountains,  and  has  at 
this  point  a  grade  of  about  80  feet  to  the  mile,  which  shows  its  high  position,  and  gives  some  idea  of 
the  delightful  nature  of  the  locality.  The  Rahway  River,  which  rises  between  the  First  and  Second 
Mountains  of  the  Orange  group,  passes  through  this  place,  and  affords  fine  water-power  a  large  por- 
tion of  the  year,  which  has  been  utilized  by  some  small  manufacturing  concerns. 

Summit  is  %)i  milea  from  New  York  by  way  of  tlic  Morris  and  Essex  Railroad.    It  is  on  the  toj 


116ME    BtriLDIKG.  Sdff 

of  the  mountain,  and  its  site  affords  more  beautiful  and  extended  views  than  any  other  point  on  the 
route,  it  is  building  up  rapidly  and  has  good  churches,  schools,  and  a  public  library,  it  is,  no  doubt, 
destined  to  become  a  large  and  popular  town. 

Madison  is  beautifully  located  on  a  high  plain  which  forms  a  water-shed  between  the  Great  and 
Black  Brooks,  and  is  a  very  fertile  and  healthy  location.  This  place  was  originally  known  as  Battle 
Hill,  which  name  was  dropped  after  the  influx  of  merchants  and  professionals  from  New  York  City, 
and  the  present  one  adapted  instead.  There  are  many  elegant  large  places  in  the  vicinity  of  this 
town  upon  which  their  owners  have  lavished  from  $100,000  upward.  It  is  27  miles  from  New  York 
City  by  way  of  the  Morris  and  Essex  Railroad,  in  the  eastern  portion  of  Morris  Co.,  N.  J.  The 
country  from  this  point  westward  begins  to  assume  a  more  mountainous  character,  and  affords 
varied  and  beautiful  scenery.  The  Drew  Theological  Seminary,  Methodist,  is  located  here,  there 
are  several  good  churches  and  schools  in  the  town,  and  the  sale  of  rum  is  prohibited. 


MORRISTOWN. 


This  fine  city  is  located  on  the  Whipping  River,  32  miles  from  New  York  City,  in  the  south- 
eastern center  of  Morris  Co.,  N.  J.,  on  the  Morris  and  Essex  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and 
Western  Railroads.  It  is  built  upon  a  high,  nearly  level  plateau,  and  is«tudded  about  with  ranges 
of  fertile  hills.  It  is  the  capital  of  Morris  County,  and  is  the  market  for  one  of  the  most  productive 
and  profitably  farmed  regions  of  the  State.  It  is  an  old  town,  having  been  projected  over  a  century 
ago,  although  it  has  received  most  of  its  population  within  the  past  20  years,  many  of  them  being 
from  New  York  City,  and  they  now  number  over  7,000.  The  beauty  and  healthfulness  of  this 
locality  attracts  many  people  to  its  borders  during  the  Summer  months,  and  a  large  proportion  of 
them  become  so  much  attached  to  the  place  as  to  be  induced  to  make  it  their  permanent  home. 

The  demand  for  Hotel  accommodation  is  on  the  increase,  and  there  are  a  number  of  very  fair 
ones  ready  to  offer  the  supply;  among  them  are  the  Marsion  House,  $2  to  $2  50  per  day,  the  Far- 
mers' House,  $2  50  per  day,  and  the  United  States  Hotel,  $2  per  day.  A  beautiful  sheet  of  water 
known  as  Speedwell  Lake,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  town,  is  quite  convenient  to  the  hotels  and  is 
an  attractive  feature. 

The  Industries  of  Morristown  are  connected  with  the  iron  interests  which  abound  in  Morris 
County,  the  manufacture  of  Paper,  and  other  goods,  and  largely  with  the  agricultural  commerce  of 
the  county. 

The  influx  of  New  York  business  men  with  their  families  has  made  a  great  change  in  the  archi- 
tectural aspect  of  this  town  within  the  past  20  years,  and  it  now  contains  many  elegant  and  beauti- 
ful cottages,  villas,  public  buildings  and  churches.  The  public  square  is  a  very  fine  feature  of  the 
city,  and  many  of  the  streets  are  shadowed  by  large,  fine  old  shade  trees,  while  great  care  and  taste 
is  displayed  in  the  adornment  of  the  yards  and  private  grounds  of  a  large  number  of  the  homes  of 
Morristown  and  surrounding  country.  The  roads  in  the  neighborhood  are  first-class,  well  cared  for, 
and  driving  upon  them  in  the  midst  of  so  much  fine  scenery  is  exceedingly  enjoyable. 

The  religious  and  moral  tone  of  this  people  is  at  a  high  standpoint,  while  intellectual  culture  is 
fostered  and  encouraged  with  much  care,  in  consequence  of  which  the  churches  and  schools  of  the 
place  are  numerous  and  of  the  very  best  in  class.  The  house  occupied  liy  General  Washington  on 
the  two  occasions  that  this  place  became  the  headquarters  of  the  American  army  during  the  Revo- 
lution, and  the  ruins  of  an  old  fort  are  still  in  existence. 


296  HOME     BUILDING. 


BOONTOX. 

This  finely-located  town  is  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western  Railroad,  32  miles 
fiom  New  York,  in  the  north-eastern  part  of  Morris  Co.,  New  Jersey,  on  the  Rockawaj'  River.  It 
is  also  on  the  Morris  Canal,  and  is  about  eight  miles  north-east  of  Morristown,  on  the  sunny  expo- 
sure of  high  table  lands,  flanked  on  the  north-west  by  lofty  hills.  It  is  a  town  of  over  fifty  years' 
standing,  has  about  3,000  inhabitants,  and  is  one  of  the  towns  in  New  Jersey  noted  for  its  health- 
fulness  and  pleasant  climate.  Since  the  completion  of  the  Boonton  branch  of  the  Delaware,  Lack- 
awanna and  Western  Railroad,  via  Paterson,  this  place  has  shown  more  signs  of  forward-  move- 
ment than  it  had  formerly. 

The  principal  Industries  of  Boonton  are  the  manufacture  of  Iron  from  the  crude  ore  to  the 
finest  quality  of  Nails  to  be  had  in  the  New  York  market;  in  fact,  almost  all  the  siding  and  clap- 
boarding  of  the  thousands  of  pretty  houses  that  have  been  erected  within  50  miles  of  New  York 
during  the  last  15  years  is  supposed  to  have  been  put  on  with  Boonton  fives  or  sixes,  the  reputa- 
tion of  those  nails  stand  so  high.  The  Morris  Canal  affords  cheap  and  convenient  means  of  reach- 
ing the  great  markets  for  such  heavy  goods,  and  aids  much  in  the  general  commercial  enterprises  of 
this  town,  while  the  railroad  completes  its  appliances  for  transportation. 

There  are  a  number  of  churches  and  good  free  schools  in  the  place,  and  other  institutions  of 
worthy  aim  and  increasing  fame. 

There  is  a  newspaper  published  here,  the  "Boonton  Bulletin,"  Republican,  which  has  a  circu- 
lation of  about  800,  and  is  otherwise  tolerably  well  supported.  Boonton  and  its  rich,  beautiful  sur- 
roundings will  not  fail  of  prosperity. 

Dover  is  another  fine  town  of  Morris  Co.,  New  Jersej^;  it  is  43  miles  from  New  York  by  way  of 
the  Morris  and  Essex  Railroad;  is  also  on  the  Rockaway  River  and  Morris  Canal.  It  is  in  the  midst 
of  the  iron-mining  region  of  the  State,  and  is  principally  engaged  in  manufacturing  iron  and  steel 
in  various  forms.  It  is  also  in  the  center  of  the  mountainous  lake  region  of  the  count)',  has  two 
good  Hotels,  churches,  schools  and  other  institutions  of  importance;  and  is  one  of  the  most  pleasant 
and  healthful  sections  in  the  State,  and  one  in  which  'Home  Building,"  by  the  wearied,  retiring 
merchant  or  professional  of  New  York,  might  be  engaged  in  with  many  advantages.  There  is  a 
bank  and  a  newspaper  office  in  Dover,  and  the  town  is  showing  signs  of  a  new  departure  from  the 
ruts  of  half  a  century. 

Washington  is  71  miles  distant  from  New  York  by  the  Morris  and  Essex  Railroad;  is  at  the 
junction  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  "Western  Railroad,  and  is  in  Warren  Co.,  New  Jersey. 
There  are  desirable  features  of  transportation,  and  facilities  for  commercial  transactions  combined 
at  this  point  worthy  of  note.  It  is  at  the  crossing  of  two  important  lines  of  rail,  and  on  the  Morris 
Canal. 

Delaware  Water-Gap  is  on  the  line  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western  Railway,  at  the 
point  where  the  Delaware  River,  after  a  journey  of  near  200  miles  from  toward  the  north,  amid 
towering  mountams  and  shadowy  forests,  bursts  through  the  barrier  of  the  great  Blue  Mountains 
on  its  way  to  the  South  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  Gap  is  a  narrow  opening  through  the  moun- 
tain, on  either  side  of  which  towers  a  wall  of  rock  over  1,500  feet  high,  and  through  which  the  rail- 
road passes  within  a  short  distance  of  the  river.  This  point  has  been  growing  in  importance  as  a 
Summering  place  the  past  few  years,  and  is  well  worthy  all  the  reputed  attractiveness  accredited  to 
it  and  the  surrounding  mountain  scenery.  It  is  just  out  of  Jersey  in  the  eastern  edge  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  a  healthy  pleasant  atmosphere  and  a  pleasant  hotel  at  which  to  rest — the  Kittatinny 
House.  This  is  one  of  the  nearest  points  at  which  New  Yorkers  may  get  a  breath  of  genuine  moun- 
tain air  and  a  glimpse  of  grand  mountain  and  rivjr  scenery  combined.  It  is  also  the  neighborhoo(i 
from  which  the  Kittatinny  blackberry  was  introduced  to  the  gardens  of  New  Yorkers. 


HOME    BUILDING.  297 


SCRANTON. 

This  important  coal  and  iron  center  is  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Lackawanna  River,  in  the 
northern  end  of  Luzerne  Co. ,  Pa.  It  is  also  an  important  railroad  center,  being  the  point  of  meet- 
mg  of  the  Lackawanna  and  Bloomsburg,  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western,  and  the  Lehigh  and 
Susquehanna  Railroads,  with  other  branch  railroads.  The  place  was  formerly  known  as  Lacka- 
wanna, but  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1866,  under  its  present  name,  and  having  made  very  rapid 
progress  the  past  fifteen  years,  it  has  now  a  population  of  over  50,000. 

Mountainous  countries  are  mostly  considered  very  lieaWiy,  and  we  have  not  been  able  to  learn 
that  the  people  among  the  Alleghany  Mountains  have  experienced  an  exception  to  the  rule 

The  Wyoming  House,  $3  per  day,  is  considered  the  best  in  this  place,  although  there  are  several 
others,  amopg  them  the  Washington  House,  charges  $3  per  day,  and  the  Scranton  House  is  on  the 
European  plan. 

The  Industries  of  Scranton  are  very  extensive  and  are  rapidly  growing  in  magnitude ;  it  is  in  the 
heart  of  a  great  coal,  iron  and  lumber  cciunlry,  and  contains  many  Iron  Founderies,  Machme  Shops, 
and  other  iron  and  steel  manufacturing  concerns,  extensive  mills  manufacturing  Lumber,  Sash 
Doors,  Blinds  and  Moldings,  Silk  Mills  and  many  other  enterprises  of  a  productive  nature. 

The  Institutious  of  the  place  are  also  quite  numerous,  appear  to  be  wide  awake  and  efficient. 
There  are  over  25  churches,  good  public  and  private  schools,  banks  and  banking-houses,  two  daily 
and  six  weekly  newspapers,  and  several  insurance  offices,  among  which  that  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Howell  is 
prominent. 

Among  the  native  materials  required  for  building  purposes  are  iron,  wood,  especially  hemlock, 
brick,  stone,  lime,  sand,  «fcc.,  all  of  which  are  sold  at  low  prices,  while  the  cost  of  mechanics'  labor 
is  about  the  same  as  at  New  York,  and  in  consequence  of  the  low  price  of  materials  buildings  can 
be  erected  at  a  less  cost  than  at  the  last  named  place.  The  cost  of  living  at  this  city  is  about  the 
same  as  at  Philadelphia,  while  rents  are  comparatively  lower. 

The  great  coal  and  iron  interests  of  Scranton  are  of  a  permanent  nature,  and  will  continue  to 
maintain  a  progressive  influence  over  the  industrial  population  of  the  place,  and  another  quarter  of 
a  century  will  see  among  these  mountains  a  city  of  100,000  people  industriously  employed. 


Home  Seekers  who  have  for  the  past  12  years  been  attracted  from  the  cities  of  New  York  and 
Brooklyn  to  the  lands,  towns  and  cities  of  New  Jersey,  that  are  bisected  by  and  contiguous  to  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  and  its  connecting  lines,  have  found  that  road  a  prompt,  obliging, 
and  satisfactorily  conducted  means  of  travel  between  their  places  of  business  and  the  points  at 
which  they  have  chosen  to  build  up  their  homes.  The  ferry-boats  of  this  road  leave  New  York  at 
the  foot  of  Liberty  Street,  from  a  ferry-house  and  depot  that  is  well-arranged  and  convenient  to  the 
street,  not  compelling  the  traveler  to  pass  through  a  funnel-like  passage  of  several  hundred  feet  in 
length,  as  is  the  case  at  other  points;  the  boats  are  equal  if  not  superior  to  those  of  any  other  line  on 
the  North  River,  make  their  trips  regularly  and  promptly,  and  on  arriving  at  the  depot  and  ferry- 
house  in  Jersey  City,  which  is  also  well  and  conveniently  arranged,  the  cars  are  near  at  hand  and 
comfortably  found;  without,  as  is  the  case  at  one  other  place,  at  this  time,  the  necessity  of  the  pas 
sengcr  ninnui,,'  the  gauntlet  of  street-cars,  street-crossings,  among  freight  wagons,  an  exceedingly 
extenuated  box  like  passage,  a  cluttered  waiting-depot  of  150  feet  in  width,  and  finally  a  howling 
guard  and  a  long  platform  to  the  cars,  perhaps  100  feet  outside  of  the  depot,  which  altogether  forms 
a  labyrinth  of  difficulties,  exhibiting  a  degree  of  utter  neglect  or  stupidity  of  management  completely 
appalling  to  any  business  man,  woman,  or  child. 


29^  HOME      BUILDl^a. 

The  passenger  has  reasonable  time  to  reach  the  train  when  the  signal  is  given,  and  it  mot'eS 
quickly  and  rapidly  away,  continuing  its  motion  until  it  reaches  the  first  station  at  which  it  is  des- 
tined, where  it  makes  the  halt,  and  again  moves  promptly  forward ;  and  so  continues  to  its  final 
stopping  point.  Of  the  hundreds  of  persons  we  have  conversed  with,  who  regularly  travel  thia 
road,  we  have  never  found  one  who  was  disposed  to  complain,  which  we  cannot  say  of  any 
other  road  running  out  of  New  York.  A  run  of  20  minutes  from  the  ferry-house  at  the  foot  of  Lib- 
erty Street  reaches 

Greenville.  This  place  has  26  trains  daily,  each  way,  stopping  at  it,  and  it  is  beautifully 
jocated  on  the  Bergen  Ridge,  which  is  the  southern  and  gradually  sinking  end  of  the  spine  of  the 
Palisades.     Horse  cars  run  through  this  part  of  Jersey  City  direct  to  Montgomery  Street. 

Pami-apo  is  the  first  station  within  the  city  of  Bayonne,  and  is  in  nearly  all  respects  similar  to 
the  former  place,  having  the  same  number  of  trains  and  being  only  three  minutes  further  away, 
while  the  central  station  of  this  ward  known  as 

Bayonne  is  another  two  minutes'  ride,  and  is  on  Bayonne  Avenue.  The  city  of  Bayonne  was 
incorporated  in  March,  1870,  and  comprises  all  that  point  of  land  bounded  by  the  Morris  Canal  on 
the  north,  which  is  now  the  southern  boundary  of  Jersey  City,  on  the  west  by  Newark  Bay,  and  on 
the  east  and  south  by  the  Kill  Von  Kull  and  New  York  Bay.  It  lays  high  in  the  center,  and  gently 
rolls  toward  the  water  on  either  side.  It  has  now  a  population  of  over  8,000,  is  a  healthy  ridge,  and 
is  building  up  rapidly. 

Centreville  is  another  station  In  Bayonne,  is  28  minutes  from  Ne.v  York,  has  26  trains  each 
way  daily,  while  three  minutes  further  on  is 

Bergen  Point,  which  is  the  most  thickly-populated  and  best-improved  portion  of  Bayonne, 
and  is  31  minutes  from  New  York,  having  32  trains  daily,  each  way.  Tliis  and  all  the  previously 
named  places  have  church  and  good  school  accommodation,  flagged  and  planked  sidewalks,  and  gas 
in  the  streets,  are  all  connected  with  Montgomery  Street,  Jersey  City,  by  horse  railroad,  and  are  all 
rapidly  building  up.  Bergen  Point  was  first  settled  about  1616,  has  many  pleasant  and  attractive 
features,  is  one  of  the  most  accessible  places  for  New  Yorkers  of  any  other  of  the  suburbs  of  that 
city,  and  there  is  but  little  doubt  but  that  the  City  of  Bayonne  will  be  completely  and  densely  built 
up  within  the  next  quarter  of  a  century. 


ELIZABETH. 


This  beautiful  and  highly-improved  city  is  12  miles,  and  is  a  run  of  36  minutes,  by  way  of  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  from  New  York,  and  at  this  point  the  New  Jersey  Railroad  crosses 
the  Central.  It  is  on  Stateu  Island  Sound,  at  the  foot  of  Newark  Bay,  and  is  the  capital  of  Union 
Co.,  New  Jersey.  This  part  of  the  State  was  settled  in  1665,  and  during  the  revolutionary  struggle 
the  borough  of  Elizabeth  was  noted  for  its  patriotic  zeal  and  courage  in  the  good  cause  of  tyrant 
yoke-breaking.  This  city  was  at  one  time  the  capital  and  principal  town  of  the  State,  but  has, 
within  the  past  50  years,  been  outgrown  by  Newark,  Jersey  City  and  Paterson.  The  past  15  years 
has  seen  a  complete  change  take  place  at  this  point.  The  old  town  has  become  a  new  one  of 
splendid  appearance;  it  has  revised  its  charter  and  limits,  and  now  embraces  what  was  known  as 
Elizabethport.  It  has  thoroughly  sewered,  graded  and  paved  its  streets,  and  thousands  of  beautiful 
cotta"-es  and  villas  have  been  erected  along  them,  and  it  has  also  increased  its  population  from  about 
5,000  to  about  30,000.     It  lays  on  high,  well-drained  land,  and  is  a  healthy  city  and  country. 

The  Industries  of  Elizabeth  are  numerous  and  some  of  them  of  an  extensive  character.  The 
Singer  Manufacturing  Company  have  extensive  works  at  the  foot  of  Newark  Bay,  and  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  below,  on  the  Sound,  is  an  extensive  coal  depot,  where  over  5,000,000  of  tons  of 
coal  are  handled  annually.      There  are  also  Carriage,  Spoke,  and  nearly  a  hundred  other  factories 


in  operation,  and  there  is  a  large  industry  in  connection  with  the  building  business  in  its  various 
branches. 

Institutions.  Elizabeth  has  always  been  noted  for  the  high  moral  and  social  tone  of  its  people 
and,  although  the  great  majority  of  its  present  population  have  come  in  from  Brooklyn,  Jersey 
City,  Newark,  and  other  points  within  the  past  fifteen  years,  yet  its  reputation  in  the  above  respects 
has  been  well  sustained. 

There  are  about  thirty  churches,  ample  public  and  private  schools  of  the  highest  character,  six 
banks,  several  insurance  offices,  an  orphan  asylum,  eight  newspapers,  among  them  three  dailies,  and 
many  other  institutions  of  different  natures.  The  rapid  growth  of  this  city  between  1865  and  1873 
was  very  remarkable,  and,  although  it  has  not  advanced  so  rapidly  the  past  three  years,  there  is  no 
doubt  but  that  its  splendid  means  of  communication  with  New  York  will  push  it  forward  again. 

Roselle  is  15  miles  from  New  York,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey;  is  beautifully  situ- 
ated on  lands  about  75  feet  higher  in  elevation  than  those  upon  which  the  city  of  Elizabeth  stands. 
There  is  a  fine  hotel  here,  the  Mansion  House,  which  is  well  filled  during  the  Summer  season.  The 
appearance  of  this  statior  is  one  of  remarkable  neatness,  while  the  cottages  and  villas  of  its  people, 
with  their  tasteful  grounds,  show  a  degree  of  culture  at  once  pleasing  and  attractive  to  the  home 
seeker  of  any  considerable  degree  of  refinement.  There  are  Baptist,  Presbyterian,  Methodist  and 
Episcopalian  churches  here,  and  good  schools.  The  place  is  healthy,  growing  rapidly,  and  will,  in 
a  few  years,  most  likely,  become  a  part  of  the  incorporate  limits  of  Elizabeth.  Building  lots  can 
be  had  at  present,  in  desirable  locations,  at  $250  per  city  lot,  but  will  rapidly  rise. 

Cranford  is  two  miles  west  of  Roselle,  on  the  Rahway  River,  in  Union  Co.,  N.  J.;  its  new 
growth  is  about  twelve  years  old,  and  it  has  a  population  of  about  2,000,  mostly  New  York  business 
men  and  their  families,  as  is  also  the  case  in  Roselle.  The  site  of  this  town  is  comparatively  level, 
although  it  has  sufficient  roll  for  good  drainage.  There  are  churches  of  two  or  three  denominations, 
and  good  schools  in  the  place. 

The  class  of  buildings  that  have  been  erected  here  compare  very  well  with  the  line  of  houses  in 
this  work  from  1  to  34,  and  the  cost  of  erecting  such  dwellings  at  this  point  is  not  above  the  average, 
although  the  want  of  building  stone  is  felt  to  some  extent.  The  people  of  Cranford  are  not  behind 
their  neighbors  in  spiritual,  moral,  and  intellectual  culture.  There  are  17  trains  daily,  each  way, 
between  here  and  New  York. 

Westfleld  was  settled  about  150  years  ago,  and  has  been  known  as  a  town  since  the  days  of 
Washington's  encampment  at  Valley  Forge;  but,  like  all  the  inland  towns  within  50  miles  of  New 
York,  it  remained  for  nearly  a  century  in  a  dormant  condition,  and,  until  the  Central  Railroad  was 
completed,  there  had  been  but  little  change  in  its  population  during  those  long  eventful  years.  It 
is  beautifully  situated  on  high  rolling  lands,  and  has  a  station  with  an  adorned  park  around  it,  which 
is  an  honor  to  both  the  people  and  the  railroad,  as  both  have  aided  in  the  work.  It  is  19  miles  from 
New  York,  requires  59  minutes  to  reach  it  from  that  point,  and  has  20  trains  daily  each  way.  It  is 
in  Union  County,  and  has  a  population  of  over  5,000,  about  225  of  which  are  commuters  on  the  rail- 
road, and  go  daily  to  their  business  in  New  York. 

From  the  crown  of  the  gently  sloping  ridge  on  the  south  side  of  the  railroad,  where  a  large 
number  of  elegant  villas  and  cottages  mark  the  locality  of  as  many  pleasant  homes,  the  scenery  to 
the  north,  east,  and  west,  is  of  a  charming  character.  The  steeples  of  Newark  can  be  seen  point- 
ing upward  on  the  north-east,  while  on  the  north  and  north-west  are  the  bold  tops  of  the  Orange 
Mountains  and  Long  Hill;  quietly  resting  in  the  immediate  mid-distance  is  the  older  portion  of 
Westfield,  and  just  beyond  a  beautiful  undulating  valley. 

The  health  of  the  people  of  this  town  has  been  very  satisfactory,  and  every  needful  precaution 
is  taken  to  maintain  the  healthfulness  of  the  place.  The  statistics  of  the  township  of  Westfield  show 
that,  in  1839,  one-half  of  its  population  were  over  70  years  of  age,  a  fact  which  also  indicates  the 
cause  of  the  slow  progress  of  this  place  previous  to  the  building  of  the  Central  Railroad  to  be  the 
continual  emigration  of  her  young  men  to  places  more  accessible  to  the  world. 

There  are  five  churches  in  Westfield,  which  are  divided  among  the  Methodist,  Baptist,  Presby- 


SOO  .  aoMJEBUlLDING. 

terian,  Episcopal,  and  Roman  Catholic ;  a  splendid  public  school  and  good  private  tutors ;  a  public 
hall  and  library,  several  lodges  and  other  organizations,  and  a  neat  looking  weekly  newspaper. 

The  dwellings  of  this  town  are  well  represented  by  our  list,  and  the  cost  of  building  can  be 
seen  in  our  tables.  Westfield  is  destined  to  outstrip  most  of  the  towns  along  this  route  within  the 
next  fifteen  years.     Lots  are  worth  from  $250  to  |500  each,  according  to  location. 


PLAINFIELD. 

This  well-known  city  is  in  the  south-west  corner  of  Union  Co.,  New  Jersey,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  attractive  on  the  line  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Kew  Jersey.  It  is  24  miles  from  New  York; 
is  reached  in  one  hour  by  express  trains,  in  one  hour  and  ten  minutes  by  accommodation  trains,  and 
has  20  trains  each  way  daily  Plainfield  was  first  laid  out  in  1735,  but,  like  Westfield,  did  not  suc- 
ceed in  inducing  a  very  large  number  of  people  to  settle  permanently  within  its  borders  until  after 
tl:e  completion  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  when  it  began  to  take  on  new  life,  and  has 
three  times  doubled  its  population  within  the  past  fifteen  years,  which  now  number  about  12,000. 
The  locality  is  well  drained  by  the  Green  Brook  on  the  north  and  west,  which  also  divides  Union 
from  Somerset  County  at  that  point,  and  by  small  brooks  which  are  tributary  to  the  Rahway  River 
on  the  east,  while  such  artificial  drains  and  sewers  have  been  constructed  as  the  necessities  of  the 
case  demanded,  and  the  city  has  proved  to  be  one  in  which  the  healthfulness  of  the  people  is  above 
the  average. 

The  City  Hotel  is  a  very  well-kept  house,  and  is  but  a  short  distance  from  the  depot. 

The  Industries  of  this  town  are  largely  connected  with  the  building  business  in  its  various 
oflBces,  while  the  rich  agricultural  country  around  the  point  has  in  times  past  been  an  important 
excitant  of  commercial  life,  and  still  adds  much  toward  its  support. 

There  are  also  a  number  of  manufacturing  concerns  on  a  limited  scale,  and  a  growing  com- 
mercial activity  as  the  place  increases  and  the  demand  for  household  ware  and  implements  become 
greater.  The  grand  feature  of  Plainfield  is  that  it  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  and  pleasant,  best 
improved  and  peopled  cities  of  residence  for  New  York  business  men  and  their  families  that  can  be 
found  within  the  same  radius  from  that  place. 

Institutions.  There  are  about  sixteen  well-sustained  churches  in  this  city,  a  Young  ;Men'3 
Christian  Association,  and  other  religious  organizations.  The  sectarian  sentiment  of  the  people  is 
divided  between  the  Baptist,  Presbyterian,  Methodist,  Quakers,  Seventh-Day  Baptist,  and  there  is 
also  a  Roman  Catholic  congregation.  There  are  excellent  public  and  private  schools  in  the  place, 
and  two  or  three  boarding-schools  of  good  reputation,  two  banks,  two  newspapers,  and  several  other 
institutions  of  benevolent  and  business  characters.  The  city  is  provided  with  a  fire  department  and 
a  police  force,  and  is  one  of  the  best  regulated  and  governed  little  cities  in  the  State. 

"Home  Building"  in  Plainfield  has  been  carried  to  a  degree  of  perfection  highly  creditable  to 
the  people  that  abide  in  the  many  exceedingly  pleasant  and  attractive-looking  houses  that  stud  its 
shady  streets;  and,  as  the  place  is  so  short  a  run  from  New  York,  no  persons  who  are  awake  to  the 
hardships  and  dangers  of  "  Home  Building"  in  that  or  any  other  great  city,  and  are  thinking  of  re- 
treating to  some  of  the  many  blessed  places  of  refuge  within  an  hour's  ride  of  New  York,  should 
not  fail  to  visit  this  favored  one,  on  a  tour  of  observation.  The  people  are  cultivated,  and  encourage 
religious  and  intellectual  progress,  are  social,  and  foster  that  degree  of  fraternal  intercourse  which 
blesses  a  home  and  endears  it  to  all  hearts. 


flOME    BUILDING.  30l 


SOMERVILLE. 

This  town  is  the  county  seat  of  Somerset  County,  New  Jersey,  of  which  it  is  also  very  nearly 
the  geographical  center.  It  is  an  old  town,  possessed  a  tavern  in  the  days  of  the  Revolution,  but, 
like  the  last  two  spoken  of,  it  did  not  make  any  great  advance  until  after  the  noise  and  rush  of  the 
locomotive  became  familiar  to  its  people;  when,  also,  like  those,  it  in  a  very  few  years  doubled  and 
quadrupled  its  numbers,  until  it  now  claims  about  3,000  inhabitants.  It  is  on  the  northern  bank  of 
the  Raritan  River,  is  a  very  healthy,  well-drained  town,  and  has  three  or  four  comfortable  Hotels^ 
all  of  which  cliarge  $2  per  day.  The  town  is  principally  built  along  the  Old  Turnpike  road,  which 
was  the  great  thoroughfare  from  Elizabeth  to  Easton  before  the  days  of  steam  and  steel,  and  is 
beautified  by  many  grand  old  shade  trees. 

The  South  Branch  Railroad  diverges  at  this  point,  which  adds  somewhat  to  its  notoriety.  The 
country  in  which  this  town  stands  is  veiy  fine,  and  possesses  many  features  of  attractive  beauty, 
some  of  which  can  be  seen  from  the  cupola  of  the  Court  House.  It  possesses  four  churches,  a  fine 
public  school,  an  academy  and  other  private  schools,  two  banks,  three  weekly  newspapers  which 
have  good  circulation,  and  other  institutions  of  the  nature  of  secret  societies.  Somerville  is  36 
miles  from  New  York,  and  it  requires  the  trains  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  1  hour  and 
34  minutes  to  reach  it,  which  will  prevent  its  ever  becoming  so  popular  as  a  home  for  people  who 
do  business  in  New  York  as  the  towns  and  cities  nearer  that  point,  although  it  will  continue  to  in- 
crease in  favor. 


EASTOX. 

On  the  Western  bank  of  the  Delaware  River,  where  it  is  entered  by  the  Lehigh  and  Bushkill 
Rivers,  stands  this  industrious  city  and  capital  of  Northampton  County,  Pa.  It  is  75  miles  from 
New  York  by  way  of  the  ('entral  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  85  by  the  Morris  and  Essex  Railroad, 
and  83  miles  from  Philadelphia  by  way  af  the  Belvidere  Division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
It  is  also  connected  with  all  points  west,  as  it  is  one  of  the  important  railroad  centers  through 
which  the  "  Allentown  Route"  passes,  and  it  is  on  the  Lehigh  and  Delaware  Canal. 

In  1738  this  town  was  first  laid  out,  but  it  was  not  incorporated  until  1789.  In  1860  it  had  a 
population  of  nearly  9,000,  and  it  has  now  over  20,000.  Located  upon  the  high  banks  of  two 
rapid-running  rivers,  well  sewered  and  drained,  Easton  has  maintained  a  reputation  for  healthfulncss 
surpassed  by  very  few  cities  in  the  State  and  it  possesses  several  good  Hotels,  one  of  which — the 
United  States  Hotel — claims  to  be  first-class,  and  charges  $4  per  day,  while  the  Franklin  House 
charges  $3  50;  the  !Mount  Vernon  Hotel,  $1  25,  and  the  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  House,  $1  per 
day. 

Industries.  Easton  enjoys  remarkable  commercial  facilities  in  connection  with  her  railroad 
and  canal  communications  with  the  great  markets  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  and  possesses 
more  extensive  manufacturing  interests  than  any  other  city  of  its  size  within  the  same  distance  of 
those  markets.  Its  water  power  facilities  are  excellent,  and  are  employed  in  several  lines,  among 
which  are  Oil  Mills,  Flouring  Mills,  and  Cotton  Factories,  There  is  at  this  point  also  many  very 
large  Iron  Foundcrics,  Machine  Shops,  Saw  Mills,  and  a  great  number  of  other  producing  interests. 
The  country  around  is  highly  cultivated,  rich  and  productive,  abounds  in  iron  ores,  and  a  fine 
quality  of  limestone. 

lastitatious.    This  highly  industrious  people  are  not  negligent  of  matters  which  are  of  more 


§0^  M6Mii    BtJitt>i^6. 

vital  importance  to  the  growing  minds  of  its  young  people,  and  more  encouraging  to  the  hearts  of 
its  old  men  than  themes  and  schemes  for  the  production  of  wealth.  Here  m  the  midst  of  smoking 
furnaces,  rumbling  mills,  thumping  hammers,  and  whirring  machinery,  churches  of  all  the  leading 
denominations  of  Christians  are  well  sustained,  and  a  large  proportion  of  the  people  gather  within 
their  different  temples  on  the  Sabbath  day  to  worship  God.  A  good  education  is  regarded  as 
among  tlie  essential  elements  af  a  young  person's  preparation  for  the  life  struggle,  and  there  are 
well-appointed  public  free  schools,  where  all  the  branches  of  an  English  education  are  taught,  and 
this  place  is  also  the  seat  of  Lafayette  College,  a  splendid  institution  of  learning,  which  has  flourished 
over  40  years,  and  has  a  library  of  about  6,000  volumes.  There  are  also  several  academies  of  good 
reputation,  and  among  the  commercial  institutions  are  banks,  insurance  offices,  several  newspapers, 
among  them  two  dailies,  three  or  four  weeklies,  and  a  monthly  devoted  to  the  interest  of  the  United 
American  Mechanics,  which  are  a  strong,  high-toned  and  flourishing  body  of  patriotic  Americans. 
There  is  also  a  public  library  of  a  superior  character,  and  a  large  number  of  other  institutions,  which 
complete  a  list  unusual  in  extent  for  a  city  of  the  population  of  this  one,  and  mighty  in  their  in- 
fluence upon  the  destinies  of  the  people. 


ALLENTOWN. 


This  town  made  famous  by  its  name  being  the  title  of  one  of  the  most  popular  and  host  con- 
ducted routes  that  is  run  from  New  York  to  the  West,  is  the  capital  of  Lehigh  Co.,  Penn.  It 
is  beautifully  located  on  a  high  plain  between  the  Lehigh  River  and  Jordan  Creek,  and  is  92  miles 
from  New  York.  It  is  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  agricultural  region,  is  thoroughly  drained  and  sew- 
ered, has  a  population  of  over  16,000,  and  is  a  very  healthy  city.  The  principal  public  house  is  the 
American  Hotel,  which  charges  $3  per  day. 

The  canal  of  the  Lehigh  Coal  Company  passes  through  this  town,  and  also  the  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroad,  which,  with  the  through  route  of  the  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  Central,  allow  excellent 
opportunity  for  transportation  and  adds  much  to  the  commercial  prosperity  of  the  locality.  There 
are  near  this  center  extensive  iron  mines,  and  fine  limestone  and  roofing-slate  quarries,  which  are 
largely  worked  and  yield  a  profitable  return.  There  are  extensive  furnaces,  founderies,  rolling 
mills  aHd  other  manufacturing  enterprises,  which  employ  a  large  number  of  people. 

There  are  also  churches  of  all  the  leading  Christian  sects,  banks,  societies  of  benevolent,  beni- 
ficial,  and  patriotic  characters,  and  eleven  newspapers  and  periodicals  published  in  the  place.  It 
also  contains  a  theological  seminary,  a  fine  academy,  and  a  military  institute,  with  well-organized 
public  and  private  schools.  There  are  several  mineral  springs,  and  a  bold  promontory  known  as 
"  Big  Rock,"  near  the  town.  The  latter  is  about  1,000  feet  high  and  is  an  interesting  feature  of  the 
locality.     The  buildings  of  Allentown  are  largely  of  stone  and  brick. 


READING, 

The  capital  of  Berks  Co. ,  Penn. ,  is  located  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the 
direct  line  of  railroad  known  as  the  "Allentown  route,"  123  miles  from  New  York,  and  also  on 
Reading  and  Pottsville  Railroad,  52  miles  from  Philadelphia,  Pa.  The  site  of  this  city  is  very 
fine;  it  riseo  gently  from  the  river  toward  the  east,  until  it  reaches  Penn's  Mount,  which  lifts  up 
boldly  and  shuts  in  the  country  on  the  east.  Reading  was  first  settled  in  1773,  was  laid  out  in 
1748  by  Thomas  and  Richard  Penn,  incorporated  as  a  borough  in  1783,  and  as  a  city  in  1847,  at 


HOME     BUILDING.  303 

which  time  its  popnlation  was  about  9,000,  and  since  which  it  has  steadily  grown  in  numbers  and 
enterprise  until  it  now  possesses  a  population  of  over  40,000,  and  is  the  fifth  city  in  numbers  in  the 
State  of  Pemisylvania.  The  lands  upon  which  the  city  stands  are  favorable  for  drainage  and  sewer- 
age purposes,  and  the  people  of  the  place  have  taken  advantage  of  the  fact,  thus  securing  to  them 
selves,  as  their  metropolis  increased  in  extent,  a  thorough  protection  against  plagues  that  are  known 
to  propagate  and  spread  in  populous  cities  where  imperfect  drainage  exists;  and  in  consequence 
Reading  enjoys  the  comfortable  assurance  that  its  little  ones  are  not  unduly  exposed  to  the  insiduous 
poisons  of  malaria,  and  other  deadly  elements,  which  steal  away  life  in  the  dark,  and  rob  happy 
homes  of  their  greatest  earthly  treasure.  To  be  thus  confident  that  one's  home  is  located  in  a  place 
which  possesses  the  elements  of  perfect  Iiealthfulness,  relieves  the  nerves  of  the  parent  from  that 
anxious  strain  which  early  wrinkles  the  brow  and  brings  pallor  to  the  cheek,  and  which  no  diag- 
nosis that  does  not  completely  demolish  the  cause  can  relieve. 

The  Hotels  of  Reading  are  a  fair  class  of  houses,  the  Mansion  House,  $3  per  day,  taking  the 
lead. 

Tlie  Principal  Industries  of  this  unusually  busy,  prosperous  people,  are  connected  with  Mining 
and  Manufacturing  Iron,  of  which  there  are  great  deposits  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  place. 
Among  the  different  enterprises  in  this  connection  are  Furnaces,  Rolling-Mills,  Founderies,  Forges, 
Machine  Shops,  &c.  In  other  lines,  there  are  Wool  Hat  Factories,  Shoe  Factories,  and  Mills  of 
various  characters.  There  are  also  near  at  hand,  large  lime  and  sandstone  quarries  of  a  fine 
quality,  and  extensive  coal  mines,  all  of  which  add  their  weight  to  the  general  good. 

The  Schuylkill  Canal,  which  runs  directly  to  Philadelphia,  with  the  several  lines  of  railroad 
communication,  form  extensive  facilities  for  commercial  operations,  and  with  their  demands  for 
running  help  and  repairs,  complete  the  industrial  resources  of  Reading. 

Institutions.  We  doubt  if  there  is  another  city  in  the  United  States  that  can  show  a  greater 
number  of  organizations  which  fall  under  this  head  than  Reading,  and  in  order  to  give  a  more  per- 
fect idea  of  the  tendencies  and  divisions  of  this  people,  we  append  here  a  verj-  complete  list,  in 
eluding  secret  societies.  Of  religious  organizations  there  are  20  Methodist,  5  Lutheran,  5  Re- 
formed, 3  Presbyterian,  2  Baptist,  2  Episcopalian,  2  Roman  Catholic,  1  Friends,  and  1  Universalist 
Church.  The  city  is  divided  into  six  school  districts,  and  has  twenty  public  school  buildings, 
which  are  well  filled,  and  the  schools  ably  conducted.  There  is  a  female  academy  under  the  charge 
of  the  Immaculate  Heart  of  Mary,  a  hospital  and  an  orphan  asylum  under  the  care  of  the  Sisters 
of  Charity,  a  public  dispensary  or  temporary  hospital,  sustained  by  chaiity,  under  the  care  of  paid 
nurses.  A  very  efficient  and  well-arranged  volunteer  fire  department,  managed  by  a  Fireman's 
Union,  and  having  seven  steamers  and  two  hook  and  ladder  companies.  Of  lodges  of  secret  orders, 
there  are  11  Masonic,  12  Brotherhood  of  the  Union,  13  Odd  Fellows,  12  United  Anitrican  Mechanics, 
5  Knights  of  Pythias,  8  Mystic  Chain,  10  Roman  Catholic  Benificial  Societies,  8  American  Protest- 
ant Associations,  6  German  Order  Harugari,  4  Orders  of  Seven  Wise  Men,  4  Order  of  Red  Men, 
4  Musical  Societies,  32  Building  and  Loan  Associations,  a  Historical  Society,  Medical  Society, 
Academy  of  Natural  Science,  Library  Company,  Club  House,  and  33  other  miscellaneous  associ- 
ations, two  local  fire  insurance  companies,  4  banks  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $800,000,  a  gas 
company,  3  daily  newspapers,  2  English  and  1  German,  nine  weekly  uesvspapers,  3  English  and 
9  German. 

Buildings.  Stone  and  brick  arc  more  largely  used  in  this  city  for  building  purposes  than  is  the 
case  in  some  other  cities  of  its  population,  especially  Scranton,  Pa.  Tiie  Court-IIouse  and  several 
of  the  churches  being  the  more  notable  for  their  extent  and  elegance,  one  of  the  cliurches  having  a 
spire  210  feet  in  hight,  another,  built  of  sandstone,  has  a  spire  180  feet  high.  The  principal  busi- 
ness streets  are  very  compactly  built,  and  are  remarkably  elegant.  The  average  value  of  business 
blocks  is  about  $1,000  per  front  foot,  in  the  best  localities.  There  is  an  uncomfortable  disposition 
to  crowd  up,  which  should  be  discouraged,  in  consequence  lots  are  generally  allowed  but  20  feet 
front,  while  in  the  outskirts  they  are  narrowed  down  to  15  feet  front.  The  value  of  lots  within  the 
city  limits  will  average  about  $500  per  front  foot,  running  fron\  100  feet  to  270  jn  depth.  Reading 
is  surrounded  by  highly  cultivated  farms  and  vegetable  gardens,  which  range  iu  value  from  $300 


304  HOME     BUILDING. 

per  acre  for  those  of  from  15  to  20  acres,  to  $150  per  acre  for  those  of  100  acres  and  over.  All  are 
remarkably  productive,  if  well-cared  for,  while  the  markets  are  of  the  best,  with  reference  to  con- 
venience and  demand,  and  are  good  in  prices.  Reading  is  an  important  center,  and  in  order  that 
our  readers  may  be  provided  with  a  name  that  will  enable  them  to  gain  any  amount  of  special  in- 
formation with  reference  to  real  estate  and  its  kindred  subjects,  or  in  fact  with  reference  to  any 
matters  concerning  this  city,  or  the  remarkable  country  which  surrounds  it,  we  present  that  of  Mr. 
Francis  G.  Dwiglit,  real  estate  agent  and  notary  public,  Reading,  Pa.  This  gentlemen  is  not 
only  willing,  but  respectfully  solicits  correspondence  with  any  one  desiring  information  concerning 
improved  or  unimproved  property,  dwelling-houses  or  stores,  lots  or  farms  in  or  around  the  city  of 
Reading.  He  will  also  give  special  attention  to  any  inquiries  with  reference  to  fruit  lands  (which  are 
of  the  very  best)  in  the  country,  or  concerning  mineral  deposits  and  water-power  in  Berks  Countj'. 
Mr.  D.  will  give  personal,  prompt  attention  to  all  inquiries  or  business  left  in  his  charge,  and  his 
references  are  of  the  very  best. 

Reading  is  provided  with  as  fine  a  quality  of  spring  water  as  any  city  in  the  State,  while  the 
supply  is  supposed  to  be  inexhaustible.  There  are  noted  mineral  springs  in  the  vicinity  to  which 
invalids  resort  with  much  profit.  "White  Spot,"Penn's  Mount,  is  1,000  feet  above  the  river,  from 
which  an  outlook  upon  the  beauties  of  the  surrounding  country  may  be  had,  that  will  richly  reward 
a  visit  to  the  place. 

The  cost  of  living  in  this  city  is  below  that  of  Philadelphia  in  some  respects,  while  in  others 
there  is  no  advantage  except  in  the  fact  that  there  is  always  a  finer,  more  healthful  atmosphere  to 
be  enjoyed. 


LEBANON. 


The  great  mineral  interest  of  the  Lebanon  Valley  forbid  that  we  should  overlook  this  fine  town 
and  capital  of  Lebanon  Co.,  Pa.,  although  we  can  only  give  it  a  very  general  look.  It  is  on  the 
Swatara  River  and  on  the  "  Allentown  Route,"  156  miles  from  New  York.  It  is  a  fine  locality  and 
a  very  healthy  city;  has  a  few  good  Hotels  which  charge  $2  per  day,  the  Central  and  Lebanon  Val- 
ley Hotels  being  the  best.  The  town  has  been  laid  out  about  a  century,  is  well  built  of  mostly 
brick  and  stone  buildings,  and  has  a  present  population  of  over  9,000. 

The  valley  in  which  Lebanon  stands  is  a  very  fertile  limestone  region,  and  contributes  largely 
to  the  prosperity  of  this  city.  The  Union  Canal  and  the  two  lines  of  railroad  which  cross  here  are 
its  commercial  thoroughfares,  and  are  great  auxiliaries  to  its  prosperity.  The  remarkable  iron  de- 
posits known  as  the  Cornwall  Ore  Banks  are  seven  miles  south  of  this  point;  they  consist  of  three 
hills  which  are  masses  of  iron  ore,  yielding  70  per  cent  of  pure  iron  to  the  ton.  Copper  is  also 
found  in  veins  through  the  iron.  The  industries  of  the  people  are  connected  with  the  iron  interests, 
agricultural  pursuits  and  commerce,  and  manufactures  of  a  miscellaneous  nature.  There  are  several 
churches,  public  schools  of  the  best  class,  an  academy,  banks,  insurance  offices,  11  different  news- 
papers published  in  the  place,  and  a  large  number  of  societies  and  associations.  The  continued  de- 
velopment of  the  iron  and  coal  deposits  of  this  portion  of  the  State  will  cause  this  city  to  grow  in 
importance  for  many  years  to  come. 


HOME    BUILDING.  306 


HARRISBURGH. 

The  capital  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  and  county  seat  of  Dauphin  County,  is  beautifully  lo- 
cated on  the  cast  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  about  14  miles  below  the  confluence  of  the  pictur- 
esque Juniata,  is  182  miles  from  New  York,  by  way  of  the  Allentown  Route,  107  from  Philadelphia 
via  Pennsylvania  Central  Railroad.  There  are  railroads  running  out  in  seven  or  eight  directions 
from  this  point,  which,  with  the  canal,  form  a  line  of  commercial  facilities  equal  to  any  point  in  the 
State  except  Philadelphia 

This  fine  capital  was  projected  by  John  Harris  in  1785,  but  was  not  incorporated  as  a  city  until 
1860,  at  which  time  its  population  was  but  13,400,  although  it  had  been  the  capital  of  the  State 
since  1812.  The  past  16  years  has  witnessed  a  spectacle  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  this  city; 
it  has  rapidly  advanced  in  the  multiplication  of  its  numbers,  until  it  now  claims  over  30,000  inhabi- 
tants, and  yet  the  tide  of  its  prosperity  runs  steadily  in  and  up. 

Harrisburgh  stands  upon  high,  well-drained  lands,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  on  a  natural  rolling 
eminence,  care  has  been  taken  to  improve  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  city  where  circumstances 
demanded  it;  although  too  great  care  has  not  been  exercised,  nor  is  it  likely  to  be,  especially  while 
the  place  continues  to  increase  in  numbers  as  it  has  since  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  The  people  of  a 
city  who  refuse  to  thoroughly  sewer,  drain,  and  regularly  disinfect  their  sinks  and  sewers,  because 
of  high  taxation  or  any  other  reason,  are  lost  to  any  true  conception  of  their  actual  monetary  in- 
terests, and  to  the  highest  moral  obligations  that  can  rest  upon  their  souls  in  connection  with  their 
property  interests,  one  which  will  follow  them  with  blight  and  mildew,  dwarf  their  being,  and  ring 
the  agonies  of  slowly,  but  surely,  poisoned  children  and  women  across  their  terror-stricken  senses  at 
a  time  when  there  shall  be  no  hiding-place  for  their  shame.  Harrisburgli  is  also  supplied  with  pure 
river  water,  which  may  be  used  in  abundance  for  all  needful  purposes,  and  it  is  lighted  witli  gas. 
The  healthfulness  of  the  city  and  country  around  it  stands  very  high,  and  great  care  should  be  ex- 
ercised to  maintain  it;  every  sewer  introduced  should  be  constructed  with  a  view  to  its  terminating 
point  from  the  place  of  its  discharge,  all  intersecting  sewers  or  drains  calculated  upon,  and  that  por- 
tion of  it  first  built,  made  of  ample  capacity  and  incline  to  guarantee  its  complete  success  when  it 
shall  all  be  laid,  and  every  lot  along  its  entire  length  drained  into  it  to  the  fullest  extent  that  proba- 
bilities may  require. 

The  Hotels  of  this  place  are  a  good  class;  the  Lochile  House,  $3  per  day,  is  among  the  best, 
and  stands  on  Market  Street,  opposite  the  Court  House;  Bolton's  Hotel  and  the  Kirkwood  House 
are  also  of  the  same  class,  and  charge  $3  a  day. 

The  Industries  of  this  city  are  of  the  same  general  nature  as  those  of  Reading  and  other  towns 
in  the  adjoining  counties — are  largely  connected  with  the  manufacture  of  iron  and  agricultural  com- 
merce. There  are  extensive  Rolling  Mills,  Iron  Furnaces,  Manufacturers  of  Railroatl  Cars,  a  Cotton 
Factory,  Steel  Works,  and  many  other  mills  and  factories.  The  proximity  ol'  this  point  to  the  great 
coal  and  iron  deposits  of  the  State,  and  its  remarkable  railroad  and  canal  facilities  for  transporta- 
tion, makes  its  advantages  for  manufacturing  or  commercial  enterprise  of  a  very  superior  nature, 
while  the  fact  of  its  being  a  State  capital  and  a  county  seat  add  much  to  its  advantages  in  an  ad- 
tising  line. 

Tlie  Institutions  of  Harrisburgh  are  many  and  varied.  Those  connected  with  the  State  and 
County  Government  and  Charities  are  of  the  class  commonly  found  at  such  capitals,  and  are  ably 
conducted.  The  churches  are  numerous,  are  divided  among  most  of  the  more  prominent  sects  of 
tliis  country,  and  some  of  them  have  erected  houses  of  worship  which  honor  the  church  and  city 
alike.  There  are  many  excellent  public  schools,  male  and  female  seminaries,  several  banks  of 
different  natures,  a  well-organized  fire  department,  insurance  companies,  many  lodges  of  different 
secret  societies,  building  and  loan  associations,  and  many  other  organizations  o^  different  charac- 
ters. 


S06  HOMEBUILDING. 

There  are  also  published  in  this  city  eight  Newspapers  and  periodicals,  the  "Telegraph" 
having  the  largest  circulation,  both  as  daily  and  weekly,  the  former  being  nearly  5,000  and  the 
latter  4,000;  it  is  Republican  in  politics.  The  "Church  Advocate  "  has  also  a  weeiily  circulation  of 
nearly  4,000,  and  the  "Temperance  Indicator"  and  "Keystone  Good  Templar"  circulates  about 
3,500.  The  country  around  this  delightful  city  is  beautiful  and  fertile,  and  is  highly  cultivated, 
yielding  generous  returns  to  the  wise  husbandman,  while  the  facilities  and  advantages  for  the  home 
builder  in  Harrisburgh  are  numerous  and  important,  and  those  who  locate  here  should  do  so  expect- 
ing this  city  to  double  its  population  within  the  next  twenty  years,  and  calculate  accordingly. 


LEWISTOWN. 


At  the  outlet  of  the  Kishicoquillas  Valley,  on  the  rugged  banks  of  the  Juniata  River,  at  the 
point  most  desirable  at  which  to  visit  the  above  river  witli  a  view  to  beholding  at  leisure  its  grandly 
picturesque  channel  scenery;  is  243  miles  from  New  York,  168  miles  from  Philadelphia,  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  AUentown  route,  and  was  once  the  home  and  camping  ground  of  the  Indian 
chief,  Logan.  The  Center  County  and  Mifflin  Brancli  Railroads  also  connect  at  this  point.  It  is 
the  county  seat  of  Mifflin  County,  Penn.,  and  is  on  the  Juniata  Canal,  which,  with  its  railroads, 
afford  it  ample  means  of  transportation.  It  was  founded  about  three  quarters  of  a  century  ago,  and 
has  now  about  3,000  inhabitants. 

It  is  situated  among  high  mountainous  hills,  on  a  very  elevated  position,  and  is  a  very  healthy 
town  in  which  to  live.  The  Juniata  and  its  wild  and  varied  scenery  attracts  many  visitors  to  this 
point,  and  there  are  in  consequence  several  fair  Hotels.  The  Coleman  and  National  Houses  charge 
$3  per  day,  while  the  Union  Valley  and  Davies  Houses  charge  $1  50  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  this  town  are  eonnected  with  the  transportation  of,  and  trade  in.  Iron,  Corn, 
Wheat,  Pork,  and  other  natural  and  farm  products,  which  are  quite  extensive,  and  yield  good  re- 
turns, and  there  is  also  a  manufactory  of  Farming  Machinery. 

There  are  several  churches,  public  schools,  an  academy,  banks,  three  or  four  newspapers,  and 
several  other  institutions,  and  the  county  offlces  in  the  town.  Building  and  living  are  both  at 
comparatively  reduced  figures,  while  the  beauties  and  healthfulness  of  the  locality  render  it  very 
desirable  as  a  point  at  which  to  locate  a  home. 


HUNTINGDON. 


This  fine  old  town  is  the  capital  of  Huntingdon  Co.,  Pa.,  and  is  also  situated  on  the  eastern 
bank  of  the  Juniata  River  and  Canal,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  279  miles  from  New  York.  It  is  over 
a  hundred  years  old,  having  been  founded  before  the  Revolution,  and  was  named  for  the  Countess 
of  Huntingdon.  It  is  located  high,  and  at  a  point  convenient  to  inspect  the  grand  beauties  of  the 
fine  mountain  river  on  which  it  stands;  it  has  a  present  population  of  over  5,000,  is  very  Imalthy 
iind  has  five  or  six  Hotels,  among  them  the  Morrison,  Jackson,  and  Lester  Ht)uses,  all  of  which 
charge  $2  per  day,  while  the  Farrier's  Hotel  charges  $  I  50  per  day.  The  Huntingdon  antl  Broad 
Top  Railroad  to  the  Broad  Top  Coal  Mines,  to  Mount  Dallas,  and  to  Bedford  Springs  brandies  off 
at  this  point. 

Large  cargoes  of  Iron,  Grain,  and  other  products  are  shipped  by  way  of  the  canal  at  this  point, 
to  the  different  markets.  There  are  several  bridges  across  the  Juniata  at  this  point,  which  add  to 
the  bold  beauty  of  its  bauks  and  adjacent  scenery.     There  are  about  ten  churqlies  in  the  town  w  liicU 


HOME     BUILDING.  307 

arj  divided  among  the  leading  sects  of  Christians,  and  have  the  usual  number  of  side  institutions. 
There  are  good  public  schools,  an  academy,  a  bank  or  two,  and  five  nevpspapers  published  in  the 
place,  one  semi-weekly,  the  "Local News,"  has  a  circulation  of  over  800;  the  "Huntingdon  Globe," 
Republican,  weekly,  circulates  over  2,100;  the  "  Huntingdon  Journal,"  weekly.  Republican,  circu- 
lates 2,300;  the  "Huntingdon  Monitor,"  weekly,  Democratic,  circulates  1,000-,  the  "Huntingdon 
Pilgrim,"  German,  Baptist,  circulation,  3,667. 

A  manufacturing  interest  of  greater  extent  could  be  established  and  prosecuted  at  this  point,  so 
convenient  to  the  best  coal  mines  in  the  State,  with  many  advantages  in  its  favor. 


ALTOONA. 


This  little  railroad  city  is  located  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  Allegheny  Mountains,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Central  Railroad,  at  a  point  where  a  road  branches  off  to  Hollidaysburgh,  Bedford  Springs, 
and  Cumberland  Gap.  It  is  in  Blair  County,  Pa.,  313  miles  from  New  York — AUentown  Route — 
and  239  miles  from  Philadelphia.  This  town  was  laid  out  in  1840,  has  been  more  large'y  patronized 
by  railroad  works  of  various  characters  than  any  other  point  along  the  route,  and  has  a  present  pop- 
ulation of  11,000.  Tlie  fine  healthy  position  of  this  point  has  been  a  great  power  in  pushing  for- 
ward its  population,  while  the  fact  of  its  being  under  the  evening  sliadow  of  a  great  mountain  chain, 
contributes  to  its  popularity  for  "  Home  Building."  The  Logan  House  is  the  principal  Hotel  in  the 
place,  and  it  charges  $3  per  day. 

Altoona  contains  about  fifteen  churches,  several  public  scliools  and  a  high  school,  two  or  three 
banks,  insurance  offices,  building  and  loan  associations,  and  many  other  institutions  of  various 
natures  and  aims.  There  are  located  here  very  extensive  machine  shops  belonging  to  the  railroad 
company,  where  locomotives  and  cars  are  manufactured  in  great  numbers,  and  repairs  made.  There 
are  also  other  manufaccuring  interests  of  sundry  characters  in  the  place,  and  a  large  and  growing 
commerce  in  iron,  coal  and  agricultural  products.  A  few  miles  west  of  this  town,  the  grandest 
mountain  scenery  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  occurs,  where  an  engineering  feat,  only  surpassed 
by  that  which  scaled  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  was  performed  in  constructing  this  road. 

There  arc  four  newspapers  published  in  Altoona. 


Cresson  Springs,  in  Cambria  Co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penns^'l van ia  Central  Railroad,  327  miles  from 
New  York,  and  14  miles  west  of  Altoona,  is  on  the  top  of  the  Alleghenies,  over  3,000  feet  above 
the  sea  level,  and  is  principally  popular  as  a  resort  for  invalids  and  for  summering  purposes.  There 
are  extensive  hotel  accommodations,  and  many  neat  cottages  provided  for  the  accommodation  of 
guests.  This  high  position,  together  with  the  mineral  water  obtained  here,  proves  to  be  very  in- 
vigorating and  beneficial  to  persons  suffering  from  chronic  diseases,  malarious  infections,  and  pul- 
monary complaints.  The  Montour  House  is  the  principal  hotel,  and  is  very  well  kept;  charges  $4 
per  day.     Lovers  of  grand  mountnin  views  can  be  gratified  in  this  locality. 


Greensburgh,  the  county  capital  of  Westmoreland  County,  Penn.,  is  398.  miles  from  New 
York  by  the  Pennsylvania  Central  Railroad,  and  31  miles  east  of  Pittsburgh.      This  town  was 


308  HOME     BUILDING. 

founded  something  over  half  a  century  ago,  and  has  a  population  of  less  than  3,000.  It  is  a  healthy 
locality,  and  has  a  few  good  hotels  which  charge  $3  per  day,  among  them  the  Zimmerman  and 
Laird  Houses. 

The  country  surrounding  this  town  is  a  fine  agricultural  region,  and  coal  of  a  good  quality 
abounds  in  all  parts  of  the  county. 

The  Court  House  is  an  extensive  stone  edifice,  and  there  are  churches,  good  schools,  banks,  and 
other  valuable  institutions,  and  also  four  newspapers  published  in  the  place.  In  the  yard  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  stands  a  monument  to  Major-Gen.  Arthur  St.  Clair,  a  British  officer  who  bad 
charge  of  Fort  Legonier,  "in  good  Old  Colony  times." 


PITTSBURGH. 


This  industrial  city  is  perhaps  more  widely  known  than  any  other  of  its  size  in  this  country, 
and  it  is  hardly  needful  that  we  enter  into  any  detailed  account  of  its  maze  of  manufacturing 
enterprises  already  so  thoroughly  advertised,  although  we  do  propose  to  give  a  general  sketch  of 
them  and  of  the  locality. 

Pittsburgh  is  at  the  head  of  the  Ohio  River  and  confluence  of  the  Monongahela  and  Alleghany 
Rivers,  which,  embracing  each  other  at  this  point,  flow  away  toward  the  "West  to  form  the  "Beau- 
tiful River"  of  the  Aborigines.  It  is  the  capital  of  Alleghany  Co.,  Penn.;  is  a  port  of  entry  ;  a 
railroad,  canal,  and  river  center,  only  second  to  one  other  in  the  State,  and  is  430  miles  from  New 
York,  by  way  of  the  Pennsylvania  Central  Railroad.  It  is  355  miles  from  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  and 
313  from  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  It  occupies  the  site  of  an  old  French  trading  post,  known  130  years  ago 
as  Fort  du  Quesne.  An  English  expedition ,  under  the  command  of  General  Forbes,  captured  this 
place  in  1758  from  the  French  and  their  Indian  allies,  and  upon  entering  it  on  the  25th  of  Novem- 
ber in  that  year,  by  general  acclamation,  proclaimed  its  name  to  be  Pittsburgh,  in  honor  of  William 
Pitt,  then  England's  beloved  Prime  Minister.  The  place  began  to  be  settled  as  a  town  in  1765,  and 
became  a  county  seat  in  1791.  It  was  incorporated  in  1804,  and  chartered  as  a  city  in  1816.  Like 
almost  all  the  great  cities  of  this  country,  Pittsburgh  fell  under  the  ban  of  the  fire  fiend,  and  on 
April  10,  1845,  a  great  part  of  it  was  swept  away  by  the  besom  of  the  flame,  which  devoured 
$9,000,000  worth  of  property,  and  turned  thousands  of  men,  women  and  children  into  the  wide, 
wide  world,  houseless  and  penniless.  But,  also,  like  those  other  cities  which  in  their  day  have 
fallen  in  the  same  disastrous  manner,  Pittsburgh  leaped  from  her  ashes  with  marvelous  energy;  and, 
rapidly  rebuilding  her  consumed  temples  of  trade,  dwelling  and  worship,  she  has  swept  on  up  the 
scale  of  population  from  about  22,000,  which  she  possessed  at  the  time  of  her  calamity,  until  she 
now  points  grandly,  but  quietly,  to  the  round  number  of  about  185,000  inhabitants,  and  over  half  a 
thousand  extensive  manufacturing  establishments. 

The  healthfulness  of  this  point  has  always  been  fair;  the  city  stands  on  grounds  easily  and  well- 
drained,  and  care  has  been  taken  to  build  and  extend  a  thorough  sewerage  system  as  the  place  in- 
creased in  dimensions.  Among  the  Hotels,  the  Monongahela  and  Robinson  Houses  charge  $4  per 
day;  the  Union  Depot  Hotel,  $3  50;  St.  Clair  Hotel,  $2  50,  and  St.  Nicholas  Hotel,  $2  per  day.  The 
St.  James  Hotel  and  the  Bush  House  are  on  the  European  plan. 

Industries.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Pittsburgh  ar«  inexhaustible  deposits  of  Iron,  Coal 
and  other  rich  natural  products,  which  form  the  basis  of  industrial  enterprises  marvelous  in  its  ex- 
tent and  variety,  and  affording  c(mstant  and  profitable  employment  to  thousands  of  men  and 
women.  The  total  amount  of  bituminous  coal  mined  in  this  section  of  the  State,  and  annually  con- 
sumed in  and  exported  from  this  city,  by  canal,  river,  and  railroads,  amounts  to  over  sis  millions 
pf  tons. 


IIOISIE      BUILDING.  3G9 

TIk'  iron  and  steel  manufacturing  concerns,  machine  shops  and  founderies  are  scores  in  num- 
bers, and  some  of  them  are  so  extensive  as  to  cover  about  twenty  acres  of  ground. 

It  is  claimed  that  about  one-half  the  glass  factories  of  the  United  States  are  located  here,  which 
produce  about  $6,000,000  worth  of  glass  of  the  many  varieties  annually,  and  giving  employment  to 
about  5,000  workmen.  Oil  is  also  a  wonderful  lubricator  of  enterprise  at  this  point,  which  amounts 
to  about  $12,000,000  a  year,  and  employs  thousands  of  people  in  its  production  and  manipulation. 
There  are  in  the  vicinity  of  Pittsburgh  about  sixty  Flouring  Mills,  a  large  number  of  Cotton, 
Woolen  and  other  mills;  some  of  the  oldest  and  best  known  manufacturers  of  Agricultural  Machinery 
and  implements  in  the  States,  extensive  Brass  and  Copper  Founderies  and  manufacturing  concerns, 
Paint,  Coffee,  and  other  mills,  Chemical  Works,  Rifle-barrel,  Lock,  Soda  and  Whitelead  Factories, 
and  a  groat  host  of  other  mills  and  factories  engaged  in  producing  almost  every  description  of 
articles  known  to  the  wants  of  "Home  Building,"  or  to  the  lists  of  mercantile  enterprises. 

There  are  many  salt  wells  m  the  vicinity  of  this  point,  which  yield  annually  many  thousand 
bushels  of  salt,  and  also  several  large  steam  tanneries.  The  commercial  facilities  which  Pittsburgh 
enjoys  for  carrying  forward  so  varied  and  extensive  manufacturing  industry,  in  connection  with  her 
extensive  railroad  systems,  canals  and  river  lines,  are  equal  to  those  of  almost  any  other  inland  city 
in  the  United  States,  while  the  fact  of  her  having  at  her  own  door  coal,  iron  ores,  salt,  petroleum, 
and  many  other  natural  products,  and  of  her  being  within  easy  reach  of  the  great  eastern  markets, 
makes  the  desirableness  of  her  position  for  the  prosecution  of  such  enterprises  inferior  to  none. 

Institutions.  This  great  busy,  smoking  city  (proper)  has  within  her  midst  nearly  200  churches, 
with  their  scores  of  accompanying  organizations,  and  they  are  the  "  salt"  of  the  place.  The  public 
schools  are  in  the  usual  proportion,  and  of  the  class  commonly  found  in  such  cities  of  this  country; 
beside  there  are  excellent  high  schools  and  private  institutions  of  learning;  a  long  and  honored  list 
of  benevolent,  charitable,  beneficial  and  scientific  institutions,  banks,  insurance  offices,  public 
libraries,  and  about  42  newspapers  and  periodicals  in  the  place. 


Allegheny,  or  Allegheny  City,  is  the  most  important  suburb  of  Pittsburgh;  it  is  on  the  western 
side  of  the  Allegheny  River,  and  is  reached  by  splendid  bridges;  it  is,  in  fact,  to  Pittsburgh  what 
Brooklyn  is  to  New  York,  the  city  in  which  a  large  majority  of  the  merchants  and  manufacturers 
of  the -locality  have  chosen  to  build  up  their  homes,  and  is  the  seat  of  several  fine  institutions  of 
learning.  It  was  laid  out  March  12, 1783,  became  a  borough  April  14,  1828,  incorporated  April  14, 
1840;  its  growth  has  followed  that  of  Pittsburgh,  and  it  has  now  a  population  of  60,000.  The  health  of 
this  point  has  been  generally  good,  and  it  contains  a  large  number  of  elegant  residences  and  pleasant 
cottages.  The  Central  Hotel,  $3  to  $4  per  day,  is  the  leading  hotel  of  the  place,  the  Grant  House 
and  Diamond  Hotel  charge  $2  50  per  day  each.  Although  this  may  be  said  to  be  a  city  of  residence 
for  Pittsburghers,  yet  there  are  several  heavy  manufacturing  concerns  within  its  limits,  among 
them  Railroad  Shops,  Rolling  Mills,  Founderies,  the  United  States  Arsenal,  and  many  other  estab- 
lishments of  different  characters. 

There  are  about  100  churches  here,  splendid  public  schools,  and  two  or  three  theological  sem- 
inaries, mostly  connected  with  the  different  branches  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

For  detail  items  with  reference  to  any  points  in  Allegheny  County,  we  are  happy  to  be  able  to 
refer  our  readers  to  Mr.  H.  T.  Price  «&  Son,  wholesale  and  retail  tlealers  in  agricultural  implements, 
seeds,  &:c.,  32  and  34  Ohio  Street,  Allegheny,  Pa.  These  gentlemen  will  transmit  any  information 
with  reference  to  lots,  lands,  or  goods,  and  will  attend  promptly  and  faithfully  to  any  business  left 
in  their  charge. 

There  is  one  daily  newspaper,  the  "Evening  Mail,"  published  in  Allegheny  City,  and  one 
weekly,  the  "Journal." 

The  liability  of  the  Ohio  River  to  fall  in  the  different  seagons  to  such  a  low  stage  of  water  has 


SIO  HOME     BTTILDING. 

been  found  to  militate  very  much  against  the  commercial  enterprises  of  this  locality,  and  there  is 
now  under  contemplation  a  system  of  slack-water  navigation  along  the  Ohio  which  will,  no  doubt, 
be  put  into  successful  operation  by  this  busy,  energetic  people  within  a  very  few  years,  and  when 
completed  will  add  greatly  to  the  prosperity  of  all  concerned.  Pittsburgh  and  her  suburbs  must 
join  with  other  great  cities,  especially  Cincinnati,  in  discovering  some  practical  method  of  extract- 
ing the  smoke  and  soot  from  the  bituminous  coal  they  use  to  such  an  enormous  extent  as  to  blacken 
the  very  heavens  over  them  to  a  hight  that  can  be  seen,  at  some  times  and  points,  100  miles  dis- 
tant. When  they  shall  accomplish  this,  they  will  be  surprised  to  find  they  have  a  locality  as  rare 
for  natural  beauty  and  loveliness  as  it  is  wonderful  in  natural  products,  and  advantages  for  manu- 
facturing and  commercial  enterprise. 


ROCHESTER. 

This  is  a  flourishing  town,  25  miles  west  of  Pittsburgh,  on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Bever  Creek,  and  on  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  and  Chicago  Railroad,  in  Beaver  County,  Pa.  It 
was  incorporated  as  a  borough  in  1849,  and  has  a  population  at  this  time  of  2,400.  It  is  a  pleasantly 
located  town,  possessing  good  advantages  for  drainage,  and  has  proved  to  be  very  healthy.  It  has 
all  the  advantages  of  railroad  and  river  transportation;  is  a  point  at  which  a  considerable  amount 
of  travel  haults,  and  has  two  fair  Hotels — the  Doncaster  House  and  the  St.  James  Hotel ;  rates,  $3 
per  day.  The  surrounding  country  is  a  good  farming  district,  producing  large  quantities  of  wheat, ' 
corn,  oats,  hay  and  other  articles,  all  of  which  find  a  good  and  ready  market  here  and  a'  Pitts- 
burgh, and  aid  materially  in  the  general  prosperty  of  Rochester.  Lots  in  this  town  vary  in  prices 
from  $100  to  $1,000  per  city  lot,  all  being  well  drained.  Mr.  Charles  B.  Hurst,  notary  public,  life, 
fire  and  accident  insurance,  and  real  estate  agent;  also,  agent  for  the  Anchor  and  National  Lines  of 
ocean  steamers,  and  the  Adams  and  Union  Express  Cos.,  Rochester,  Pa.,  is  especially  recommended 
by  us  to  all  wishing  to  locate  there,  or  to  gain  any  valuable  information  with  reference  to  the  point, 
as  a  gentlemen  who  is  able  and  willing  to  impart  such  facts,  and  to  whom  any  may  applj"  with 
profit  for  aid  in  locating  lots  or  farms,  or  placing  insurance  at  this  point. 

The  Industries  of  this  people  are  in  connection  with  the  manufacture  of  Lumber,  a  Coffin 
Factory,  Glass  Works,  a  Plow  Factory,  several  Brick  Works,  and  other  interests.  The  river  and 
railroads  afford  ample  means  for  sending  all  manufactured  articles  to  the  different  great  markets, 
and  bringing  in  supplies. 

The  Institutions  of  the  place  consist  in  seven  churches  of  different  Christian  denominations, 
five  fine  schools,  and  a  number  of  other  organizations.  The  cost  of  living  is  low,  rents  moderate, 
and  fair  premises  to  be  obtained.  The  place  has  been  growing  finely  the  past  few  years,  and  there 
is  but  little  doubt  that  it  will  grow  to  be  a  city  of  several  times  its  present  population  within  the 
next  quarter  of  a  century.  There  arc  five  weekly  newspapers  published  in  Beaver  County,  all  of 
wliich  are  fairly  supported,  and  Rochester  is  the  headquarters  of  one  of  the  best. 


SALEM. 

Located  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio;  it  is  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  agricultural  country,  and  one  that 
abounds  in  native  facilities  for  "  Home  Building  "  in  a  very  full  degree.  It  is  on  the  Pittsburgh, 
Fort  Wayne  and  Chicago  Railroad,  501  miles  from  New  York.  It  was  laid  out  about  60  yeai-s  ago, 
and,  since  the  railroad  crossed  its  threshold,  has  become  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  flourishing 


ItOMK    BUILD  IN  a.  Sll 

places  in  the  eastern  part  of  Ohio  on  that  road,  and  has  a  population  at  present  numbering  over 
5,000.  The  place  is  healthy,  well  drained,  and  has  a  few  pleasant  Hotels — the  Dellenbaugh  House, 
$2  per  day,  and  Tollerton  House  $1  per  day.  There  is  here  a  lively  manufacturing  interest  which 
appears  to  be  disposed  to  grow  and  flourish  to  a  large  degree.  Among  the  producers  are  those  man- 
ufacturing Mowing  and  Reaping  Machines,  Steam  Engines  and  other  Machinery,  Stone  Ware,  Axes, 
and  there  are  also  good  Flouring  Mills  and  other  establishments. 

Among  the  institutions  are  about  eight  churches,  two  Friends  meeting-houses,  several  excellent 
schools,  two  or  three  banks,  and  several  organizations  of  different  natures  and  aims,  and  five  news- 
papers— one  being  a  daily  and  one  a  farmer's  paper.  The  "  Willamette  Farmer  "  has  a  circulation 
of  about  2,400.  The  commercial  intercourse  with  the  farming  community  of  the  surrounding 
country  is  an  important  part  of  the  enterprise  of  this  point,  and  there  are  in  the  place  about  one 
hundred  stores,  which  are  apparentlj'  doing  a  satisfactory  business,  while  the  popularity  of  its  man- 
ufactures are  gradually  widening  their  circle. 


CANTON. 

This  fine  little  city  is  the  capital  of  Stark  Co.,  Ohio.  It  is  located  on  Nimishillen  Creek,  which 
affords  a  very  considerable  wat?er-power  privilege,  and  on  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  and  Chicago 
Railroad,  533  miles  from  New  York.  The  richness  of  the  farms  of  this  country  and  the  exten- 
sive deposits  of  coals  and  limestone  found  in  the  vicinity  of  this  place  have  been  largely  the  agents 
in  bringing  about  so  prosperous  a  condition  as  to  run  its  population  up  to  about  12,000  at  the  present 
time.  The  drainage  of  the  town  is  very  good,  and  a  considerable  care  has  been  had  to  the  sanitary 
welfare  of  the  place,  so  that  there  are  few  of  its  nature  and  population  which  enjoy  so  great  a  de- 
gree of  Tualthfulness. 

The  manufactures,  mining  and  farming  interest,  with  the  county  offices  and  county  courts, 
bring  a  large  number  of  guests  to  the  hotels  of  Canton,  which  are  of  the  usual  class  for  such  towns. 
Among  them  are  the  St.  Cloud  Hotel,  $2  per  day,  the  Ogden  House,  $2  to  $2  50  per  day,  the  Ameri- 
can Hotel,  $2,  and  the  Jackson  Hotel,  $1  per  day. 

Among  the  Industrial  Enterprises  are  Machine  Shops,  Founderies,  Manufacturers  of  Reapers 
and  Mowers,  Woolen  Factories,  Reaper  Knives,  Grain  Mills,  and  other  concerns. 

There  are  the  County  Buildings  and  lustitutious  in  this  seat  of  Justice,  about  15  churches, 
splendid  public  schools,  graded  after  the  usual  manner  in  Ohio,  a  popular  academy,  three  or  four 
banks,  insurance  offices,  several  beneficial  societies,  other  organizations,  and  three  flourishing  news- 
papers. 

Stark  County  at  one  time  had  the  reputation  of  shipping  more  grain,  which  it  did  by  way  of  the 
Ohio  Canal,  eight  miles  from  this  point,  than  any  other  county  in  the  State,  and  the  fertility  of  its 
soil  is  not  greatly  deteriorated. 


WOOSTER. 


Five  hundred  and  sixty-six  miles  from  New  York,  on  the  line  of  the  Pittsburgh,  Port  Wayne 
and  Chicago  Railroad,  leaving  New  York,  via  the  "  Allentown  Route,"  on  a  high,  beautiful  site,  a 
little  west  of  the  center  of  Wayne  Co.,  Ohio,  of  which  it  is  the  county  seat.  It  was  projected  in 
1808,  and,  on  account  of  tlie  superior  quality  of  the  land  in  that  quarter  of  llie  State,  it  has  been  an 
important  town  for  over  half  a  century,  although  its  greatest  growth  luis  occurred  since  the  con- 


312  HOME     BITILDIN"^. 

struction  of  the  railroad,  which  now  feeds  its  flame  of  progress,  and  its  present  population  is  about 
7,000.  Wooster  stands  on  the  high  lands  that  form  part  of  the  water-divide  between  those  which  flow 
to  Lake  Erie  and  those  which  flow  to  the  Ohio  River,  on  Killbuck  Creek,  and  overlooks  a  wide  ex- 
panse of  the  surrounding  country.  It  is  a  well-drained,  healthy  town,  and  possesses  several  Hotels, 
among  which  we  will  name  the  American  House,  $2  50  per  day,  the  "Washington  House,  %\  50,  and 
St.  George's  Hotel,  $2  per  day. 

The  manufacturing  Industries  of  this  town  have  also  undergone  a  radical  revolution  since  the 
banishment  of  the  old  staging  process,  and  the  introduction  of  the  steel  rail  and  the  steam  horse. 
Formerly,  carriages,  wagons,  threshing  machines,  and  other  farming  utensils,  were  the  principal 
articles  manufactured  here;  while  now,  there  are  heavy  machine  shops  and  other  concerns  turning 
out  a  large  variety  of  useful  and  ornamental  articles  of  trade  and  commerce.  There  are  about  15 
churches,  several  public  schools,  a  female  seminary,  two  or  three  banks,  and  all  the  county  courts, 
and  institutions,  in  and  around  the  place,  and  three  newspapers  published  in  the  town;  the  "Wayne 
County  Democrat,"  circulating  2,160;  and  the  "Wooster  Republican,"  circulating  1,632,  and  the 
"  University  Review,"  monthly. 


LIMA. 

Among  the  earliest  settled  places  in  Allen  Co.,  Ohio,  was  Lima,  her  seat  of  justice.  It  is  lo- 
cated on  the  Ottawa  River,  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  agricultural  section  of  the  State,  692  miles  from 
New  York  on  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  "Wayne  and  Chicago  Railroad,  at  the  point  where  it  crosses  the 
Dayton  and  Michigan  Railroad. 

The  healthfulness  of  this  town  has  proved  very  satisfactory,  and,  since  the  construction  of  the 
lines  of  railroad  which  are  now  its  main  life-giving  power,  the  population  has  very  much  increased, 
until  it  is  about  7,000,  and  there  appears  tobe  acontinous,  healthy,  forward  movement.  The  princi- 
pal Hotels  in  Lima  are  the  Burnett  and  the  Lima  Houses,  both  charging  $2  per  day. 

The  Industrial  Enterprises  of  the  place  embrace  Iron  Founderies,  Machine  Shops,  several  mills 
and  manufacturing  concerns,  and  a  very  prosperous  commerce  of  considerable  extent  is  maintained 
with  the  surrounding  country,  which  is  settled  by  a  thriving  class  of  farmers,  and  yeilds  a  generous 
reward  for  the  means  and  pains  bestowed  upon  it.  The  Lake  Erie  and  Louisville  RailDad  also 
passes  through  this  town,  and,  when  it  shall  be  fully  completed  and  in  prosperous  running  order,  it 
will  add  materially  to  the  enterprises  of  Lima.  There  are  about  a  dozen  churches,  fine  public 
schools,  an  excellent  high  school,  and  a  number  of  societies  and  other  organizations  of  different 
characters,  which,  with  those  established  and  maintained  by  the  county,  complete  the  Institutions 
of  the  place. 


FORT   WAYNE. 

This  well-known  railroad  center  is  built  upon  the  site  of  one  of  the  villages  of  the  Miamis,  a 
brave  and  warlike  tribe  of  Indians,  which,  150  years  ago,  were  the  monarchs  of  a  large  part  of 
Western  Ohio  and  Eastern  Indiana,  but  whose  songs  of  war  and  peace  have  long  since  waned  and 
ceased,  and  whose  deep  shadowed  forests  and  favored  hunting  grounds  have  been  transformed 
into  fields  of  waving  corn  and  broad  meadows  of  fragrant  clover.  Fort  Wayne  is  751  miles  from 
New  York,  and  183  miles  from  Chicago,  on  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  and  Chicago  Railroad.  It 
is  at  the  point  of  coHflueace  of  the  St.  Mary's  and  St.  Joseph's  Rivers,  which  embrace  at  this  point, 


HOME     BUILDING.  313 

to  babble  down  to  the  Lake  under  the  name  of  the  Maumee,  and  is  the  county  seat  of  Allen  County, 
Indiana.  The  comparative  elevation  of  the  site  of  this  town  is  so  great  as  to  have  won  for  it  the  title 
of  "  Summit  City;"  it  derives  its  name  from  the  old  fort  which  Gen.  Wayne  ordered  built  in  1794, 
upon  the  site  of  the  demolished  Indian  village  of  "Twightwee,"  and  which  was  not  abandoned  as  a 
military  post  until  1819,  at  which  time  it  had  grown  to  be  a  considerable  town. 

The  Wabash  and  Erie  Canal  passes  through  the  place,  and  has  been  a  fruitful  means  of  com- 
mercial enterprise,  but  not  until  after  the  completion  of  railroad  lines  which  connect  Fort  Wayne  with 
Chicago,  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  and  other  great  business  centers,  did  its  vigorous  growth  begin.  In 
1860,  its  population  was  about  9,000,  but  since  that  time  it  has  gone  ahead,  like  many  other  places 
developed  through  railroad  enterprise,  until  it  now  claims  over  30,000  inhabitants,  and  is  still 
growing  and  spreading  in  a  manner  indicative  of  a  brilliant  future. 

The  Tiealthfulness  of  this  city  is  good,  and,  since  care  has  been  more  fully  exercised  with  refer- 
ence to  sanitary  laws,  malarious  fevers  and  their  attendant  symptoms  have  about  vanished  from 
the  place. 

The  leading  Hotel  is  the  Aveline  House,  $3  per  day;  the  Mayer  House  charges  $2  50  per  day, 
and  the  Robinson,  Gibson,  and  Central  Houses  charge  $3  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Fort  Wayne  are,  and  always  have  been,  largely  of  a  commercial  nature;  the 
canal,  and  many  plank-roads  serving,  in  the  former  times,  as  thoroughfares  over  which  to  carry  on 
exchange,  and  the  eight  or  ten  different  railroad  lines,  which  in  these  latter  times  converge  upon 
this  point,  have  only  served  to  increase  and  facilitate  that  exchange  a  thousand  degrees.  There  is 
now  springing  up  manufacturing  interest' of  different  natures,  which  will,  no  doubt,  in  a  few  years 
become  active  agents  among  the  wealth-producing  powers  of  this  city. 

The  Institutions  of  Fort  Wayne  are  also  developing  with  that  alacrity  characteristic  of  western 
activity  and  progress  of  thought.  There  are  already  a  large  number  of  churches,  of  the  different 
Christian  denominations,  prominent  among  which  are  the  Methodist,  and  which  are  accompanied 
by  the  usual  side  organizations  for  religious  and  social  growth.  There  are  the  best  of  public  and 
private  schools,  a  Methodist  Female  College,  several  banks,  insurance  offices,  and  all  the  county 
institutions.  Eight  newspapers  are  published  in  the  place,  one  morning,  three  evening,  three 
weeklies,  and  one  monthly. 


PLYMOUTH. 


This  flourishing  little  city  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  northern  band  of  the  Yellow  River,  and 
is  the  capital  of  Marshall  Co.,  Indiana.  It  is  on  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  and  Chicago  Railroad, 
where  crossed  by  the  Chicago,  Cincinnati,  and  Louisville  Railroad,  65  miles  west  of  Fort  Wayne,  84 
east  of  Chicago,  and  815  from  New  York,  "Allentown  Route."  It  was  projected  in  1836;  at  the  found- 
ing of  the  county  seat,  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1873,  and  has  a  population  at  this  time  of  4,000. 
In  order  to  give  an  idea  of  how  steadily  and  rapidly  this  fertile  region  of  the  State  has  been  taken 
up  and  brought  under  the  harrow  and  the  scythe,  we  give  the  census  of  the  county  since  1836,  viz. : 
in  that  year  (1836)  there  were  in  Marshall  Co\inty  600  souls;  in  1840,  1,341;  in  1850,  5,600;  in  18C0, 
12,717;  in  1870,  20,211;  and  in  1875,  25,000.  These  figures  are  more  potent  in  establishing  the  fact 
that  the  place  is  prosperous  and  healthy  than  anything  we  could  offer.  The  best  Hotel  in  the  city 
is  the  Parker  House,  $2  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Plymouth  are  largely  of  a  commercial  nature  and  connected  with  the  agri- 
cultural interests  of  the  county.  There  are,  however,  good  facilities  for  manufacturing  at  this 
point,  especially  in  any  line  requiring  the  use  of  black-walnut  and  ash  timber,  as  it  is  one  of  the 
best  markets  for  obtaining  tlioso  iind  otlier  hard-woods  there  is  to  be  found  in  the  West,  and  a  large 
lumber  trade  is  earned  on  licrc.  The  majority  of  the  lands  in  this  section  are  a  rich  sandy  loam, 
and  the  produce  of  wheat  and  corn  is  wonderful,  while  the  crops  are  said  to  never  fail. 


^14  HOME     BUILDlK<i. 

The  Institutions  of  this  town  are  in  a  prosperous  condition,  and  are  growing  in  importance  and 
numbers.  There  are  six  churches,  fine  public  schools,  a  high  school,  much  praised,  and  two 
seminaries,  two  banks,  a  number  of  various  organizations,  and  tlie  county  courts  and  institutions. 
Among  the  advantages  for  building  can  be  named  the  fact  that  timber  is  abundant  and  cheap, 
the  best  of  brick  are  made  throughout  the  county,  and  labor  averages  very  low  as  can  be  seen  in 
our  tables. 

The  Cost  of  Living  in  Plymouth  may  be  easily  reckoned  from  the  following  figures:  Dwelling- 
houses  rent  from  $12  per  month;  flour  of  the  best  brand  is  worth  $3  25  per  hundred;  potatoes,  25 
cents  per  bushel,  and  all  other  products  in  proportion.  Lots  are  to  be  had  at  very  low  rates,  and 
all  are  dry  and  well  drained,  the  best  location  being  South  Plymouth,  and,  as  this  fine  town  and 
country  possesses  many  advantages  which  should  attract  the  attention  of  the  home  builder,  we  wish 
to  recommend  any  who  may  desire  particular  information,  or  to  locate  lots  or  lands,  and  wish  aid  in 
so  doing,  to  Mr.  Chas  Whitmore,  dealer  in  music,  fire  and  life  insurance  agent,  &c.,  Plymouth,  Ind. 
There  are  two  newspapers  published  in  this  city,  one  of  them,  the  "Plymouth  Democrat,"  is  the 
oldest  and  most  ably  conducted  paper  in  this  section  of  the  State,  and  it  has  a  large  circulation, 
which  makes  it  a  valuable  advertising  medium  in  this  part  of  the  county.  We  give  the  following 
historical  sketch  in  connection  with  this  locality,  because  it  is  true  and  conveys  a  striking  and  char- 
acteristic illustration  of  how  the  white  man  has  proceeded  throughout  to  dispose  of  the  Aborigines 
and  take  possession  of  his  domain: 

Marshall  County  was  a  part  of  the  territory  belonging  to  the  Menomine  tribes  of  Pottawattamie 
Indians,  and  included  in  the  Government  purchase  under  the  treaty  of  Tippecanoe  River,  made  in 
1832.  Menomine  was  head  chief  of  his  tribe,  and  was  as  fine  a  specimen  of  physical  manhood  as  the 
Aborigines  produced.  He  steadily  refused  to  cede  his  lands,  and  the  Government  agents  contrived 
to  get  a  number  of  the  young  chiefs  intoxicated,  and,  when  they  signed  the  treaty,  had  Menomine's 
name  added,  in  plain  English.  His  name  was  a  forgery;  he  refused  to  leave,  and  after  several 
efforts  to  treat,  he  was  finally  taken  away  by  force.  When  the  time  arrived  for  the  Indians  to  leave 
for  th(j  lands  allotted  them  west  of  the  Mississippi,  according  to  the  fraudulent  treaty,  several  coun- 
cils were  held  in  which  Menomine  was  urged  to  consent  to  the  treaty,  and  in  which  he  persistently 
refused.  At  the  last  council,  held  near  Twin  Lakes,  when  General  Pepper  made  his  final  appeal 
and  threat  of  force,  and  all  had  finished  their  say,  Menomine  arose  to  his  feet,  and  drawing  liia 
costly  blanket  about  him,  his  white  head  towering  above  all  around  him,  said  in  substance  : 

"The  President  does  not  know  the  truth.  He,  like  me,  has  been  imposed  upon.  He  does  not 
know  that  your  treaty  is  a  lie,  and  that  I  never  signed  it.  He  does  not  know  that  you  made  my 
young  men  drunk  and  got  their  consent,  and  pretended  to  get  mine.  He  does  not  know  that  I  have 
refused  to  sell  my  lands,  and  still  refuse.  He  would  not  by  force  drive  me  from  my  home,  the  graves 
01  my  tribe  and  my  children  who  have  gone  to  the  Great  Spirit,  nor  allow  j^ou  to  tell  me  your 
braves  will  take  me,  tied  like  a  dog,  if  he  knew  the  truth.  My  brother,  the  President,  is  just  ;  but 
he  listens  to  the  word  of  his  young  chiefs  who  have  lied  ;  and  when  he  knows  the  truth  he  will  leave 
me  to  my  own.  I  have  not  sold  my  lands.  I  will  not  sell  them.  I  have  not  signed  any  treaty,  and 
I  shall  not  si"-n  any.  I  am  not  going  to  leave  my  lands,  and  I  do  not  want  to  hear  any  more  about 
it."  And  amid  the  applause  of  the  chiefs  he  sat  down.  Spoken  in  the  peculiar  style  of  the  Indian 
orator,  with  an  eloquence  of  which  Logan  would  have  been  proud,  his  presence  the  personification 
of  dignity,  it  presented  one  of  those  rare  occasions  of  which  history  gives  but  few  instances,  and  on 
the  man  of  true  appreciation  would  have  made  a  profound  impression. 

But  alas  !  it  fell  on  ears  as  senseless  as  those  of  the  dead,  and  the  aged  Menomine  and  his 
people  were  carried  like  .so  many  cattle,  guarded  by  soldiers  and  the  militia,  called  out  for  that  pur- 
pose, and  soon  taken  by  force  to  the  far  off  Western  wilderness,  from  whence  he  hav  long  since  de- 
parted to  the  Spirit  Land,  whither  most  of  his  people  have  followed  him.  In  May,  1838,  the  immi- 
gration was  forced,  and  in  1840,  the  last  of  the  ir.bo  was  removed,  and  Menomine's  beautiful  home 
in  Marshall  County  has  been  converted  into  fields  of  corn  and  clover. 


liOifE     BUILDING.  ^1^ 


CATASAUQUA. 

This  industrial  town  is  on  the  Lehigh  Road,  108  miles  from  New  York,  via  New  Jersey  Central 
and  Lehigh  Valley  Railroads,  56  miles  from  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  three  from  AUentown,  in  Lehigh 
Co.,  Pa.  This  town  was  projected  at  the  time  of  building  the  first  furnace  in  1839,  the  place  being 
almost  uninhabited  at  that  time.  The  present  population  within  the  corporate  limits  is  something 
over  3,000,  which  are  largely  decendants  of  Welch  people.  The  place  is  very  liealthy,  and  is  still 
honored  by  the  presence  of  Mr.  David  Thomas,  the  first  successful  operator  of  an  anthracite  furnace 
in  America,  which  was  erected  here.  Mr.  Thomas  is  over  85  years  of  age,  and  is  hale  and  hearty. 
The  Catasauqua  and  Mansion  Houses,  $2  per  day,  are  tlie  best  Hotels. 

Industries.  This  town  is  in  the  midst  of  great  iron  deposits,  and  is  but  35  miles  from  the 
Lehigh  coal  mines.  There  are  a  large  number  of  Iron  Furnaces,  Rolling  Mills  and  other  iron  man- 
ufacturing establishments,  and  also  other  manufacturing  concerns  springing  up  in  the  place  of 
different  characters.  Places  to  rent  in  Catasauqua  are  not  very  plentiful,  and  range  in  prices  from 
$6  to  $20  per  month. 

Institutions!  There  are  eleven  churches  of  different  denominations,  the  best  of  public  and 
private  schools,  banks,  and  insurance  offices,  and  two  newspapers  published  in  the  place — the 
"Valley  Record,"  circulation,  300,  and  the  "Catasauqua  Dispatch,"  circulation  over  500.  The 
"  Dispatch  "  is  owned  and  edited  by  Mr.  Edmund  Randall;  it  is  independent  in  politics,  largely  de- 
voted to  local,  county  and  general  news,  and  is  a  first-class  advertising  medium  in  Lehigh  County. 
Among  the  interesting  historical  features  and  revolutionary  relics  of  the  locality  is  the  massive  old 
stone  building  owned  and  lived  in  over  a  hundred  years  ago  by  Harris,  one  of  the  early  promulga- 
tors of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  It  is  at  present  a  part  of  the  possession  of  the  Hon.  Asa 
Packer,  President  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  Company,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  he  will  repair  it, 
so  as  to  preserve  it,  or  sell  it  to  the  Slate. 


WILKESBARRE. 

The  beautiful  and  fertile  valley  of  Wyoming  contains  no  more  elegantly  located  town  than  this, 
the  capital  of  Luzerne  Co.,  Penn.  It  stands  in  the  midst  of  a  region  most  highly  favored  by  the 
hand  which  brought  hot-molded  out  of  chaos  all  form,  color  and  substance,  and  commands  in- 
spiriting views  of  mountains,  river  and  valley. 

It  is  reached  by  the  Lehigh  Vallej' Railroad,  via  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  is  about 
18  miles  south- west  from  Scranton;  it  is  also  reached  by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western  Rail- 
road, and  by  other  routes.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  valley,  was  settled  in  1750,  incor- 
porated in  1840,  has  made  a  vigorous  growth  the  past  twenty  years,  and  has  at  present  over  25,000 
population.  This  region  abounds  in  coal  mines  of  a  most  superior  quality,  and  a  large  number 
of  them  ship  their  products  from  this  city  by  railroads  and  the  Branch  Canal,  which,  combined 
afford  very  great  and  economical  facilites  for  transportation.  This  fine  city  affords  many  facilities 
for  manufacturing;  is  a  very  healthy  place,  and  has  several  good  Hotels,  among  which  are  the 
Wyoming  Valley  Hotel,  $3  50  per  day;  the  Bristol  House,  $2  50,  and  the  Forrest  House,  $3  per 
day.  There  are  churches  of  all  the  leading  denominations  of  Christians,  schools  that  are  unsur- 
passed by  any  in  the  State,  both  public  or  private,  banks  and  insurance  offices,  among  the  latter,  that 
of  Mr.  R.  C.  Smith,  we  desire  especially  to  call  attention  to.  There  are  five  newspapers  published  in 
the  place,  one  daily  and  four  weeklies.  The  Wyoming  Valley,  in  which  Wilkcsbarre  stands,  is  about 
35  miles  long  and  three  miles  wide;  it  is  a  beautiful  uud  fertile  valley,  formed  by,  and  laying  be- 


§ld  ii6me    BtriLDiKG. 

tween  two  mountain  ridges  which  run  parallel  to  each  other,  the  north  branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River  running  rapidly  through  its  entire  length. 


TOWANDA. 


This  is  another  one  of  the  many  beautiful  towns  of  Pennsylvania,  and  is  the  seat  of  justice  of 
Bradford  County.  It  is  located  in  a  fine,  healthy  situation  on  the  bank  of  the  north  branch  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  about  280  miles  from  New  York,  by  way  of  the  Erie  Railway,  and  the  Pennsyl- 
vania and  New  York  Railroad,  and  about  186  miles  from  Easton,  Pa.,  by  the  Pennsylvania  and 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad.  The  North  Branch  Canal  also  passes  through  the  town,  affording  cheap 
transportation  in  the  running  season  of  the  year,  and  the  Towanda  Creek  empties  into  the  Susque- 
hanna at  this  point. 

This  town  was  incorporated  in  1828;  has  at  present  a  population  of  5,000,  and  possesses  several 
good  Hotels,  the  Ward  and  Means  Houses  being  the  best  and  charging  $2  per  day. 

The  people  of  this  place  are  principally  engaged  in  a  general  commercial  business,  and  but  little 
manufacturing  is  carried  on  here  as  yet.  The  agricultural  interests  of  the  county  are  impoitant, 
and  contribute  largely  toward  the  support  of  enterprise  in  this  town,  in  affording  a  profitable  trade 
and  exchange  in  butter,  cheese,  grain,  hay,  and  live  stock. 

There  are  five  churches,  fine  public  schools,  a  collegiate  institute,  two  banks,  and  four  news- 
papers published  in  the  town.  The  "  Bradford  Argus"  is  a  flourishing  paper,  circulation,  2,450;  it 
is  one  of  the  best  advertising  mediums  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  A  large  proportion  of  the 
buildings  of  this  town  are  of  brick,  and  the  corporation  being  free  from  debt,  taxes,  and  living  gen- 
erally, is  lower  than  at  most  places  of  its  size.  The  county  building,  institutions,  courts  and  oflSces 
being  here,  a  considerable  benefit  is  derived  therefrom. 


WILLIAMSPORT. 


The  capital  of  Lycoming  Co.,  Pa.,  is  located  in  a  situation  famed  for  its  pleasant,  Tiealthful 
character,  and  much  resorted  to  in  the  Summer  season  on  that  account.  It  is  on  the  western  bank 
of  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  197  miles  from  Philadelphia,  by  way  of  the  Phila- 
delphia and  Reading  and  Calawissa  Railroads,  and  about  267  from  New  York,  via  New  Jersey 
Central.  The  Northern  Central  Railway  and  the  Philadelphia  and  Eri«  Railroad  and  the  West 
Branch  Canal  also  pass  this  city,  and  all  together  afford  accommodations  for  transportation  very 
superior  in  extent  and  accommodative  in  rates.  This  place  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1865;  it  is 
finely  and  regularly  laid  out,  having  the  best  of  drainage  and  a  seven-feet  sewer  through  the  center 
of  the  town  to  the  river,  and  has  a  population  of  20,000.  The  Hotels  most  noted  are  the  Herdie 
and  Crawford  Houses,  $3  50  per  day. 

Industries.  Williamsport  is  one  of  the  heaviest  lumber  markets  in  the  State,  and  has  over  30 
mills,  which  manufacture  about  230,000,000  feet  of  lumber  annually.  There  are  great  deposits  of 
coal  and  iron  in  the  adjoining  hills,  ami  this  city  has  in  active  operation  several  Furnaces,  Foun- 
deries.  Machine  Shops,  large  Furniture  Factories,  a  Woolen  Factory,  and  several  other  shops  and 
mills  producmg  different  articles.  The  farms  in  all  directions  around  this  point  are  of  a  superior 
character,  and  a  flourishing  commerce  is  maintained  between  the  merchants  and  manufacturers  of 
this  city,  and  the  agriculturists  and  villages  of  this  and  surrounding  counties. 

Institutions.    There  are  four  Baptist,  three  Presbyterian,  five  Methodist,  one  Congregationalist, 


n  0  M  U      B  U  I  L  D  I  N  G .  ^1*^ 

two  German  Reform,  two  Episcopal,  one  Lutheran,  and  two  Catholic  Churches  in  Williamsport, 
and  all  the  usual  Sunday  School  and  other  organizations  in  connection  with  them.  The  public 
schools  are  well  organized,  and  there  are  two  seminaries  and  other  fine  scliools  in  the  place.  There 
are  also  bunks,  insurance  offices,  two  daily,  one  semi-weekly,  five  weekly,  and  one  monthly  news- 
paper published  here. 

The  Future  of  this  city  appears  to  be  very  promising.  There  are  just  being  completed,  and  under 
way,  several  large  business  concerns  and  many  dwelling-houses,  some  of  the  latter  already  erected 
are  very  superior  in  character.  To  anyone  wishing  detail  information,  or  having  business  to  trans- 
act in  this  city,  we  heartily  recommend  Mr.  James  M.  Wood,  attorney-at-law,  Williamsport,  Pa. 


LOCK  HAVEN. 


Another  of  the  great  lumber  marts,  and  capital  of  Clinton  Co.,  Pa.  It  is  located  on  the  'yest 
branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  is  on  the  lines  of  the  Philadelphia  and  Erie  and  Bald  Eagle 
Valley  Railroads,  and  near  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  West  Branch  Canal.  It  lays  fine  and  high, 
and  is  very  healthy;  was  settled  about  half  a  century  ago;  has  a  population  at  present  of  about 
8,000,  and  possesses  several  fair  Hotels,  among  them  the  Fulton  House  and  the  Irvin  House,  |2  per 
day  each.  As  is  hinted  above,  the  Industries  of  Lock  Haven  are  largely  connected  with  tht  lumber 
trade,  and,  in  fact,  it  is  the  great  square  timber  market  for  Central  Pennsylvania.  There  a.^e  also 
Founderies  and  other  iron-working  establishments,  and  the  usual  number  of  small  shops,  tuxkers, 
and  cobblers,  that  are  found  in  these  thriving  country  towns. 

The  Institutions  of  Lock  Haven  consist  mainly  in  those  connected  with  the  county  and  mmii 
cipal  governments,  thirteen  fine  churches  and  their  accompanying  organizations,  the  best  of  publ.c 
schools,  a  central  normal  school,  the  building  for  which  cost  $135,000,  and  a  prosperous  acaden  y. 
There  are  also  banks,  three  newspaper  offices,  and  insurance  offices.  Among  the  latter  is  thai  of 
H.  O.  Chapman,  general  insurance  agent.  Grove  Street,  Lock  Haven,  Pa.  This  gentlemen  repre- 
sents all  the  best  companies  in  the  United  States  and  England,  and  is  thoroughly  acquainted  with 
his  locality,  his  agency  having  been  established  in  1860.  The  country  surrounding  this  point  is  a 
fine  agricultural  region,  and  many  advantages  are  here  apparent  which  can  be  made  available  by  the 
home  builder. 


WARREN. 


This  fine  little  town  is  on  the  banks  of  the  Alleghany  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Conewango  Creek, 
and  is  the  county  town  of  Warren  Co.,  Penn.  It  is  on  the  Philadelphia  and  Erie  Railroad,  385 
miles  from  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  and  has  direct  railroed  communication  with  Dunkirk,  Erie,  Oil 
City,  and  several  other  important  points  in  the  north-east  corner  of  the  State  and  of  New  York.  It 
is  very  finely  located  on  a  plain  about  40  to  50  feet  above  the  river,  is  well  drained  and  is  very 
healthy.  The  country  surrounding  this  point  is  a  fine  agricultural  region,  and  lays  between  the 
great  coal  and  iron  portion  of  the  State  on  the  east,  and  the  oil  regions  on  the  south-west,  and  has 
direct  railroad  connection  with  both.  It  has  been  laid  out  about  forty  years,  and  has  a  present 
population  of  near  3,000,  with  a  few  fair  Hotels,  among  them  the  Carver  House,  $2  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Warren  are  divided  between  verj' extensive  Tanneries,  Founderies  and  several 
Mills.  There  are  several  churches,  good  schools,  among  them  an  academy,  a  bank  or  two,  three 
newspapers,  and  the  county  buildings. 


318  HOME     BUILDlKa. 

The  rivers  are  both  navigable,  and  a  considerable  boating  interest  is  cultivated  here,  which  adds 
to  its  commercial  facilities. 

The  Great  Oil  Regions,  which  lay  along  the  Alleghany  River  and  all  the  country  it  drains  be- 
tween this  point  and  Pittsburgh,  is  noted  for  iis  productions  of  Petroleum,  but  we  have  not  thought 
it  necessary  to  visit  it  with  reference  to  this  work. 


RAHWAY. 


The  New  Jersey  Railroad,  which  leaves  New  York  at  the  foot  of  Cortlandt  Street,  runs  through 
this  pleasant  old  town  very  near  on  a  central  line,  and  affords  the  inhabitants  very  excellent  accom- 
modations for  reaching  New  York.  It  is  19  miles  from  New  York,  in  Middlesex  and  Union  Coun- 
ties, New  Jersey,  on  the  Railway  River,  which  also  divides  the  city  pretty  nearly  in  the  center  from 
west  to  east,  and  is  the  county  line.  The  city  stands  on  a  nca'rly  level  plain,  which  lays  on  an  aver- 
age of  30  feet  above  the  river,  and  is  rolling  enough  to  give  good  drainage  and  afford  a  liealthy  posi- 
tion for  the  many  pretty  residences  which  have  been  multiplying  here  by  scores,  the  past  few 
years. 

Railway  was  projected  about  1725,  but  has  made  its  principal  growth  during  the  past  15  years, 
and  has  at  this  time  about  12,000  inhabitants.  The  principal  Hotels  in  this  city  are  the  Mibick  and 
Railroad  Houses,  both  of  which  charge  $2  per  day. 

A  large  number  of  mtrcbants  and  business  people  engaged  in  the  different  pursuits  of  life  in 
New  York  City  reside  at  this  point,  although  there  is  a  large  local  Industry,  mostly  in  connection 
with  the  manufacture  of  Carriages,  Paper  Hangings,  Hats,  Stoneware  and  other  articles,  and  there 
are  Mills  and  Print  Works. 

The  Institutions  of  this  city  mainly  consist  in  about  15  churches,  of  different  denominations  of 
Christians,  public  and  private  schools  of  a  good  class,  an  institute  for  boys,  and  also  a  female  insti- 
tute, banks,  insurance  offices,  and  three  or  four  local  newspapers.  There  are  many  excellent  farms 
in  the  vicinity  of  this  city,  which  are  of  a  superior  quality,  many  fine  buildings  in  it,  and  it  is  in- 
creasing in  importance  every  year. 


PERTH   AMBOY. 


,  Strange  as  it  may  appear,  there  was  a  time  in  the  history  of  this  old  town  in  which  it  actually 
thought  of  entering  the  arena  to  compete  with  New  York  for  the  chances  of  becoming  the  metrop- 
olis of  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  with  many  desirable  features  in  its  favor,  and  had  it  not  been  for  the 
shallowness  of  the  water  in  the  Raritan  Bay,  at  the  head  of  which  it  stands,  there  is  a  strong  proba- 
bility that  New  York  would  have  been  outstripped  by  this  town  and  port  of  entry.  It  stands  on  a 
high,  comparatively  level  plain,  which  rises  gradually  on  the  north-west,  until  it  reaches  a  bight  of 
about  150  feet  above  the  bay,  it  is  on  the  north  side  of  the  Raritan  River,  which  empties  into  the 
bay  at  this  point,  and  is  flanked  on  the  east  by  the  Staten  Island  Sound.  It  is  in  Middlesex  Co.,  New 
Jersey,  25  miles  from  New  York,  and  is  opposite  the  lower  end  of  Staten  Island.  The  Amboy 
Branch  of  the  New  Jersey  Railroad  has  been  running  to  this  place  about  12  years,  and  has  added 
much  to  its  prosperity;  although  the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  which  leaves  New  York  at  the  foot  of 
Whitehall  Street,  via  the  Staten  Island  Ferry-boats,  which  are  fine  double-deck  steamers,  had  been 
in  operation  several  years  previous,  and  also  regular  communication  by  steamers  through  Staten 
Island  Sound. 


IIOMIC    BTTILDliN'O.  SlS 

The  incorporation  of  Perth  Amboy  dates  back  to  1784,  and  it  waa  settled  nearly  one  hundred 
years  previous  to  that  time.  The  incorporate  limits  include  the  township,  which  is  about  one-and- 
alialf  by  two-and-a-half  miles  in  diameter,  and  contains  a  population  of  about  6,000  at  this  time. 

The  general  healthfulness  of  the  place  has  averaged  during  these  long  years  considerable  below 
Newark,  although,  as  more  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  thorougii  drainage  of  that  portion  of  it 
which  is  underlaid  by  a  retentive  clay,  malarious  troubles  have  continued  to  disappear.  There  are 
a  few  good  Hotels  at  this  point,  and  the  Brighton  House  is  a  favorite  resort  in  the  Summer  season 
for  a  large  number  of  people. 

The  Indastries  of  Perth  Amboy  are  largely  connected  with  the  the  natural  products  of  the 
earth  in  the  shape  of  fire  clay,  kaolin,  and  common  brick  clay,  which  are  found  in  great  drifts  in 
this  and  the  adjoining  (Woodbridge)  township.  There  are,  using  this  clay  and  kaolin,  several  large 
concerns  manufacturing  Fire-Bricks,  Vitrified  Pipes,  Stoneware,  Red  Brick  and  other  articlee,  and  a 
great  amount  of  the  kaolin  and  clay  are  shipped  annually  to  other  ports.  The  Pennfsjlvania  Coal 
Co.  have,  within  the  past  few  years,  run  a  branch  road  to  this  point,  where  they  have  established  exten- 
sive yards,  docks,  and  elevated  tracks,  and  from  which  tlicy  ship  thousands  of  tons  of  coal  annually. 
There  is  also  in  Perth  Amboy  Machine  Shops,  a  Cork  Factory  and  several  other  industrial  concerns 
of  not  very  extensive  character.  This  is  a  long-famed  Oyster  port,  and  many  of  its  people  are 
owners  of  beds,  of  various  extemt,  poled  out  in  regular  order  over  the  most  shallow  part  of  Raritan 
Bay  and  along  its  shores,  and  from  \vhich  they  yearly  grabble  many  bushels  of  the  savory  bivalves. 

The  Institutions  of  this  city  consist  in  a  Presbyterian,  Episcopal,  Methodist,  Baptist,  and 
Roman  Catholic  Churches  and  Sunday  Schools,  good  public  schools,  a  bank,  two  newspapers,  and, a 
few  organizations  of  a  benevolent  and  beneficial  order. 

Real  estate  is  not  so  high,  in  proportion,  in  and  e round  th'-  place  as  it  is  at  many  other  points 
not  further  from  New  York,  while  the  general  exposure  is  of  a  sunny  nature,  as  the  slope  is  toward 
the  south,  and  the  locality  possesses  many  features  of  rare  beauty  and  attractiveness.  There  is  here 
a  group  of  venerable  brick  buildings  which  were  constructed  and  used  by  the  soldiers  of  George 
III.  as  a  barracks,  and  at  which  point  a  regiment  of  British  soldiers  was  quartered  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Revolution.  An  old  soldier,  who  was  quartered  at  these  barracks  during  the  Revolu- 
tion, used  to  relate  his  experience  at  the  battle  of  Lexington  to  the  farmers  who  supplied  the  garri- 
son with  milk  and  other  articles.  His  story  was  that  the  regiment  was  in  Boston  at  that  time,  and 
was  ordered  out  to  Lexington.  They  left  Boston  early  in  the  morning,  according  to  the  old  man's 
story,  in  high  spirits,  playing  "  Yankee  Doodle,"  but,  said  the  veteran,  drawing  down  one  side  of 
his  face,  we  danced  it  back  in  the  evening  with  the  devil  to  it. 

South  Amboy  is  on  the  opposite  shore  of  the  Raritan  River.  It  stands  on  a  high,  sandy  bank; 
is  thoroughly  drained,  and  is  a  very  pleasant  town.  It  is  the  terminus  of  the  Camden  and  Amboy 
Railroad,  and  ffom  which  point,  formerly,  a  large  number  of  passengers,  especially  in  the  Summer 
season,  were  conveyed  to  New  York  by  steamboats.  A  flue  railroad  bridge  now  connects  south  with 
Perth  Amboy. 


NEW  BRUNSWICK. 

At  the  head  of  steam  navigation  on  the  Raritan  River,  and  on  the  south  side  of  that  river, 
stands  this  city  and  capital  of  Middlesex  County,  New  Jersey.  The  New  Jersey  Railrcad  passes 
through  its  center,  and  the  Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal  terminates  here.  It  is  32  miles  from  New 
York  by  rail,  and  48  from  Philadelphia,  Pa.  This  town  has  been  laid  out  about  a  century  an  1  a 
quarter;  most  of  it  stands  on  high,  slightly  rolling  grounds;  is  naturally  well  surface-drained,  and 
has  been  sewered  and  under-drained  to  a  considerable  extent.  The  general  health  of  the  place  has 
been  good,  and  its  growth  during  the  lust  fifteen  years  has  added  about  one  hundred  per  cent  to  its 


320  HOME     BUILDING. 

population,  bringing  it  up  to  over  20,000.  The  principal  Hotels  are  the  New  Brunswick  House,  $3 
per  clay;  City  Hotel,  $2  50  per  day,  and  the  Neilson  House,  $2  per  day. 

The  country  around  New  Brunswick  is  varied  in  its  nature;  that  on  the  west  being  of  a  strong 
retentive  soil,  underlaid  by  red  shale,  while  that  to  the  south-east  is  comparatively  level,  and  is  a 
light-yellowish,  sandy  nature. 

Industrial  Pursuits  in  this  city  are  in  connection  with  extensive  Paper  and  other  mills.  Rubber 
and  Wall  Paper  Factories,  Carriage  and  other  manufacturing  concerns.  Machine  Shops,  and  a  gen- 
eral commerce  carried  on  by  the  means  of  the  river,  canal  and  railroad. 

The  county  buildings,  offices  and  Institutions  are  here,  and,  beside  them,  there  are  about 
twenty  churches,  Rutgers  College,  founded  in  1770;  a  theologicalseminaryconnected  with  the  Dutch 
Reform  Church;  seminary  for  girls,  banks,  insurance  offices,  good  public  schools,  four  newspapers 
of  a  local  nature,  Masonic  and  other  beneficial  societies. 


PRINCETON. 


The  site  of  the  old  and  well-known  Princeton  College  is  about  two  miles  west  of  Princeton 
Station,  on  the  New  Jersey  Railroad,  48  miles  from  New  York,  in  Mercer  Co.,  New  Jersey.  The 
locality  is  a  very  fine  one,  at  the  top  of  a  ridge  which  very  gently  slopes  to  the  south-east,  with  a 
slightly  undulating  surface,  until  it  reaches  a  level  about  150  feet  below  the  crown  at  Princeton. 
This  town  was  projected  about  the  time  of  the  removal  of  Princeton  College  to  it  from  Elizabeth, 
N.  J.,  in  1757,  where  it  was  first  opened  by  the  Presbyterians  about  ten  years  previous.  The  popu- 
lation of  this  town  is  about  3,000,  and  it  is  a  very  pretty,  healthy  locality.  The  Hotels  arc  -the 
Nassau  and  Mansion  Houses,  $2  per  day.  There  is  also  a  theological  seminary  connected  with  the 
Presbyterian  Church  at  this  place.  There  are  also  churches,  schools,  and  many  pretty  buildings  in 
the  place,  and  it  is  surrounded  by  a  flourishing  country. 


TRENTON, 


The  capital  of  New  Jer.'jey,  and  seat  of  justice  of  Mercer  Co.,  stands  on  a  nearly  level  plain,  at 
the  head  of  steamboat  navisation,  on  the  northern  bank  of  the  Delaware  River.  The  New  Jersey 
and  Pennsylvania  Railroads  run  through  this  city  with  two  or  three  different  routes.  It  is  57  miles 
from  New  York,  and  33  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

The  land  upon  which  Trenton  stands,  and  its  surroundings,  was  settled  by  one  Phineas  Pem- 
berton  and  a  few  associates  about  1680.  About  1720,  the  name  of  Trenton  was  applied  to  the  place, 
in  honor  of  Col.  William  Trent,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Assembly.  The  capital  of  New  Jersey 
was  located  here  in  1790,  and  the  town  was  incorporated  in  1792.  The  population  in  1840,  at  the 
beginning  of  railroad  enterprise  in  this  county,  was  about  4,000,  which  has  increased  during  the 
past  35  years  to  over  30,000  at  this  time. 

The  site  of  Trenton  is  about  50  feet  above  the  Delaware  River;  on  an  average,  is  a  sandy  soil, 
underlaid  by  fine  gravel,  and  has,  during  the  last  century,  proved  to  be  a  healthy  place. 

The  leading  Hotels  are  the  Trenton  and  American  Houses,  $3  per  day;  United  States  Hotel, 
$2  50,  and  the  Madison  House,  $2  per  day.  There  is  a  fine  water-power  system  developed  at  this 
place,  and  the  Industries  of  the  city  are  largely  of  a  manufacturing  nature.  There  are  many  very 
extensive  concerns  manufacturing  Locomotives,  various  kinds  of  Machinery,  Paper,  Wire,  Axes, 
Carriages,  Flour,  Builders'  Hardware,  Locks,  [Moldings,  and  many  other  kinds  of  goods.     There  is 


HOMEBUILDING.  321 

also  an  extensive  general  commerce  carried  on  at  tliis  place;  while  the  necessities  of  navigators, 
railroads,  and  the  State  Legislators,  when  that  body  is  in  session,  brings  much  trade  and  employ- 
ment to  the  people  here. 

Institutious.  The  County,  Municipal,  and  several  of  the  State  institutions  are  located  in 
Trenton,  and  there  are  about  25  churches  of  the  various  denominations  of  Christians,  two  or  three 
banks,  a  number  of  secret  organizations,  and  eight  newspapers,  consisting  of  dailies,  weeklies  and 
monthlies. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Trenton  there  are  many  fine  farms  in  New  Jersey,  and  across  the  Delaware, 
in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas,  and  many  of  them  paved,  guttered 
and  sewered.  The  dwelling-houses  of  this  city  and  its  suburbs  are  many  of  them  of  a  very  beauti- 
ful, while  some  are  of  a  grand  character.  The  people  are  highly  moral,  social,  and  industrious,  and 
the  home  builder  here  enjoys  comforts  and  associations  which  are  of  a  useful  and  healthful  char- 
acter. 


PHILADELPHIA. 


This  great  metropolis  of  Pennsylvania,  and  vice-metropolis  of  America,  contains  a  greater  num- 
ber of  independent  homes  than  any  other  city  of  the  United  States,  and  is,  perhaps,  more  really 
American.  Its  history,  position  and  character  is  as  well  known  to  the  persons  we  hope  to  interest, 
and  in  some  cases,  probably,  benefit,  as  any  other  place  we  have  been  able  to  include  in  our  lists  in 
this  work.  We  have  not  purposed  to  enter  into  any  considerably  extended  remarks  with  reference 
to  Philadelphia,  although,  perhaps,  a  short  sketch  of  it  will' be  in  place,  especially  as  we  cannot 
avoid,  nor  would  not,  making  it  central  to  much  of  our  work  in  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  Dela- 
ware, and  other  States. 

In  1682,  William  Penn,  accompanied  by  a  colony  of  Englishmen,  all  of  whom  belonged  to  that 
then  hated  sect  of  devout  Christian  people,  known  as  Friends  or  Quakers,  laid  out  and  settled  this 
place,  Penn  giving  it  the  name  of  Philadelphia  (brotherly  love)  both,  it  is  said,  with  reference  to  the 
ancient  city  of  that  name  in  Asia  Minor,  and  from  its  embodying  principles  he  had  so  much  at 
heart.  Penn  declared  his  object  in  planting  this  colony  to  be  "  to  afford  an  asylum  to  the  good  and 
oppressed  of  all  nations,  to  frame  a  government  which  might  be  an  example  to  show  men  as  free  and 
as  happy  as  they  could  be."  This  city  as  originally  laid  out  is  located  on  the  western  banks  of  the 
Delaware  River,  at  the  narrowest  point  of  the  Peninsula  lying  between  it  and  the  Schuylkill  River, 
about  six  miles  above  the  confluence  of  the  two  rivers;  but  the  town  has  not  only  long  since  filled 
up  the  entire  Peninsula,  but  has  spread  miles  beyond  it  in  all  dir(  ctions,  and  covers,  at  this  time, 
more  territory  than  any  other  city  in  America,  and  is  only  second  in  population,  having  over 
800,000. 

The  Industrial  Enterprises  of  this  great  city  are  wonderful  in  their  extent  and  numbers,  cover- 
ing a  range  as  broad  as  the  wants  of  mankind;  while  her  Institutions  are  equally  numerous  and 
useful,  and  some  of  them  were  first  to  successfully  illustrate  practical  methods  of  aiding  the  great 
swarms  of  artisans,  mechanics,  and  clerks,  who  are  the  real  producers  of  any  place,  in  obtaining 
many  of  the  requisites  for  success  in  establishing  a  Home. 

In  this  grand  old  place  the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  first  read  to  an  anxious,  earnest 
people,  and  now,  at  the  close  of  a  hundred  years,  their  successors,  the  present  people  of  this  great 
Independent  Republic,  which  has  been  for  a  century  towering  higher  and  higher  upon  the  corner- 
stone of  that  Declaration  and  the  Constitution  which  followed  it,  are  flocking  by  tlie  tens  of  thou- 
sands to  this  memorable  city  for  the  purpose  of  witnessing  the  greatest  Centennial  Exhibition  of 
Industry  the  world  has  ever  beheld,  and  also  to  view  the  historic  buildings  and  relics,  the  thousands 
of  varied  and  interesting  dwellings  and  public  buildings,  and  to  study  the  instit,utions,  enterprises, 
theories  and  methods  of  the  Philadelphia  of  1876. 


322  II  0  M  E      B  U  I  L  D  I  .V  O  . 

Unlike  New  Tork,  Philadelphia  has  encouraged  the  accumulation  of  small  dwellings  within  its 
own  limits,  which  are  mostly  built  of  brick  and  largely  occupied  by  single  families.  This  practice 
makts  a  real  home  possible,  adds  greatly  to  the  health  and  comfort  of  the  occupants,  and  endears  the 
system  to  Americans,  of  which  this  city  is  largly  composed,  more  largely,  perhaps,  than  any  other 
nationality.  The  habit  of  being  cramped  into  "French  flats,"  where  there  are  possibly  a  dozen 
families  entering  through  the  same  street  door,  or  into  the  ordinary  first  class  tenement  house,  with 
one  or  two  other  families  under  the  same  roof,  is  one  that  seldom  ceases  to  chafe  the  American  ideas 
of  freedom  and  independence,  and  from  which  he  will  free  himself,  if  he  is  "to  the  manor  born," 
as  speedily  as  possible. 

Philadelphia  as  a  great  center  of  supplies,  and  as  a  market  for  all  manner  of  natural,  farm  and 
mechanical  products,  is  only  second  to  New  York,  if,  indeed,  it  is  not  equal  to  that  city,  but  as  it  is 
not  so  central  to  the  mass  of  those  we  are  aiming  to  most  interest  in  this  work,  we  have  chosen 
from  the  thousands  of  merchants  and  manufacturers  in  New  York,  with  two  or  three  exceptions, 
the  few  concerns  to  speak  about  and  recommend  to  our  readers,  which  we  believe  will  be  of  advan- 
tage to  them  in  affording  the  knowledge  of  just  where  to  go  or  send  for  the  indispensable  articles 
used  in  house  or  home  building. 

Among  those  we  would  call  attention  to  who  are  manufacturing  their  goods  in  Philadelphia 
are,  first,  the  firm  of  Harrison  Bros.  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  White  Lead,  Colors  and  Chemicals, 
oflSces  105  South  Front  Street,  Plii'adelphia,  Penn.,  and  115  Fulton  Street,  New  York.  This  firm 
are  the  manufacturers  of  "  Town  and  Country  "  ready  mixed  Paints,  an  article  we  have  thoroughly 
and  practically  examined,  studied  and  tested,  by  actual  use  on  our  own  residence,  and  others,  and 
have  been  so  completely  pleased  with  the  result  as  to  select  it  from  among  a  great  list  of  others  of 
similar  attempt.  "We  have  observed  the  cover,  tone,  and  enduring  qualities  of  ready  mixed  paints, 
ever  since  their  introduction  to  the  market  in  any  considerable  quantity,  now  about  15  years,  and 
although  we  have  written  on  the  subject,  and  a  great  many  hundreds  of  specifications,  we  had  never 
been  sufficiently  satisfied  with  any  of  the  brands  to  recommend  them,  until  we  met  with  Harrison 
Bros,  goods,  and  gave  them  a  severe  test,  taking  great  care  to  follow  their  directions  in  every  re- 
spect. In  the  case  of  our  own  residence,  the  building  had  been  painted  two  coats  of  lead  when 
erected,  a  little  over  eight  years  previous,  had  been  sadly  neglected;  and  so  washed  and  worn,  as  to 
expose  the  dry,  weather-cracked  wood,  of  about  three-fourths  of  the  width  of  each  clap-board; 
leaving  it  a  much  worse  subject  to  operate  on  than  a  new  unpaintcd  house  would  have  been.  We 
determined  to  give  the  "  Town  and  Country  "  ready  mixed  paints  of  Harrison  Bros,  a  final  test  on 
this  job,  and  ordered  three  shades  ,  in  suitable  quantities,  about  20  gallons  of  body  color;  hired  an 
average  journeyman  painter,  and  set  him  to  work  under  our  instruction  and  observation,  with  a 
boy  that  had  never  used  a  brush  before,  and  gave  the  building  two  coats.  The  result  was  very 
satisfactory,  the  cover  is  complete,  the  tone  and  color  perfectly  even;  the  paints  dried  readily,  form- 
ing a  fine  glossy  enamel,  which  has  neither  cracked  or  blistered  in  the  slightest  degree,  although 
the  heat  of  the  sun  this  centennial  summer  has  blazed  intensely  at  it  for  several  months.  Upon  the 
front  of  the  building  we  selected  one  board  and  gave  it  four  coats,  which  no  one,  whose  attention  we 
have  called  to  the  fact,  has  been  able  to  point  out  at  a  distance  of  25  feet  from  the  building,  show- 
ing the  completeness  and  evenness  of  the  cover,  and  testing  the  fact  that  two  coats  properly  put  on 
are  ample  at  one  time. 

The  result  in  a  financial  point  we  almost  hesitate  to  mention,  as  it  would  hardly  be  likely  to 
prove  as  satisfactory  in  most  cases;  it  was,  however,  a  trifle  over  one-half  of  the  amount  of  the 
lowest  estimate  we  had  been  able  to  obtain  for  the  job,  from  three  different  painters,  and  we  don't 
hesitate  to  say  it  is  a  better  job  than  most  of  them  would  have  given  us.  The  convenience  of  such 
an  article  is  also  of  great  importance,  and  when  perfectably  reliable  goes  largely  towards  the  econ- 
omy of  its  use.  The  handsome  color  sample  cards  of  this  company  enable  the  consumer  to  select  a 
shade  consistent  with  their  tastes,  without  the  necessity  of  experiment,  delay  and  expense. 

As  to  the  durability  of  these  paints,  Harrison  Bros,  claim  them  to  be  prepared  from  pure  White 
Lead,  corroded  by  themselves,  pure  Oxide  of  Zinc,  and  the  finest  and  strongest  coloring  materials 
that  are  obtainable,  mixed  with  pure  Limced  Oil,  and  so  prepared  that  it  will  never  become  fatty,  or 


HOME      BUILDING. 


wbiol,  U  Mos,  0  Jful  l!n°ZTlZt  *'"'".  "°*'"''°*!P  «■■=  indispensable,  and  the  concern 

duottaeandbeaMe  osTarthe  ejusrso  o  !:T    °/  ""'  ^"'"'"'^  ^^  '°  "">  '->.  in 

article,  honest,  is  also  jus.  a  i  'dlsnl  .hi  f  "'',  '  ""  '°  ""=  """""O-  I"  *«  "»<^  »'  «n 
we  don't  consider  them  cxceM  on  t    ,      k  """"""'■  ^^  "  <=''"«■  ">=  ■'°'  ■"""rious,  tat 

flrst-elass  job  of  plt'^  c^nC  b  7.7  ,7  '°  '""  ""'""='•  ""  '"""""^  '°  """  "^  '"=  '"<■-  A 
Should  be  perfectrdTTi.e  mil  ,"■;'  '""""'  '^"""'"""^i  '"  '"*  «'^'  P'^-^"  '■■»  "ood 
and  properly  pu  o'n  ^e^aveC  Mv""  °r  ^'"^  '"*^°°'  ".atcrialsbut  thoroughly  ground 
have  been  greLy  damaged  bydisZes"^  .  "  ""  "'""'""'°  °'  °'="'''''  "'""O"  "^  P»'n'» 

order  to  spLd  a  lal  rnrfaee  alii,        "''="':™"'=«'  P^'""'  '-  "'-^  "-  "'  "orthlcss  oils,  in 
wewouldpartioulXautonolr    ir™''  """""'  ""'  '"  '""'^nly  handling,  ihercfore, 
known  to  .' e  trade  norate^^w^lT"  T"'"""""'  °'  "" '"'°™-  "'"'  "-^  other  nature 
we  cJpres,  this  ean  iou  Tor  two  relo      7,  T  TT-  7°"'^"""^  »'  P-"'»  -=  b^i"?  used.    And 
,  seen  scores  of  paintcrsfan  Totorl%  .  ?'°" ''  '■°™="  ™'-  ^■'™>'  ^''«-     '^'^  ""-» 

untimely  grave  for  wl,    of  i^  and  hi     °  T    ''"""^  "°''  "■'^W"-'""  «°d  despairing  into  an 

honored  and  respeetldbecau";"  it  inl  'T  •>*"''''-"■*."-.  --eed  and  take  their  places, 

be  had  either  at  Lirplar„TbusinsVv;„:sltrr"T,^  ""^'T  «-  *  ^"'^  P>'"-  ca^ 
Street,  New  York  or  of  anv  of  tm      '  T  '  ®"""'  ''i'i"'delpWa,  or  at  115  Pulton 

with  those  of  as  g  od  an  Z°ie  'f    „  o,7  T    I  '^T'"""'  '"=  "'"""''■  "'  "'"^^  "'^J'  "'  P" 

anyonemayobtfinL::;"  :,o     aTd    r  ^^T''"  1'"",  °'  "'°  "'"''^  ''"--' 

eard^eon.aiuinstrue.ionshowtousetb;;:,:^irrnt;:L:cit;^^  The 

scottngs,  and  other  woodtcZLl:\:r:?r;ef^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

:v"hix:r;:irhr:i!ri:of''"°'r'"'"""- ^ 

and  laid  dow^n  L  n:^'^z\^'wZrcz:':::zTTT  "i  'T"""  ^"""^"""*-" 

:rd:;rgrrt:',r:!:eT  r— -=^^^^^ 
cases  kept  wij;:;XX::ia;;Trr^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

Mr.  Bou-hton  are  a  oatontod  nrH..i  ^      <•      ^^^^*^^  togtthei.     TJie  floors  manufactured  by 

of  about  the  sam"  resM     tree  a  ;  TS,  ""'  *f ""'"  ™'°'^  "'  ''«"^"'  -°-''  "oods! 

of  cotton  Cloth,  or  otie    suUaWe  bTck  „!  7,^7      "'■ "'  '"°"  "'"=''  "''  «™'^  S"""*  '°  "  Pi- 

the  work  is  well  drierp.a::r:nd":Serr  Ldif  frr'^'airrnu'  T  :"";"""•"•'" 

it  was  made;  or,  aa  in  the  case  of  il„.  „,„„i.     i  ■  ,  ,   ,      '^'  ' '°  "'"  P''"^*  '<"■  which 

in  strips,  al.;rnating  .n     1  ^  ^  I;te  d  J^d  irr'^'  ,  "  ''"'""•"  ""=  """"^  ""  ^'-O  - 
feet  long  and  from  Two  to  thr^e  feet  wide  androil,!    1  """'  "  """'"°"'  "  "  ■""""  ""'='=" 

style  is  .aid  down  in  dmcrent  d  s  1,^^      irbord    s  anrribb"'"'"""  "T  °"''°"'-    '""'  '""" 
around  them.    The  cut  hero  Inserted  h  Tl      ,n   l  ,     T  '  "  ""^  "^  '"""'"•  '"■'""c"  ""'' 

may  be,  an  average  desig:7n  rel'..:  oJXlr.'"*""  ""' '""'  """'°'''  ""  '''  "  "^  ^ 


324 


HOME      BU  ILD  I2sii. 


In  this  design  the  outer  border  is  18  to  24  inches  wide,  with  corner  designs;  laying  around  next 
to  it  is  a  strip  of  goods  made  of  one  color  of  wood  (in  this  case),  put  on  the  cloth  diagonally,  and  is 
separated  from  a  wider  strip  by  walnut  and  ash  ribbons,  which  is  also  of  one  color  of  wood,  with 
the  strips  laid  on  straight  across,  separating  it  from  the  center  design  is  a  Grecian  border,  and  in  the 
center  is  one  form  of  design  suitable  to  the  outline  of  the  space  contained  within  the  Grecian  border. 
These  center  pieces  can  be  made  in  endless  variety,  and  are  many  of  them  exceedingly  beautiful. 
The  light-colored  woods,  "in  mass,"  are  generally  oak,  ash,  or  Georgia  pine,  sometimes  cherry  or 
mahogany,  and  frequently  the  masses  are  fitted  with  goods  made  of  alternate  dark  and  light-colored 
woods. 

This  second  cut  represents  one  of  the  more  elaborate  parquetry  floors,  which  are  generally  kept 
neatly  polished  in  wax  or  shellac. 


HOME     BUILDING.  325 

It  will  not  be  difficult  to  perceive,  in  looking  at  this  example,  that  the  scope  for  design  in  this 
work  is  very  great,  and  that  the  beauty  and  elegance  of  such  floors  are  of  a  nature  calculated  to 
place  them  among  the  products  of  the  highest  order  of  artisanship.  In  this  case  the  carpet  is  put 
together  in  the  factory,  in  squares  of  which  the  stars  are  central,  taken  in  that  form  to  the  place  for 
which  it  is  made,  and  carefully  joined  together,  secured  to  the  floor,  dressed  and  polished.  The 
wainscotings  manufactured  under  these  patents  are  also  in  a  great  variety  of  beautiful  forms,  ceilings 
and  walls  are  covered  with  the  same  materials,  and  are  of  the  richest  order.  All  of  these  goods 
have  been  thoroughly  tested  by  hundreds  of  people  for  over  six  years,  and  in  places  receiving  the 
hardest  wear,  it  is  acknowledged  to  be  the  best  substitute  for  carpets,  oilcloths,  and  mattings  that 
has  ever  been  invented.  It  is  much  cheaper  than  either  of  the  latter,  as  it  is  about  equal  to  them  in 
first  cost,  and  will  wear  longer  than  four  of  them  in  succession.  It  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  car- 
pets, oilcloths  and  mattings  in  rooms  of  every  description,  and,  with  ordinary  care,  it  is  easily  kept 
clean,  and  will  not  lose  its  figure  until  worn  out.  We  have  had  our  kitchen  floor  covered  with  it 
over  six  years,  and  it  is  very  nearly  as  handsome  as  when  first  put  down;  a  star  in  the  center  and  a 
border  around  the  wall  gives  it  a  fine  effect,  and  we  have  frequently  had  persons  remark  that  our 
kitchen  floor  was  the  prettiest  in  the  house. 

Mr.  Boughton  also  manufactures  an  adjustible  mosquito  and  fly  screen  suitable  for  windows 
and.  doors,  which  no  home  should  be  witUout,  especially  as  they  are  very  cheap  and  durable,  and 
adjust  to  any  width  of  window.  This  article  is  also  patented,  as  is  his  Nursery  Gate,  another  indis- 
pensable article.  We  have  dwelt  at  considerable  length  on  these  goods  for  the  reason  that  we 
highly  appreciate  their  merits,  and  hope  to  see  them  take  the  place  of  carpets  to  the  fullest  extent 
possible,  if  for  no  other  reason,  because  of  their  great  sanitary  benefit. 

Any  one  wishing  to  learn  more  of  these  splendid  goods,  or  to  ascertain  the  prices,  may  do  so  by 
sending  for  one  of  Mr.  Boughton's  illustrated  catalogues,  to  the  above  address  (1,118  Market  Street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.)  or  to  the  "American  Home  Commission  Co.,"  191  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
who  also  take  orders  for  these  goods  in  the  latter  city.  They  can  also  be  obtained  of  the  following 
agents  of  Mr.  Boughton,  viz.:  J.  W.  McKnight  &  Co.,  1,437  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  Washington, 
D.  C;  C.  L.  Carter  &  Co.,  22  West  Fayette  Street,  Baltimore,  Md.;  S.  Boyd  Martin,  Third  and 
Walnut  Streets,  Harrisburg,  !Pa. ;  and  E.  D.  Witt,  159  Smithfield  Street,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Building  Materials  and  appliances  of  almost  every  nature  in  use,  are  easily  and  economically 
obtained  at  Philadelphia.  The  great  coal,  iron,  lumber,  stone,  and  slate  regions  of  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania  are  directly  connected  with  this  city  by  railroads,  canals,  and  rivers,  while  the  site 
upon  which  it  stands  affords  stone,  sand,  and  clay  for  the  manufacture  of  the  best  quality  of  bricks; 
which  facts,  combined  with  an  unusual  degree  of  encouragement  afforded  by  a  large  number  of 
well-organized  building  and  loan  associations,  and  the  dispositions  of  capitalists  to  be  satisfied  A'ith 
a  reasonable  interest  on  their  money,  have  been  the  great  auxiliary  forces  operating  to  produce  so 
many  thousands  of  dwellings,  of  a  rather  small,  though  neat  and  comfortable  nature,  as  are  here 
found  covering  many  square  miles  of  lands,  and  rapidly  increasing  in  numbers. 

While  there  are  a  few  suburban  towns  in  New  Jersey,  mostly  upon  the  banks  of  the  Delaware, 
and  also  a  few  in  the  adjacent  counties  of  Pennsylvania,  which  are  patronized  by  and  becoming  the 
homes  of  many  Philadelphians  whose  places  of  business  are  in  that  city;  yet  we  here  find  no  such 
spectacle  as  is  witnessed  on  all  sides  of  New  York,  where  tens  of  thousands  of  people,  who  scheme, 
toil,  and  sweat  all  day  long  in  that  city — from  the  lordly  millionaire  to  the  apprentice  or  office  boy — 
and  in  the  evening  hours  return  in  vast  armies  to  their  homes  in  the  hundred  surrounding  suburbs, 
from  whence  they  had  come  during  many  of  the  morning  hours. 


Camden,  New  Jersey,  is  the  principal  near  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  and  is  intimately  related  to 
that  city  in  many  ways,  as  is  Jersey  City  or  Hoboken  to  New  York;  although;  perhaps,  it  does  not 
contain  so  large  a  proportion  of  the  business  men  of  the  great  metropolis  on  the  opposite  shore  of 
the  river,  as  does  those  cities  of  New  Yorkers. 


326  HOME      B  U  1 1  D  I  X  G  . 

It  is  situated  on  a  sandy  plain,  opposite  the  old  heart  of  Philadelphia,  and  is  connected  with  it 
by  four  lines  of  steam  forrj'^-boats.  It  is  the  capital  of  Camden  Co.,  Xew  Jersey;  was  chartered  in 
1831,  and  has  at  this  time  a  popula  ion  (f  over  35,000.  It  is  the  terminus  of  the  Camden  and  Atlantic, 
the  Camden  and  Amboy,  and  the  \Vest  Jersey  (Cape  May)  Railways,  and  is  a  port  of  delivery  of  import- 
ance. I's  character  is  a  veritable  shadow  of  the  mammoth  human-hive  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Delaware,  most  of  its  residences  being  rather  small  brie  k  houses,  and  its  people  largely  engaged  in 
many  moderate  and  great  manufacturing  concerns  in  its  own  midst. 

Its  Institutions  arvj  similar  to  those  of  the  oppasite  city,  from  which  it  receives  a  great  degree 
of  stimulus,  and  embrace  a  number  each  of  Baptist,  Preibyterian,  Episcopal,  Methodist,  and 
Friends'  Churches,  cxcelleat  public  and  other  schools,  and  many  other  organizations  of  various 
characters.  Facilities  for  building  in  this  city  are  of  the  same  nature  and  cost  as  in  Philadelphia, 
and  because  of  tins  fact,  and  the  low  price  of  farm  and  gardjn  products,  "  Home  Building"  receives 
such  encouragement  here  as  is  very  satisfactory  to  those  interested. 


NORRISTOWN. 


This  fine  town  is  the  capital  of  ^Montgomery  County,  Pa.,  and  is  only  about  16  miles  from 
Philadelphia  by  way  of  the  Reading  Railroad.  It  is  situated  on  a  higli,  beautiful  position  on  the 
easterly  bank  of  the  Schuylkill  Kiver,  and  is  the  eastern  terminus  of  the  Chester  Valley  Railroad. 
The  character  of  this  town  partakes  largely  of  that  of  the  great  city  at  the  mouth  of  the  beautiful 
river  upon  whicii  it  s*ands,  and  which  exerts  a  powerful  influence  over  it.  The  present  population 
of  Norristown  is  over  15,000,  and  it  is  one  of  the  prettiest  and  most  healthful  suburbs  of  Philadelphia. 
The  principal  Hotel  is  the  Montgomery  House,  which  charges  $3.  There  is  a  vigorous  manufac- 
turing interest  located  at  this  point,  and,  unlike  most  of  the  towns  within  so  easy  a  distance  of  Xew 
York,  its  people  have  within  their  midst  the  sources  of  profitable  industry;  among  which  are  prom- 
inent Cotton  and  Woolen  Factories,  a  Furnace,  Rolling  Mills,  and  other  iron  manufacturing  con- 
cerns. The  improvements  in  the  way  of  public  buildings  and  dwellings  are  of  a  very  substantial 
and  creditable  nature,  being  almost  exclusively  of  brick  or  stone,  or  fine  light-gray  native  mar- 
ble. The  Court-House  is  remarkable  for  its  elegance,  being  built  of  this  native  stone.  There  are 
several  churches  in  this  city,  embracing  all  the  more  prominent  Christian  denominations,  three  or 
four  fine  boarding  schools,  and  good  public  schools.  The  County  Institutions  are  of  the  usual 
nature,  and  there  are  six  different  newspapers  published  in  the  place,  some  of  which  issue  daily  and 
weekly  editions. 


LANCASTER. 


Located  in  the  heart  of  a  grand  farming  district  which  has  been  styled  the  "  garden  spot  of 
Pennsylvania,"  near  Constoga  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  about  70  miles  from 
Philadelphia.  Lancaster  was  the  capital  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  from  1799  until  1812,  and 
is  still  tlie  seat  of  justice  of  Lancaster  County.  It  was  projected  about  1730,  and  its  city  incorpora- 
tion bears  the  date  of  1818.  When  it  is  remembered  tliat  the  county,  of  which  this  old  town  is  the 
center,  is  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the  State  for  combined  agricultural  and  mineral  wealth,  and  that 
while  the  county  contains  over  12.j,000  people,  this  place  has  during  the  lapse  of  over  one  hundred 
and  thirty  years,  only  reached  a  population  of  25,000,  it  will  be  surmised  that  the  spirit  of  American 
enterprise  has  for  some  cause  been  discovuaged,  and  rendered  powerless  to  act  iu  that  vigorous 


HOME      BUILDING.  327 

manner  commensurate  with  such  surroundings  and  facilities,  and  can  only  be  harmonized  by  the 
c«mclufiion  that  during  the  past  years  which  have  witnessed,  one  by  one,  the  bones  of  the  original 
Dutch  settlers  drop  into  the  cartli,  thcru  mint  h  ive  reigned  a  disposition  of  what  is  now  styled  nld- 
fogyism,  to  such  an  extent  as  to  paralyze  the  growth  of  that  enterprise  so  needful  for  the  building 
up  of  great  business  centers.  The  health  record  of  this  city  and  county  is  as  good  as  any  in  the 
State,  and  there  is  noio  a  manifest  disposition  to  maintain  the  reputation  of  Lancaster  in  that  direc- 
tion, by  laying  well-devised  systems  of  sewers  and  providing  the  city  with  a  plentiful  supply  of 
good,  pure  water. 

The  Hotels  of  the  place  are  numerous,  and  one  of  them,  at  least — the  Stevens  House,  a  new  es- 
tablishment— is  organized  and  conducted  on  modern  principles,  contains  all  the  modern  improve- 
ments, and  has  accommodations  for  over  300  guests.  The  City  Hotel  is  an  average  house  and 
charges  $2  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  this  important  center  are  of  a  useful  and  profitable  nature,  and  are  intimately 
connected  with  the  natural  products  of  the  surrounding  country.  The  remarkable  fertility  of  the 
soil,  which  returns  the  husbandmaa  rich  reward  for  care  and  labor,  has  thrown  in  its  mite  toward 
the  success  of  extensive  factories  and  mills  producing  Threshing  Machines,  Axes,  Carriages,  Flour 
and  Agricultural  appliances  of  different  natures,  while  great  deposits  of  mineral  products  have 
caused  to  spring  up  Founderies,  Rolling  Mills,  Mc.chine  Shops  and  Locomotive  Works;  and,  beside 
all  these,  there  are  several  large  Cotton  Mills,  giving  employment  to  about  2,000  operatives.  Among 
the  minerals  found  in  Lancaster  County  are  iron,  zinc,  lead,  and  it  is  said  the  nickel  mines  are  the 
largest  of  the  kind  in  the  world. 

The  Institutions  of  Lancaster  are  of  the  usual  nature  of  such  cities  in  this  State,  and  show  signs 
of  forward  movement  which  would  indicate  a  more  rapid  progress  in  the  near  future  than  has  been 
the  experience  of  the  place  in  the  average  past ;  among  them  are  thirty-five  places  of  worship 
divided  among  most  of  the  prominent  Christian  sects,  twenty-two  public  schools  and  one  high 
school,  several  private  schools,  and  the  Franklin  and  Marshall  College  is  located  within  the  city 
limits,  and  there  is  also  a  Theological  Seminary,  and  the  State  Normal  School  is  situated  at  Millen- 
ville,  about  five  miles  out  in  the  country,  which  is  reached  from  the  city  by  a  horse  railroad. 

The  county  buildings  and  several  of  the  churches  are  of  a  remarkably  fine  character,  while  the 
private  dwellings  are  also  of  a  good  class,  and  many  of  them  very  pretty.  Brick  and  stone  are  the 
prevailing  materials  used  in  building,  and  are  obtainable  at  low  rates. 

Farms  and  lots  in  the  county  or  town  are  of  the  most  desirable  nature,  and  are  not  held  at  ex- 
travagant prices.  Mr.  John  M.  Cowcll,  o4  N.  Duke  Street,  Lancaster,  Pa.,  is  a  proper  and  trustworthy 
person  to  communicate  with  in  reference  to  either  lots  or  farms,  or,  in  fact,  any  other  matters 
connected  with  the  important  subject  the  interests  of  which  we  are  now  endeavoring  to  advance. 
There  is  no  doubt  but  capital  controlled  by  enterprising  men  can  find  as  profitable  investment 
in  this  locality  as  any  other  in  the  State,  and  such  cannot  be  the  case  without  causing  it  to  be 
an  unusually  inviting  one  for  those  who  may  only  be  seeking  a  place  in  which  they  may  obtain 
the  greatest  number  of  helps  toward  "Home  Building."  In  either  event,  we  have  introduced  the 
name  of  Mr.  Crowell,  as  one  from  whom  reliable  advice  and  aid  can  be  obtained.  The  spirit  of 
journalism  in  this  city  is  at  a  high  pressure,  and  there  are  being  successfully  published  19  news- 
papers and  periodicals,  including  dailies,  weeklies  and  monthlies,  the  characters  of  which  partake 
of  independent,  political,  and  religious  natures,  and  some  of  which  have  quite  a  large  circulation. 


328  HOME      BUILDING. 


HANOV£R. 

This  interesting  town  is  located  in  the  south-west  corner  of  York  County,  Penn.,  IS  miles  from 
York,  the  county  seat,  44  from  Harrisburgh,  and  is  reached  by  the  N.  C.  Railroad  to  York,  and  the 
H.  and  Y.  Railroad  to  Hanover.  The  point  was  first  settled  in  1765,  and  has  at  present  a  popula- 
tion of  2,500  people,  who  are  mostly  of  German  descent.  The  place  is  very  healthy,  and  the  climate 
fine  and  salubrious. 

The  county  is  a  fine  farming  region,  and  is  largely  engaged  in  the  culture  of  tobacco.  There 
are  four  well-drained,  graded  and  macadamized  streets,  and  many  good-looking  buildings.  Most 
of  the  dwelling-houses  are  owned  bj-  their  occupants,  and,  such  as  can  be  rented,  bring  from  $100 
to  $200  apiece,  per  annum. 

The  principal  Industries  of  the  town  are  the  manufacture  of  Carriages  and  Cigars,  Bark- 
grinding,  and  various  other  pursuits  connected  with  town  and  country  life. 

The  Institutions  are  embraced  in  five  churches,  seven  public,  and  one  private  school.  There 
are  also  four  newspapers  published  in  the  place,  one  of  which,  the  "  Hanover  Herald,"  has  a  fine 
circulation,  and  is  an  independent,  popular  sheet.  It  is  edited  and  published  by  Mr.  M.  O.  Smith,  and 
is  issued  every  Saturday  at  the  subscription  price  of  $1  50  per  year.  This  paper  is  one  of  the  best 
advertising  mediums  in  the  county,  and  would,  no  doubt,  richly  reward  the  subscriber,  no  matter 
what  part  of  the  country  he  may  happen  to  reside  in,  as  it  is  independent,  crisp  and  newsy. 


BEDFORD, 

The  county  seat  of  Bedford  County,  is  located  on  a  high  elevation  between  two  lofty  ridges  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains,  one  of  which  lifts  up  to  a  hight  of  over  1,200  feet  above  the  town,  and 
on  the  Raystown  branch  of  the  Juniata  River.  It  is  reached  via  Pennsylvania  Central  Railroad  to 
Huntingdon,  and  via  Huntingdon  and  Broadtep  Railroad  to  Bedford.  This  town  was  settled  in 
1770,  and  has  a  population,  at  present,  of  nearly  3,000. 

There  are  about  half-a-dozen  Hotels  in  the  place,  all  charging  $2  per  day,  the  Mengel  House 
being  most  highly  recommended.  This  is  one  of  the  high,  fine,  healthy  sections  of  Bedford  Co., 
Penn.,  that  many  constitutions  would  be  greatly  benefited  by  choosing  for  a  home  center. 

The  Industries  of  this  locality  are  connected  with  the  Lumber  and  Coal  interests  and  farming; 
and,  although  there  are  mountains  of  iron  in  the  county,  there  are  no  mines  of  that  mineral  yet 
developed  to  any  considerable  extent. 

Bedford  Springs  are  about  a  mile  from  the  town,  where  there  is  an  extensive  hotel — the  Bed- 
ford Springs  Hotel — where  large  numbers  of  people  congregate  during  the  Summer  months.  The 
spring  water  contains  carbonic  acid,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime  and  murate  of  soda, 
and  is  very  useful  to  certain  forms  of  chronic  infirmities  to  which  mankind  is  heir,  while  the  splen- 
did atmosphere  of  the  place  is  also  invigorating.  There  are  five  or  six  churches  in  the  place,  public 
and  graded  schools,  and  the  usual  county  institutions.  There  are  two  newspapers  published  in  the 
town,  one  of  which,  the  "  Bedford  Gazette,"  was  established  so  long  ago  as  1805.  It  has  a  large 
local  circulation,  and  is  a  good  advertising  medium,  and  any  inquiry  directed  to  the  "Bedford 
Gazette,"  Bedford,  Penn.,  with  reference  to  any  matters  connected  with  "Home  Building"  in  the 
locality  would  elicit  full  and  valuable  particulars.  This  is  one  of  the  centers  which  is  destined  in 
the  future  to  develop  enterprise,  in  connection  with  its  vast  iron  deposits,  which  will  surpass  the 
present  expectations  of  those  who  have  already  chosen  it  as  their  home,  and  will  engage  the  capital 
and  labor  of  those  who,  as  yet,  know  nothing  of  the  fact  of  the  existence  of  such  grand  opportimi- 


lioi\rE    BUiLDiN(J.  329 

ties  for  investment.  The  iron  and  the  coal  for  manufacturing  it  lay  in  high  ridges,  and  the  val- 
leys are  waiting  and  slumbering  unto  the  day  when  they  shall  thunder  with  the  noise  of  the  furnace 
and  rolling  mill. 


CLEARFIELD. 


This  interesting  coal  and  lumber  center  is  the  capital  of  Clearfield  County,  Pa.  This  county  is 
one  of  the  largest  in  the  State,  and  is  located  within  a  few  miles  of  the  center  of  it.  It  is  reached 
via  the  Pennsylvania  Central  Railroad  to  Tyrone,  and  from  thence  by  branch  to  Clearfit-ld.  It  is 
quite  beautifully  situated  on  the  west  branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  is  a  healthy  locality. 

Coal  and  lumber  are  the  principal  articles  with  which  the  industries  of  tlie  people  of  this  town 
are  engaged.     The  place  is  comparatively  a  new  one,  and  has  a  population  of  about  2,000. 

The  Institutions  located  here  are  those  connected  with  the  county  affairs  and  offices,  several 
churches,  good  public  schools,  a  bank,  and  two  newspapers.  There  are  interesting  features  in  con- 
nection with  this  great  central  portion  of  the  State,  which  would  profit  those  looking  in  its  direction 
to  make  particular  detail  inquiry  concerning,  and  we  refer  those  interested,  or  any  desiring  to  be- 
come interested  in  the  locality,  to  Ilr.  George  Thorn,  Clearfield,  Pa.  Mr.  Thorn  is  a  contractor  and 
builder,  and  is  also  manufacturing  Flooring,  Siding,  Doors,  Sash,  Blinds,  Moldings,  Brackets, 
Newels,  Rails  and  Balusters,  of  many  varieties,  and  other  articles  needful  in  house-building,  and  is 
therefore  thoroughly  prepared  to  build  at  the  lowest  living  rates,  and  is  fully  posted  with  reference 
to  lots,  lands,  and  all  other  matters  concerning  home  builders  in  Clearfield  County  or  town. 

Curwinsrille  is  another  thriving  lumber  center,  on  the  west  branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
and  is  about  six  miles  south-west  of  Clearfield,  in  Clearfield  County,  Pa.  We  have  introduced  this, 
with  other  lumber  centers,  partly  because  of  the  general  interest  taken  in  them  by  all  house  builders 
who  desire  to  know  where  the  lumber  comes  from. 

In  connection  with  this  town  we  cheerfully  recommend  to  our  readers  Mr.  Wm,  H.  Miller,  Cur- 
winsville,  Clearfield  Co.,  Pa.,  for  detail  information.  Mr.  Miller  is  an  architect  and  builder,  and  is 
also  engaged  in  designing  and  building  bridges  of  all  descriptions,  as  well  as  dwelling-houses  or 
public  buildings.  We  are  always  glad  to  be  able  to  refer  our  readers  to  practical  men,  who  are  in- 
terested in  the  locality  of  which  we  are  speaking,  and  who  are  reliable,  go-a-head  parties,  as  the  in- 
formation derived  from  such  men  is  trustworthy  and  valuable. 


CHESTER. 


Among  the  old  cities  and  towns  of  Pennsylvania  this  one  stands  foremost.  It  is  located  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  Delaware  River,  15  miles  south-west  of  Philadelphia,  on  the  Philadelphia  and 
Wilmington  Railroad,  which,  with  the  river,  affords  excellent  means  of  travel  and  transportation. 
In  1643,  this  point  was  selected  by  a  colony  of  Swedes,  and  was  called  upland.  In  1G82,  the  gov- 
ernment of  William  Penn  convened  its  Provincial  Assembly  at  this  place,  and  it  was  the  county 
seat  of  Chester  County  from  1G82  until  1789,  over  a  hundred  years,  at  which  time  Delaware  County 
was  formed.  It  is  a  healthy  locality,  and  within  the  past  15  years  has  doubled  its  population  two  or 
three  times,  having  now  over  12,000  inhabitants.  There  are  several  fair  Hotels  in  the  city,  among 
them  the  City  Hotel,  Delaware  and  Morris  Houses,  and  the  Columbia  House  which  charges  $2  50 
per  day. 


330  HOME      BUILDING. 

The  Indastries  of  Chester  include  Iron  and  Wooden  Ship-building,  Cotton  and  Woolen  Mills, 
and  a  variety  of  concerns  connected  with  the  building,  agricultural,  and  general  interests  of  the 
town  and  locality.  There  are  among  tlie  various  Institutions  ten  churclies,  the  best  of  public  and 
private  schools,  banks,  four  weekly  and  one  daily  newspaper.  Rents  and  living  are  at  a  low  aver- 
age; lots  are  moderate  in  prices,  and  the  expo-ure — the  town  being  on  a  southern  slope — is  fine. 

Mr.  W.  C.  Gray,  Chester,  Pa.,  is  a  desirable  party  to  whom  any  maj-  apply  for  prices  of  lots  in 
any  particular  localities,  or  for  information  with  reference  to  farming  lands,  their  values,  qualities, 
terms,  and  for  other  information  in  connection  with  the  above  and  kindred  subjects. 


WILMINGTON. 


This  fine  old  city  is  the  largest  and  most  important  in  the  State  of  Delaware.  It  is  28  miles 
south-west  of  Philadelphia,  via  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  and  Baltimore  Railroad,  and  is  on  the 
Christiana  Creek,  just  above  its  confluence  with  the  Brandywine,  about  two  miles  from  the  Dela- 
ware River,  in  Newcastle  County,  Del.  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  settled  places 
in  the  State,  having  been  occupied  by  the  Swedes  in  1(538.  The  Delaware  Railroad  connects  this 
city  with  the  southern  extremity  of  the  State,  passing  through  the  entire  length  of  the  State,  and 
having  several  branches  to  other  important  points,  and  there  are  one  or  two  useful  branch  roads 
which  penetrate  Pennsylvania  in  a  north-westerly  direction. 

The  past  fifteen  years  has  seen  a  rapid  growth  of  population  take  place  in  this  city,  it  having 
nearly  doubled  within  that  time,  and  being  at  present  about  40,000.  Wilmington  is  the  undisputed 
metropolis  of  Delaware,  and  has  a  fine  situation,  the  upper  portion  of  it  laying  on  the  southern 
slope  of  an  eminence  which  rises  to  an  elevation  of  considerable  over  a  hundred  feet,  and  from 
which  a  fine  view  of  the  lower,  old  part  of  the  city  and  a  splendid  stretch  of  the  Delaware  River 
may  be  seen. 

Tlie  Industrial  Interests  of  Wilmington  are  of  an  important  and  useful  nature,  and  are  the 
fruitful  source  of  an  extended  commerce.  The  fertile  gardens  and  farms  of  Dv^laware,  especially 
of  Newcastle  County,  yield  great  crops  of  Peaches  and  other  fruit.  Melons,  and  a  variety  of  vegeta- 
bles, tubers,  and  grains,  which  find  shipment  from  this  point,  and  are  consumed  by  the  patrons  of 
the  markets  of  many  of  the  great  cities  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  reacliing  as  far  north  as  Boston,  3Iass. 
The  manufactures  of  this  city  are  principally  those  producing  Steamships,  Cars,  Locomotives, 
Heavy  and  Light  Machinery,  Morocco  and  other  leather,  Iron  in  various  forms.  Furniture,  Vulcan- 
ized Rubber,  Paper,  Cotton,  Powder,  Carriages,  Shoes,  Woolen  Goods,  Farming  Implements,  and  a 
variety  of  other  useful  and  ornamental  articles,  all  of  which  find  easy  and  economical  transporta- 
tion, both  by  water  and  rail,  to  the  best  markets  in  the  States. 

Wilmington  has  the  reputation  of  being  a  very  heallhy  locality,  and  has  a  number  of  good  and 
apparently  successful  Hotels,  which  supply  their  guests  with  comfortable  quarters  and  a  bountiful 
table.  Among  them  the  Clayton  House  stands  first,  $3  50  per  day,  the  Delaware  and  Washington 
Houses  and  United  States  Hotel  charging  $2  50  per  day. 

Among  the  Institutions  of  Wilmington  are  about  40  churches,  embracing  all  the  leading 
Christian  denominations,  which  are  maintaining  Sabbath-schools,  and  a  number  of  other  useful  or- 
ganizations. There  are  finely-conducted  public  and  privute  schools,  and  a  high  school  of  superior 
grade.  Also,  several  banks,  insurance  offices,  an  institute — which  contains  a  scientific  lecture-room 
and  a  library  of  about  10,000  volumes — and  many  other  institutions.  The  city  is  protected  from 
conflagration  by  an  efficient  fire  department,  and  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Brandywine. 
There  are  published  in  Wilmington  three  daily  morning  papers,  one  evening,  and  three  weeklies. 

Real  Estate  in  this  city  is  much  lower  than  the  same  quality  of  lots  or  houses  range  at  in  the 
suburbs  of  New  York  that  approach  anyway  near  to  its  size  or  character.     Nearly  all  mechanics 


II  O  M  E      H  II  I  L  D  I  N  G  .  331 

here  are  owners  of  their  own  houses.  Fine  lots  can  be  had  that  are  drained  in  the  best  manner  for 
$50  a  foot,  or  about  $800  to  $1,000  per  city  lot,  while  the  range  is  about  $30  to  $150  per  front  fnot. 
The  buildings  of  Wilmington  are  mostly  brick  and  stone,  and  a  nice  house  of  ten  rooms,  with 
modern  improvements,  can  be  rented  for  $G00  per  year,  and  others  in  the  same  proportion.  The 
farms  and  gardens  in  this  county  are  noted  for  their  fortilitj'-,  and  are  obtainable  at  moderate 
figures.  In  connection  with  this  subject  we  are  happy  to  be  able  to  refer  our  readers  to  M.  M. 
Child«&  Co.,  Real  Estate  Agents,  &c.,  No.  4  "West  Seventh  Street,  Wilmington,  Del.,  to  whom  all  may 
apply  who  may  wish  for  particulars  with  reference  to  any  special  information  in  connection  with 
lands,  lots,  houses,  or  other  matters ;  and,  as  we  consider  Wilmington  among  the  important  and  inter- 
esting places  of  our  list,  we  invite  inquiry.    . 


We  here  omit  from  our  list  of  places  described  several  names,  some  of  which  are  among  the 
most  prominent  in  the  country,  such  as  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  Washington,  D.  C,  it  not  being  our 
purpose,  in  this  work,  to  do  more  than  include  them  in  our  statistical  tables,  which  is  the  really 
practical  part  of  the  work.  We  have  made  a  wide  stretch  between  our  last  described  place,  and  the 
one  which  follows  these  remark^^ ;  and  shall  not  follow  so  close,  or  long  upon  a  given  route,  as  we  have 
in  past  instances  until  we  shall  reach  Omaha,  Neb.,  although,  in  our  tables,  we  have  preserved  the 
same  connected  system,  only  dropping  out  from  our  descriptive  list  a  greater  number  of  towns  and 
cities  than  we  have  on  some  routes  previously  taken  up  and  followed. 


STEUBENVILLE. 

Beautifully  located  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  43  miles  west  of  Pittsburgh,  via  the 
Pan  Handle  Railroad,  and  488  miles  from  New  York.  It  is  the  capital  of  Jefferson  County,  Oliio, 
was  first  settled  in  1798,  and  laid  out  for  a  town  by  old  Baron  Steuben  in  1890.  It  stands  on  a  high 
plain,  is  well  drained  and  sewered,  and  is  considered  a  hea'thy  city  in  every  respect,  except  for 
throat  diseases.  The  growth  of  this  place  has  been  steady,  although  at  no  time  excessively  rapid, 
its  present  number  of  inhabitants  being  over  14,000.  It  has  a  number  of  good  Hotels,  the  Cochran 
Central  being  considered  by  some  of  the  citizens  the  superior  one. 

The  Industrial  Enterprises  of  Steubenvilie  have  long  attracted  profitable  patronage,  and  are 
from  time  to  time  increasing  in  importance  and  extent.  They  are  principallj'  connected  with  the 
production  and  manufacture  of  Iron,  Nails,  Machinery,  Flour,  Glass,  Paper,  Woolen  Goods,  and 
other  articles;  while  the  river  and  railroads  facilitate  transportation,  and  the  vast  supplies  of 
the  best  soft  coal  and  iron  ores  in  the  immediate  vicinity  greatly  augment  the  advantages  of  the 
place  for  its  undertakings.  The  lands  of  this  vicinity  are  considered  heavy,  and  are  excellent  for 
the  production  of  wheat,  grazing,  and  kindred  uses. 

The  Institutions  of  the  place  consist  of  four  Presbyterian,  four  Methodist,  one  Episcopal,  one 
German  Lutheran,  one  Congregation alist,  one  Disciples,  one  Catholic,  and  two  other  factions  of 
Methodist  Churches;  the  public  schools  are  ample,  and  of  a  superior  character,  and  there  is  beside 
an  academy  for  boys  and  an  old  and  well-establisiied  female  seminary  under  the  care  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church.  There  are  also  two  or  three  banks,  two  daily  and  two  weekly  newspapers,  and  a 
number  of  coun'y  and  municipal  institutions  o"  1  enevolent  and  beneficial  character. 

Real  Estate,  at  this  time,  is  at  a  low  ebb,  althougli  it  is  claimed  on  the  part  of  those  who  are 
best  informed  with  reference  to  the  various  prospects  of  the  place,  that  there  is  no  doubt  bui  as 
soon  as  there  is  a  giineral  revival  of  business,  real  estate  will  advance  rapidly  from  25  to  50  per  cent. 


332  HOME      BUILDING. 

within  two  or  three  years.  There  is  a  genereus  supply  of  good  stone  for  building  purposes  at  this 
point,  and  brick  are  made  on  the  spot,  of  a  good  quality,  and  at  an  average  cost;  and  it  can  be 
readily  seen  by  a  glance  at  our  tables  that  the  cost  of  building  and  living  are  at  a  low  average. 


WHEELING. 

At  the  founding  of  the  State  of  West  Virginia,  Wheeling  became  its  capital,  which,  about  the 
time  of  the  completion  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railroad,  was  removed  to  Charleston.  It  is  the 
county  seat  of  Ohio  County,  and  is  finely  located  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  both 
sides  of  the  Wheeling  Creek,  90  miles  below  Pittsburgh,  by  way  of  the  River.  The  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Railroad  runs  a  branch  from  Grafton,  West  Virginia,  to  this  point,  a  distance  of  99  miles,  and  it 
is  connected  by  the  Cleveland  and  Pittsburgh  Railroad  with  these  cities.  The  Central  Ohio  Railroad 
is  its  direct  connecting  link  with  Cincinnati,  and  by  these  different  routes,  and  the  Ohio  River,  and 
all  their  varied  connecting  links  with  all  the  great  centers  in  the  world,  Wheeling  need  not  wane 
because  of  a  lack  of  commercial  facilities. 

This  fine  city  was  projected  about  1770,  and  became  the  county  seat  in  1797.  It  stands  on  a 
rather  narrow  strip  of  level  lands,  situated  between  the  river  and  a  high  range  of  hills  on  the  east, 
which  contain  great  deposits  of  bituminous  coal. '  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  has  made  a  vigorous 
growth,  especially  during  the  past  15  years,  reaching  at  this  time  a  population  of  nearly  30,000. 
The  Hotels  of  the  place  are  fully  up  to  the  average  for  cities  of  its  grade.  Among  them  are  the 
McLure  House,  St.  James  Hotel,  and  Grant  House,  $3  per  day;  and  the  Stamm  and  Keim  Houses, 
charging  $3  per  day.  The  health  of  Wheeling  has  been  maintained  by  giving  attention  to  drainage 
and  sewerage,  and  shows  as  fair  an  average  as  most  of  the  Ohio  River  cities.  The  commercial  and 
manufacturing  Industries  of  this  city  are  of  an  important  and  profitable  character,  and  among  the 
latter  are  a  large  number  of  Founderies,  Forges,  Machine  Shops,  and  other  establishments  manufac- 
turing great  quantities  of  Cotton  Goods,  White  Lead,  Leather,  Glassware,  Flour,  Woolen  Goods, 
Paper,  and  many  other  articles.  The  natural  and  agricultural  products  of  the  surrounding  country 
combined  with  the  facilities  for  transportation  which  this  city  posesses,  afford  unusual  advantages 
for  the  profitable  prosecution  of  these  industries,  and  are  working  together  to  maintain  the  prestige 
of  Wheeling  as  the  metropolis  of  West  Virginia. 

The  Institutions  of  this  city  embrace  a  large  number  of  churches,  several  academies,  banks  of 
deposit  and  savings,  county  and  city  institutions,  and  six  newspaper  offices,  some  of  which  issue 
dailies  and  weeklies*  and  there  are  a  nximber  of  organizations  of  a  purely  beneficial  character. 


ZAXESVILLE. 

This  fine  city  is  located  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Muskingum  River,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Licking  River,  about  89  miles  from  Wheeling,  West  Va.,  by  way  of  the  Central  Ohio  Railroad,  and 
about  60  miles  from  Columbus,  Ohio,  by  the  same  road.  It  is  the  county  seat  of  Muskingum  Co., 
Ohio,  and  was  during  the  years  1811  and  1813  the  capital  of  the  State,  previous  to  the  removal  of 
the  seat  of  the  State  Government  to  Columbus. 

It  was  laid  out  about  1799,  and  has  a  present  population  of  30,000.  It  is  beautifully  situated  and 
laid  out,  with  broad,  shady  streets,  and  many  elegant  dwellings  and  grounds,  and  is  a  very  healthy 
locality.  It  is  reached  by  the  Cincinnati  and  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  the  Pittsburgh,  Cincin- 
nati and  St.  Louis  Raihoad,  and  the  Muskingum  River,  which  is  a  navigable  stream  to  this  point 


HOME      BUILDING.  333 

These  facilities  for  transportation,  combined  with  all  the  different  roads  and  rivers  connected  with 
them,  afford  the  manufacturers  and  merchants  of  the  place  very  great  advantages  for  carrying  on 
their  enterprises.  Among  the  Hotels  of  this  city  are  the  Zane  House,  $3  per  day  ;  the  Kirk  House, 
$2  per  day,  and  the  Sherman  House,  $1  25  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Zanesville  and  the  natural  facilities  afforded  for  their  successful  prosecution 
are  not  surpassed  in  extent  and  importance  by  any  other  city  in  the  State  of  its  size,  and  are  of  such 
a  nature  that  will,  without  doubt,  before  many  years  greatly  increase  the  population  and  wealth  of  the 
inhabitants.  It  lays  in  the  center  of  the  great  iron  and  coal  region  of  the  State,  and  possesses  a  large 
number  of  manufacturers  of  Iron,  Machinery,  and  Agricultural  Implements.  There  are,  beside  the 
workers  in  iron,  several  extensive  Glass  Works,  Door,  Sash  and  Furniture  Factories,  Cotton,  Flour- 
ing, "Woolen,  and  Paper  Mills,  and  manufacturers  of  Candies  and  Confections,  Burial-Cases,  Stone 
and  Pottery  Ware  and  Floor  Tiles.  All  these  enterprises  seem  to  be  panic  proof,  and  do  not  appear 
to  have  been  affected  by  the  general  depressing  causes  which  have  swept  over  the  country  for  the 
past  few  years. 

The  Institutions  of  Zanesville  are  very  noticeable  for  their  character  and  extent;  there  are  over 
23  churches,  which  are  divided  among  the  Presbyterians,  Baptists,  Methodists,  Episcopalians, 
Lutheran,  United  Brethren,  and  one  or  two  other  denominations.  The  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association,  has  a  reading  room  open  at  all  hours  of  the  day  or  evening,  and  maintains  meetings 
of  a  religious  nature,  which  are  generally  held  in  some  one  of  the  halls  of  the  city. 

The  public  schools  are  of  the  most  superior  class,  and  have  connected  with  them  a  high  school 
which  requires  three  years  to  graduate  the  student,  and  which  includes  a  commercial  course,  afford- 
ing the  graduate  a  complete  commercial  education;  and  there  is  also  a  female  seminary,  an 
academy,  a  commercial  college,  and  good  libraries  in  this  city,  while  the  county  contains  the 
Muskingum  and  McCorkle  Colleges. 

For  information  of  a  detail  character  we  refer  the  reader  to  Mr.  A.  C.  Ross,  fire  and  life  insur- 
ance, and  European  drafts  and  passenger  ticket  agent.  No.  132  Main  Street,  Zanesville,  Ohio.  And 
also  to  a  pamphlet  prepared  by  the  Board  of  Trade  of  Zanesville,  which  can  be  obtained  through 
Mr.  Ross,  by  asking  through  the  mail,  and  which  is  very  full  and  interesting,  and  for  which  we  re- 
commend all  to  send. 


COLUMBUS. 


We  need  not  enter  into  any  extended  remarks  regarding  this  splendid  city  and  capital  of  the 
State  of  Ohio.  It  is  located  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Sciota  River,  and  is  the  county  seat  of  Frank- 
lin County.  The  site  upon  which  it  stands  is  comparatively  level,  with  sufficient  roll  to  afford  good 
surface  drainage,  and  is  pleasant  and  very  fertile.  It  is  638  miles  distant  from  New  York, 
via  the  "  Pan  Handle"  route  to  Chicago,  193  miles  west  of  Pittsburgh,  and  about  120  miles  from 
Cincinnati.  Columbus  was  laid  out  in  1812,  in  the  heart  of  an  unbroken  forest;  was  the  same  year 
chosen  as  the  capital  of  the  State,  and  was  incorporated  in  1816.  Its  streets  are  remarkably  broad, 
and  are  adorned  with  magnificent  shade  trees  and  many  elegant  dwellings.  Broad  Street  is  120  feet 
wide,  and  some  of  the  other  streets  are  100  feet  wide. 

The  Jiealthfulness  of  Columbus  has  proved  to  be  of  a  high  standard,  and  its  growth  has  been  of 
a  steady,  vigorous,  abiding  nature,  and  it  now  possesses  a  population  of  about  50,000,  and  has  many 
fine  Hotels,  among  which  are  the  Neil  House,  $3  per  day;  the  American  House,  $2  50,  and  the 
United  States  Hotel,  $2  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  this  capital  are  of  a  general  but  very  important  character;  it  is  surrounded 
by  one  of  the  finest  agricultural  districts  in  Ohio,  and  has  railroads  connecting  it  with  all  parts  of 
the  State,  and  a  branch  of  the  Ohio  Canal  connects  it  with  the  different  great  water  routes,  and 


334  HOME      BUILDING. 

affords  it  the  means  of  cheap  transportation  common  to  them.  It  lays  within  easy  reach  of  the 
great  iron  and  coal  belts  of  the  State,  which  is  intersected  by  both  rail  and  canal  routes,  and  sup- 
plier the  materials  and  fuel  for  converting  tiiem  into  many  useful  forms.  Tlie  Sciota  River  presents 
tlie  opportunity  of  milling  by  the  use  of  an  economical  motor,  and  many  Flouring,  Paper,  and  other 
mills  are  utilizing  its  power. 

The  Institutions  of  Columbus  are  also  of  an  exceedingly  important  character,  and  are  varied 
and  extensive  in  their  nature.  There  are  about  35  cliurches,  some  of  which  have  splendid  houses  of 
worship,  and  all  are,  apparently,  actively  engaged  for  general  good.  The  public  scliool  system  is 
among  the  best  and  most  advanced  in  the  State,  while  tliere  are  high  schools,  academies,  and  uni- 
versities of  high  reputation,  and  many  other  educational  fountains.  The  State  and  County  Institu- 
tions are  of  an  extensive  and  valuable  nature,  and  some  of  them  occupy  buildings  well-known  for 
their  superior  build  and  style;  beside,  there  are  many  newspapers,  banks,  and  other  institutions  and 
aids  in  the  great  work  of  "Home  Building,"  and  abettors  of  civilization. 


FREDRICKSBURG. 

At  the  head  of  tide  water  on  the  Rappahannock  River,  in  a  fine  fertile  valley,  and  on  the  Rich- 
mond and  Fredricksburg  Railroad,  about  21  miles  from  Washington,  D.  C,  and  62  miles  from  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  and  in  Spotsylvania  County,  Va.,  is  located  this  pleasant  town.  It  is  one  of  the  longest 
settled  places  in  the  county;  is  considered  perfectly  7ieaZ^7i?/,  and  has  a  population  of  over  5,000. 
There  is  considerable  travel  which  rests  at  this  point,  and  there  are  a  few  fair  Hotels,  among  them 
the  Exchange  Hotel,  $2  50  per  day;  and  the  Walker  House,  $1  50  per  day.  The  Rappahannock 
River  affords  an  excellent  water-power  privilege,  and  a  canal  extends  from  this  place  to  a  point 
about  40  miles  up  the  river. 

The  Industries  of  the  place  are  an  important  sustaining  feature  of  its  prosperity,  and  find  many 
advantages  in  the  locality  for  their  successful  prosecution.  There  are  two  Founderies  and  Plow 
Factories,  one  Paper  Mill,  one  Cotton  Mill,  three-  Flouring  Mills,  two  Spoke  Factories  and  Planing 
Mills,  and  other  mills  and  shops,  and  there  is  also  a  considerable  commerce  carried  on  with  the  sur- 
rounding country  and  other  cities. 

The  Institutions  of  Fredricksburg  mainly  consist  in  about  eight  churches,  which  are  divided 
among  the  Baptists,  Presbyterians,  Episcopalians,  Methodists,  and  Roman  Catholics,  and  of  which 
tliere  are  colored  Baptist  and  Methodist  Churches.  There  are  excellent  white  and  colored  public 
schools,  a  number  of  private  schools,  and  a  military  academy. 

Real  Estate.  There  are  very  few  vacant  houses  in  this  city,  although  the  rents  nre  very  low 
when  obtained,  ranging  from  $10  to  $25  per  month.  Lots  are  low  in  prices,  and  are  well-drained, 
sloping  to  the  river.  Farms  in  the  county  range  from  $5  to  $50  per  acre,  and  are  principally  culti- 
vated in  wheat  and  corn,  finding  good  markets  for  grain  or  vegetables  in  Richmond,  Washington, 
Baltimore  and  New  York,  by  boat  and  rail.  Brick  are  made  in  the  locality,  and  there  is  abundance 
uf  pine  lumber,  stone,  and  sand  native  of  the  place.  The  climate  is  good,  not  being  subject  to  ex- 
cessive cold,  and  the  cost  of  living  is  comparatively  low  in  every  respect. 

The  mother  of  George  Washington  lived,  died,  and  was  buried  in  this  fine  old  town.  The  house 
in  which  she  died  is  still  in  a  good  state  of  preservation,  and  a  monument  marks  her  last  resting- 
plaee.  All  who  desire  further  information  should  address  Mr.  S.  B.  Kearsley,  general  insurance 
agent,  Fredericksburg,  Va.  Mr.  K.  is  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  locality,  and  is  the  representa- 
tive of  about  $16,000,000  of  capital  in  his  line,  and  one  could  not  do  better  than  engage  him  in  any 
way  they  may  need  help  in  insurance  or  real  estate  matters.  There  are  three  newspapers  published 
in  Fredericksburg. 


HOME      BUILDING.  330 


LYNCHBURG. 

This  is  one  of  the  finest  representative  towns  of  llie  interior  of  the  famous  old  State  of  Virginia, 
and  is  located  in  Campbell  County,  on  the  James  Elver,  and  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  and  Oliio 
Railroad,  204  miles  from  Norfolk,  Va.  The  town  was  laid  out  in  1789,  at  which  time  il  was  known 
as  Lynch's  Ferry.  It  stands  on  the  south  side  of  the  James  Kiver  on  a  high,  rapidly-sloping  site,  is 
most  completely  drained,  and  is  a  very  salubrious  climate — seldom  freezing  over  three  or  four  inches 
deep,  and  not  ranging  above  80  degrees  in  the  Summer  season.  The  liealthfulness  of  the  place  is  of 
the  very  best  character,  and  the  present  population  is  over  12,000.  The  Piedmont,  Orange  and 
Alexandria  Railroad  also  centers  at  this  point,  and  the  James  River  and  Kanawha  Canal  connect  it 
with  Richmond,  Va.,  from  which  it  is  distant,  by  canal,  147  miles  eastward,  and  with  Buchanan  50 
miles  to  the  westward.  There  are  a  larger  number  of  Hotels  at  this  place  than  any  other  of  its  size 
in  the  State,  the  JMorvell  House,  $3  per  day,  taking  the  lead;  the  Washington,  Piedmont  and  Lynch 
Houses  charging  $2  50  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Lynchburg  are  very  largely  identified  with  the  agricultural  resources  of  the 
great  fertile  region  of  country  surrounding  it,  and  with  which  it  carries  on  an  extensive  and  protit- 
able  commerce.  The  manufacture  of  Tobacco  is  the  largest  enterprise  of  the  place,  principally 
plug  tobacco;  the  extent  to  which  it  is  carried  on  may  be  well  judged  of  when  it  is  stated  that  at 
present  it  yields  the  Government  an  internal  revenue  tax  of  f  1,3C0,C00  per  j-ear.  The  water-power 
atforded  by  the  river  at  this  point  is  of  a  splendid  character,  and  is  only  very  partially  developed. 
There  is,  however,  a  few  mills  employing  it  in  the  manufacture  of  Cottons,  Woolens,  Flour, 
Tobacco  and  other  articles. 

Institutions.  There  are  two  Baptist,  two  Presbyterian,  three  Methodist,  two  Episcopalian,  and 
one  Roman  Catholic  Church  in  the  city,  and  several  organizations  connected  with  them.  There  are 
four  large  public  schools,  one  high  school,  and  there  is  also  an  academy  for  boys  and  a  seminary 
for  girls  which  are  not  included  in  the  free  schools.  There  are  banks,  insurance  offices,  and  three 
daily  newspaper  offices  in  the  city. 

Real  Estate.  Rents  are  calculated  on  the  basis  of  6  per  cent,  on  the  value  of  the  property, 
which  is,  on  the  average,  quite  low.  Lots  are  all  well-drained  naturally,  the  city  standing  on  seven 
hills,  named  respectively.  Garland,  Court-House,  College,  Federal,  Dimond,  Daniels,  and  FrankUn 
Hills.  The  business  part  of  the  tow  n  is  well  sewered  and  drained  into  the  river.  The  surrounding 
country  is  very  fertile,  mostly  a  red  clay  soil,  which  yields  great  crops  of  wheat,  oats,  rye,  corn  and 
tobacco,  all  of  which — especially  the  latter — find  a  ready  market  at  good  cash  prices  in  this  city,  and 
the  lands  are  not  held  al  extravagant  rates.  There  are,  perhaps,  very  few  places  in  the  State  of 
Virginia  which  offer  better  inducements  to  the  enterprising  men  of  the  present  day  than  Lynchburg 
— it  is  in  the  midst  of  iron  and  coal,  has  a  splendid  water-power  facility,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  fer- 
tile country,  with  a  mild,  healthy  climate.  Further  Facts  may  be  readily  obtained  from  Peter  J. 
Oterj'  &  Co.,  No.  133  Main  Street,  Lynchburg,  Va.  This  firm  is  doing  business  as  general  insurmce 
agents,  and  its  members  are  acquainted  with  the  resources  of  the  locality.  Those  having  business 
in  their  line,  or  wishing  to  engage  their  services  in  real  estate  matters  can  do  so  to  much  advantage. 


HUNTINGTON. 


Among  the  more  important  towns  which  began  their  real  existence  during  the  building  or  about 
the  time  of  the  completion  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railroad  is  the  one  named  above.  It  is  lo- 
cated on  the  south  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  on  a  level  plain  or  bottom  lands,  about  two-and-a-half 
miles  wide,  which  terminates  with  gently  sloping  ridges,  very  different  from  the  high,  rolling  banks 


336  HOME      BUILDING. 

common  to  that  river,  and  at  present  the  terminus  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railroad,  421  miles 
from  Richmond,  Va. ,  in  the  north-east  corner  of  "Wayne  County,  "West  Va. 

This  town  was  projected  about  1868,  and  during  the  construction  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
Railroad,  and  about  the  time  of  its  completion,  it  grew  with  great  promise.  It  was  named  in  honor 
of  Mr.  C.  P.  Huntington,  the  President  of  the  road  at  that  time.  Passengers  for  Cincinnati  and  points 
west  take  steamboats  at  this  point,  and  at  Guyandotte,  five  miles  up  the  river. 

This  town  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  many  neat  dwellings,  good  stores,  and  one  or  two 
handsome  church  edifices.  It  has  about  2,000  inhabi  ants,  and  is,  so  far  as  tested,  as  Jiealthy  as  the 
average  of  Ohio  River  towns.  The  railroad  company  have  a  round-house,  repair,  and  construction 
shops  at  this  point,  and  there  are  other  small  industrial  interests  in  the  place. 

The  lands  in  the  vicinity  of  this  place  are  of  the  most  fertile  nature,  and  are  easily  tilled.  The 
site  of  the  town  is  high,  possibly  averaging  50  feet  above  high  water,  and  is  therefore  naturally  well 
drained.  The  future  will  connect  at  this  pomt  an  interior  route  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  cross  the  river 
on  a  fine  bridge,  and  run  a  second  route  along  the  Ohio  River's  northern  banks  to  Cincinnati,  Hun- 
tington becoming  a  central  instead  of  a  terminal  point  There  are  good  schools  in  the  place,  and 
there  are  several  reasons,  as  may  be  judged  from  this  sketch,  which  tend  to  attract  attention  to  the 
locality. 

Burlington,  Lawrence  Co.,  Ohio,  stands  on  the  northern  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  about  three 
miles  below  Huntington;  311  miles  below  Pittsburgh,  via  the  river,  and  on  the  extreme  southern 
point  of  the  State.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  county,  and  was  the  county  seat  until  about 
1850,  since  which  time,  and  the  removal  of  the  seat  of  justice  to  Ironton,  it  has  gradually  fell  into 
decay,  and  has  but  a  meager  population  of  about  500.  It  is  a  tolerably  healthy  locality,  and  stands 
on  a  rich  alluvial  plain  about  one  mile  wide,  which  is  bordered  by  high,  bluff-broken  hills.  There 
are  Presbyterian,  Baptist,  and  Methodist  Churches,  and  a  good  public  school  in  the  place,  while  the 
old  square  brick  Court-House  stands  a  monument  of  past  glory. 

The  "  bottom  farms"  above  and  below  this  town  are  of  a  very  superior  nature,  are  suitable  for 
all  kinds  of  agricultural  purposes,  and  can  be  had  for  a  less  average  than  $50  per  acre.  The  "  hill 
lands"  are  broken  and  much  thinner,  and  can  be  had  for  an  average  of  $15  per  acre. 


ASHLAND, 

Among  the  important  points  which  lay  within  the  great  coal  belt  of  Kentucky  and  Ohio,  the  one 
named  above  deserves  special  notice  in  this  work.  It  is  located  on  the  southern  bank  of  the  Ohio 
River,  in  Boyd  County,  Kentucky,  320  miles  from  Pittsburgh,  and  146  miles  above  Cincinnati.  It 
is  is  the  terminus,  on  the  Ohio  River,  of  the  Lexington  and  Big  Sandy  Railroad.  It  was  laid  out  by 
the  Kentucky  Iron,  Coal  and  Manufacturing  Company  in  1854,  and  has  a  present  population  of  over 
2,000.  The  healthfulness  of  the  place  stands  at  a  good  average,  and  it  has  two  or  three  Hotels — 
among  them  the  Ashland  Hotel,  which  is  an  immense  structure  for  such  a  town,  and  charges  $2  per 
day. 

The  Industi'ies  of  this  locality  are  almost  exclusively  absorbed  in  the  mining  and  manufacture 
of  Iron,  and  Coal  Mining.  There  are  two  extensive  furnaces  at  Ashland,  both  of  which  use  stone 
coal  from  the  celebrated  Ashland  vein  at  Coalton,  mixed  with  a  certain  preparation  of  Missouri  coal, 
brought  round  in  barges  by  river.  One  of  these  furnaces  has  a  Nail  Factory  attached  to  it,  which 
works  its  immense  productions  of  pig  iron  into  nails  and  bars.  The  other  great  establishment, 
standing  at  the  lower  end  of  the  town,  produces  about  forty  tons  of  pig  iron  daily.  There  is  one 
large  Lumber  Mill,  and  one  Flouring  Mill  which  runs  a  large  number  of  stones. 

Institutions.     The  society  of  Ashland  is  of  the  average  character  found  in  the  Ohio  River  towns 


HOME      BUILDING.  337 

in  this  part  of  the  State.  There  are  Presbyterian,  Methodist  and  Catholic  Churclics  in  the  town, 
good  private  and  ordinary  public  schools,  one  bank,  with  a  capital  of  $300,000,  and  one  newspaper. 
The  Future  Prospects  of  this  town  are  naturally  of  a  superior  character.  It  lies  on  the  banks 
of  the  Ohio  River,  less  than  one-third  of  the  distance  from  Cincinnati  to  Pittsburgh,  at  a  point 
where  the  river  is  never  less  than  20  feet  deep,  affording  the  best  site  for  a  harbor  and  dry  docks 
now  unoccupied  along  the  entire  length  of  the  river.  The  harbor  is  over  three  miles  long,  and  is 
peacefully  waiting  for  enterprising  capital  to  step  in,  and  in  connection  with  the  vast  beds  of  coal 
and  iron  in  the  immediate  vicinitj^  make  overtures  for  a  trade  which  would  at  once  halt  here  in 
preference  to  continuing  320  miles  further  to  Pittsburgh.  One  other  leading  feature  should  be  the 
building  of  iron  hulls  for  steamboats,  using  the  iron  and  fine  timber  of  the  locality,  and  also  using 
the  coal  found  in  the  neighboring  hills  in  its  manufacture.  Real  estate  and  living  are  both  at  a  low 
average,  and  the  town  is  nicely  situated  with  a  sunny  exposure. 

Coalton  is  about  13  miles  back  from  the  river  on  Williams  Creek,  where  several  hundred  qiiners 
are  engaged  in  coal  mining.  The  L.  B.  S.  Railroad  Co.  receive  here  in  their  cars  3,000,000  bushels 
of  coal  annually,  which  is  but  a  tithe  of  what  might  be  done  by  a  company  properly  prepared  with 
docks  and  barges  and  using  the  harbor  of  Ashland.  The  vein  from  which  this  coal  is  being  taken, 
underlies  a  great  portion  of  the  county,  and  is  about  four  feet  in  thickness.  At  Coalton  it  lies  60  feet 
above  the  bed  of  the  railroad,  and  40  feet  above  this  vein  lies  another  seam  from  four-and-a-half  to 
six  feet  in  thickness,  also  of  first-class  quality. 

A  company  properly  equipped,  and  possessing  ^  adequate  capital,  engaged  in  developing  a 
coal  trade  between  Ashland  and  Cincinnati,  could  compete  with  the  mines  of  Pittsburgh  in  a  most 
successful  manner,  and  it  is  a  matter  of  surprise  that  the  field  has  not  ere  this  been  more  fully 
occupied. 


IRONTON. 

This  fine  industrial  town  is  located  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  145  miles  above  Cin- 
cinnati, and  325  miles  below  Pittsburgh.  The  lines  of  steamboats  running  in  connection  with  the 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railroad  from  Huntington,  with  many  other  lines  from  other  points,  and 
many  transient  steamers;  also  with  the  Iron  Railroad,  which  extends  about  15  miles  into  the  interior, 
afford  the  means  of  travel  and  transportation  enjoj^ed  by  this  place.  It  is  the  capital  of  Lawrence 
County,  Ohio,  the  seat  of  justice  having  been  removed  to  this  place  from  Burlington  about  1850. 

The  first  public  sale  of  lots  took  place  June  20,  1849,  at  which  time  the  place  was  principally 
cornfields.  The  place  has  proved  to  be  a  healthy  one,  and  the  great  coal  and  iron  interests  of  the 
county  has  been  the  fruitful  means  of  growth  which  has  brought  into  existence  a  city  of  over  10,000 
inhabitants  at  this  time.  The  Grant  Hotel,  Ironton  and  Sheridan  Houses  are  the  principal  Hotels 
in  the  place;  charges  average  $1  50  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Ironton,  like  many  other  places  we  have  visited,  are  also  largely  dependent 
upon  the  prosperity  of  the  iron  interests  of  the  place.  Several  immense  concerns  are  engaged  in  and 
near  the  town  in  the  manufacture  of  iron  in  all  its  varied  forms.  One  of  the  largest  furnaces  in  the 
world  was  recently  put  into  operation  near  this  point,  on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  there  are 
besides  the  furnaces,  Rolling  and  Nail  Mills,  some  heavy  Machine  Shops,  and  other  manufacturing 
concerns.  The  agricultural  strength  of  Lawrence  Co.,  Ohio,  is  far  below  many  others,  while,  per- 
haps, her  advantages  for  the  mining  and  manufacture  of  iron  are  not  excelled  by  any  other  in  the 
United  States.  The  Iron  Railroad,  extending  only  about  15  miles  into  the  interior,  is  exclusively 
devoted  to  the  interests  of  a  number  of  extensive  furnaces,  which  employ  it  to  convey  their  pig-iron 
to  the  Ohio  River,  it  being  the  natural  thoroughfare  by  which  the  great  markets  are  reached.     If 


338  HOME      BUILDING. 

this  railroad  was  extended  to  connect  with  that  which  runs  from  Hamden  to  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  it 
would  greatly  facilitate  travel  to  Ironton,  would  afford  a  more  rapid  means  of  transporting  manu- 
factures to  their  destined  markets,  and  would  soon  open  the  place  up  to  a  more  vigorously  enterpris- 
ing class  of  capitalists. 

The  Institutions  of  this  little  city  are  industriously  engaged  cultivating  the  realm  of  mind  and 
spirit,  while  the  great  furnaces  engross  tlie  physical  forces  of  the  people.  There  are  two  Congrega- 
tional, three  Methodist,  one  Baptist,  one  Presbyterian,  one  Episcopal,  one  Christian,  and  one 
Catholic  Church  in  Ironton,  excellent  public  and  private  schools,  the  county  institutions,  two  or 
three  banks,  four  newspapers,  and  other  organizations  of  benevolent  and  beneficial  characters. 

Real  Estate.  Many  fine  duelling-houses  adorn  the  streets  of  this  city,  both  of  brick  and  wood, 
and  one  or  two  of  the  churches  are  of  a  superior  class  of  architectural  design.-  The  value  of  lots 
range  from  $400  to  $750  each  for  residences,  where  unoccupied,  and  those  vacant  in  the  business 
part  of  the  city  range  from  $2,000  to  $3,500  each. 

Among  those  engaged  in  real  estate  matters,  Mr.  Charles  Richey,  Ironton,  Ohio,  has  as  fine  a 
selection  of  lots  and  other  property  as  any  other,  especially  those  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city,  are 
of  a  superior  quality,  and  are  in  line  with  the  best  improvements.  Mr.  R.  is  well  acquainted  with 
all  mattecs  concerning  property  ia  the  city  and  county,  and  should  be  sought  by  those  wishing  to 
locate  in  the  place,  or  to  make  inquiry  with  reference  to  any  business  enterprise  in  connection  with 
Ironton  or  Lawrence  County.  The  farming  lands  of  the  Ohio  Fivei*  Valley,  above  and  below  this 
point,  are  of  a  superior  quality,  although  there  is  but  a  limited  tract  of  them,  and  the  hill  farms  are 
much  ialerior  and  quite  rugged. 

Building  Materials  are  abundant  in  the  place,  native  to  the  locality;  a  superior  quality  of  sand- 
stone, of  which  most  of  the  furnace  stacks  in  the  county  arc  built,  abounds  in  inexhaustible  quanti- 
ties, and  a  fine  clay,  fiom  which  bricks  are  made,  is  also  found  in  great  supplies.  There  are  two 
concerns  in  the  city  extensively  engaged  in  mauufacturmg  Lumber,  Sash,  Doors,  Blinds,  and  all 
Moldings  and  other  wood  finish  required  by  house  builders.  The  cost  of  living  at  this  place  is  about 
the  same  average  as  at  CincinnatL 


PORTSMOUTH. 


The  site  upon  which  this  city  stands,  and  the  country  tributary  to  it,  with  all  their  natural  ad- 
vantages such  as  are  afforded  by  two  great  navigable  rivers,  and  immense  deposits  of  iron  and  coal 
in  close  proximity  to  each  other,  are  of  such  a  nature  as  are  calculated  to  produce  a  feeling  of  sur- 
prise in  the  mind  of  the  observer  to  find  Portsmouth  so  far  behmd  man}'  other  cities  of  much  fewer 
natural  advantages  which  front  on  the  same  "  Beautiful  River."  This  city  is  the  capital  of  Scioto 
County,  Ohio;  it  stands  on  an  elevated,  comparatively  level  plain,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Ohio 
River,  immediately  above  the  mouth  of  the  Scioto  River.  The  Ohio  and  Erie  Canal  terminates  at 
this  point,  also  a  branch  of  the  Marietta  and  Cincinnati  Railroad,  which  leaves  the  main  line  at 
Hamden,  Ohio.  Portsmouth  is  114  miles  above  Cincinnati,  and  353  miles  below  Pittsburgh,  by  way 
of  the  Ohio  River.  This  point  was  settled  more  than  half  a  century  ago,  has  an  average  record  for 
healthful ncss,  and  has  at  this  time  over  12,000  inhabitants.  Many  of  the  residences,  churches,  stores, 
public  buildings,  and  Hotels  are  built  of  brick  and  stone,  and  some  of  them  are  of  a  very  imposing 
character.  The  Briggs  House  is  a  first-class  house  and  charges  $3  50  per  day;  the  Mass ie  House 
charges  $2  per  day,  and  the  Central  Hotel  $1  50  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Portsmouth  are  of  the  same  character  as  those  of  Ironton,  Ohio,  while  its 
general  advantages  are  of  the  same  nature,  and  when  the  railroad  projected  along  the  north  bank 
of  the  Ouio  River  shall  be  completed  from  Steubenville,  Ohio,  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  both  Portsmouth 
and  Ironton  will  receive  new  life. 


IIOJIE      BUILDING.  339 

The  Institutious  are  also  of  the  general  character  of  those  described  at  Ironton,  although  the 
churches  and  schools  are,  perhaps,  better  sustained,  and  there  appears  to  be  a  better  spirit  of  public 
enterprise,  and  it  enjoys  in  its  midst  five  lewspaper  offices. 


MAYSVILLE 


Stands  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Limestone  Creek,  on  a  high  nar- 
row plain,  which  li  ts  gently  up  into  beautiful,  bold,  sloping  hills.  It  is  60  miles  above  Cincinnati, 
by  way  of  the  river,  about  the  center  of  the  northern  boundary  of  Mason  County,  Kentucky,  and 
has  a  railroad  connecting  it  with  Lexington.  It  has  a  sunny  exposure,  with  fine  lines  of  shade  trees 
along  its  streets,  and  the  neat-looking  brick  dwellings  and  stores  that  stand  in  a  long,  straight  line 
fronting  the  river,  shadowed  by  beautiful  maples  and  elms,  give  such  an  inviting  appearance  to  the 
town  on  approaching  it  by  steamer,  as  is  not  excelled  by  any  other  town  in  Kentucky.  Maysville 
was  settled  about  1785,  and  when  first  known  as  a  town  was  called  Limestone.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1833,  is  splendidly  drained  and  sewered  where  required,  is  one  of  the  most  healthy  places  on  the 
Ohio  River,  and  has  a  thriving,  intelligent  population  of  over  7,000.  The  principal  Hotels  are  the 
Bancroft  and  Hill  Houses,  both  charging  $2  per  day. 

Maysville  is  the  center  of  trade  for  a  fine  and  extended  agricultural  region  of  Kentucky,  which 
is  largely  devoted  to  the  cultivation  af  grain,  hemp,  and  live  stock,  and  has  enjoyed  tiie  reputation 
of  being  the  most  heavily  engaged  in  the  hemp  trade  of  any  town  in  the  country.  Among  the 
Industries  of  this  people  are  a  large  number  of  manufactori.  s  of  Plows  and  Wagons,  two  or  three 
Founderies,  several  extensive  Rope  Walks,  and  manufacture  of  Bagging,  Cotton  and  Flouring  Mills, 
and  a  number  of  other  minor  concerns  producing  various  articles  of  useful  characters. 

The  Institutious  of  the  place  are  also  numerous  and  important,  and  among  them  are  about  a 
dozen  churches  of  various  Christian  denominations;  a  thoroughly  organized  public  school  system 
supplied  with  good  buildings,  seminaries  and  other  private  schools  of  excellent  reputation,  an  hos- 
pital, and  other  charitable  institutions,  two  or  three  prosperous  banks,  three  weekly  and  one  monthly 
newspaper,  and  a  few  beneficial  organizations. 

An  extra  quality  of  limestone  abounds  in  the  locality,  and  a  good  clay  which  is  utilized  in  the 
manufacture  of  brick,  with  which  a  large  number  of  the  buildings  in  the  city  have  been  constructed. 

Aberdeen  is  a  handsome  town  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Ohio  River  from  Maysville,  in  Brown 
County,  Ohio.  It  stands  on  elevated  lands,  and  is  backed  up  with  beautiful  fertile  hills,  many  of 
which  are  covered  with  vineyards.  It  has  a  population  of  about  1,500,  and  is  a  healthy,  pleasant 
locality,  possessing  cultivated  inhabitants,  and  presenting  many  attractions. 

Augusta,  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  in  Bracken  County,  Ky.,  is  a  finely  located  town 
of  about  2,000  inhabitants.  It  contains  several  important  industrial  interests,  among  which  are 
large  Flouring  Mills,  Tanneries,  and  a  number  of  extensive  Tobacco  Warehouses.  There  are  also 
several  good  churches,  public  and  private  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  it  is  tlie  seat  of  Augusta 
College — the  first  institution  of  the  kind  ever  established  by  the  Methodist  Church — and  which  was 
founded  in  1825.  There  is  also  a  fine  agricultural  district  tributary  to  this  place,  among  the 
specialtiea  of  which  is  tho  cultivation  of  tobacco  and  hemp.  The  existence  of  fine  limestone  for 
building  and  lime-burning  purposes,  and  good  clay  from  which  large  quantities  of  brick  arc  made, 
greatly  facilitate  and  cheapen  building  operations,  and  consequently  reduce  rents. 


340  HOME    buildi:n^g. 

Xewi)ort,  Ky.,  is  in  Bell  County,  opposite  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  and 
on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Licking  River;  a  fine  railroad  and  wagon  bridge  across  the  Ohio  iRiver 
connects  it  with  Cincinnati,  and  it  is  also  connected  with  Covington  by  a  suspension  bridge  over 
which  a  horse  railroad  passes  over  into  Cincinnati,  across  the  splendid  suspension  bridge  which 
connects  that  city  with  Covington.  Newport  is  a  pleasant  city,  and  is  the  place  of  residence  for  a 
large  number  of  business  people  from  Cincinnati.  There  are  many  neat-looking  brick  dwellings  in 
this  city  represented  by  the  plans  on  Plate  No.  25.  There  are  good  churches  and  schools,  and  many 
other  useful  institutions  flourishing  in  Newport,  and  it  is  also  the  site  of  a  military  post  of  long 
standing. 


Coring^on  is  on  the  western  side  of  the  Licking  River,  and  on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio  River  op- 
posite Cincinnati,  and  is  in  Kenton  County,  Ky.  It  is  the  second  city  in  the  State,  is  a  beautiful 
place,  containing  a  population  of  nearly  35,000,  and  is  the  home  of  many  Cincinnatians.  It  contains 
a  number  of  splendid  mansions,  many  superb  villas  and  cottages,  a  large  number  of  churches,  pub- 
lic schools  of  the  best  character,  classical,  private,  and  special  schools  of  good  standing,  and  has 
quite  a  long  list  of  heavy  manufacturers  in  many  different  branches  of  industry.  It  is  also  the  seat 
of  the  Western  Theological  College,  a  flourishing  institution  under  the  direction  and  patronage  of 
the  Baptists.  Covington  is  connected  with  Lexington  and  Louisville  by  railroads,  and  is  the  com- 
mercial center  for  a  large  portion  of  the  State  of  Kentucky. 


MADISON. 

Among  the  finest  located  old  towns  in  the  State  of  Indiana  is  the  one  here  named.  It  stands  on 
the  north  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  95  miles  below  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  43  miles  above  Louisville, 
Ky.  It  is  the  Madison  terminus  of  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  and  Indianapolis  Railroad,  and  is 
the  county  seat  of  Jefferson  County,  Ind.  The  excellent  healthfulness  of  this  city  is  one  of  its  noted 
peculiarities.  It  stands  about  50  feet  above  the  highest  floods  that  occur  on  the  Ohio  River;  is 
drained,  naturally,  in  the  best  manner,  and  sewered  to  a  considerable  extent.  The  present  popula- 
tion of  Madison  is  over  12,000,  and  the  best  Hotel  is  the  Western  Hotel,  $2  per  day;  the  City  Hotel 
and  William  Tell  House  charge  |1  50. 

Industries.  The  people  of  this  city  are  an  active,  industrious  class,  carrying  on  a  large  variety 
of  useful  manufactures,  among  them  are  Boat  Building,  Starch  Factories,  Cooper  Shops,  Furniture 
Factories,  Saddle  Tree  Factories,  Founderies  and  Machine  Shops,  heavy  Flouring  Mills,  Hominy 
Mills,  Spoke  Factories,  Planing  and  Molding  Mills,  and  several  other  varieties  of  shops  anfl 
factories. 

Institutions.  Among  these  we  have  gathered  the  following  list,  viz. :  twenty  churches  of  vari- 
ous Christian  denominations,  ten  schools,  all  organized  after  the  best  models,  one  Masonic  Temple, 
eight  Odd  Fellow's  Lodges,  Knights  Pythias,  Good  Templars,  two  National  Banks,  two  local  insur- 
ance companies  and  several  literary  associations,  all  of  which  appear  to  be  laboring  toward  the 
general  welfare  of  the  place. 

Real  Estate.  Lots  in  this  city  are  mostly  about  160  feet  deep,  prices  range  very  low,  and  con- 
sequently taxes  and  rents  are  low.  The  city  of  Madison  is  be'autifully  situated  on  an  extensive 
plateau  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  fine,  rolling  hills,  and  looks  out  in  front  to  the  south  over  the 
shining  waters  of  the  Ohio  River,  upon  the  lofty  hills  on  the  Kentucky  shore,  which  present  a  very 
picturesque  appearance.  The  hills  back  of  the  city  are  many  of  them  covered  with  flourishing 
vinyards  and  fruit  gardens,  which  succeed  well,  and  add  greatly  to  the  general  beauty  of  the 
locality. 


HOME      BUILDIT^G.  341 

The  buildings  of  the  city  are  principally  of  brick.  Dwellings  comfortable  and  elegant,  but  not 
costly.  Churches,  school-houses,  court-house  and  other  public  buildings  are  substantial,  and  in 
some  cases  fine  specimens  of  architecture.  The  city  is  supplied  with  good  water  and  gas,  is  kept 
clean,  and  its  streets,  occupied  with  residences,  are  adorned  with  beautiful  shade  trees.  The  society 
of  Madison  is  of  a  good  social  tone,  and  there  is  one  daily  and  three  weekly  newspapers  published 
in  the  city,  which  appear  to  be  fairly  sustained. 

As  we  consider  this  city  one  that  we  can  afford  to  recommend  to  our  readers,  as  one  desirable 
in  which  to  locate  a  "  Home,"  we  take  pleasure  in  being  able  to  recommend  all  who  may  wish  fur- 
ther information  to  Mr.  Henry  C.  Sanxay,  general  insurance  agent,  Madison,  Ind.,  feeling  assured 
that  all  who  may  need  his  aid  in  locating  property,  placing  insurance,  or  in  obtaining  any  special 
information,  Avill  find  him  competent,  careful  and  obliging;  and  that,  should  any  locate  in  this  city, 
because  of  having  their  attention  called  to  it  by  this  article,  they  will  not  be  led  astray  if  they  are 
honest  and  industrious. 


LOUISVILLE, 

The  metropolis  of  Kentucky,  is  located  on  the  Ohio  River  abreast  of  the  Louisville  Falls,  and  is 
the  capital  of  Jefferson  County,  Ky.  It  is  about  138  miles  below  Cincinnati,  by  way  of  the  Ohio 
River;  has  railroad  communication  with  that  city,  and  with  the  principal  cities  of  Kentucky,  and 
also  with  Jeffersonville,  across  a  splendid  bridge  over  the  Ohio,  which  connects  with  the  rail-systems 
of  Indiana  and  all  points  east  and  west.  Louisville  is  about  70  years  old,  stands  on  a  high,  gently- 
sloping  plain,  is  a  well-drained  and  sewered  aity,  showing  a  good  health  record,  and  has  a  present 
population  of  about  150,000.  It  has  many  fine  Hotels,  among  which  are  the  Louisville  Hotel,  Gait 
House  and  Willard's  Hotel,  charging  $3  50  per  day,  the  National  and  United  States  Hotels  charg- 
ing $3  50  per  day,  and  the  St.  Cloud  Hotel  charging  $2  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Louisville  are  more  largely  of  a  commercial  nature  than  any  other  great  city 
located  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio  River.  As  a  tobacco  market  it  excels  all  others  known  to  the 
trade,  and  has,  no  doubt,  handled  enough  of  that  accursed  narcotic  that,  were  its  ghastly  poisons 
extracted,  it  would Ibe  sufficient  to  destroy  the  lives  of  every  living  creature  upon  the  face  of  the 
earth.  There  are  also  extensive  Tanneries  in  Louisville,  and  next  to  Tobacco,  w^ould,  perhaps,  rank 
the  interests  in  leather  and  hides.  There  are,  however,  many  heavy  manufacturers  in  Iron  and 
Steel,  Brass,  Wood,  and  various  other  articles.  While  the  commerce  carried  on  within  the  State, 
and  other  parts  of  the  world,  and  the  supplies  of  household  goods.  Clothing,  Dry  Coods,  Hardware, 
Agricultural  Implements,  Fancy  Goods,  Furniture,  and  other  merchandise,  is  very  extensive  and 
remunerative. 

The  Institutions  of  Louisville  are  of  the  classes  found  in  all  our  great  cities,  and  many  of  them 
have  projected  their  fame  to  the  ends  of  the  land.  There  are  churches  of  all  denominations,  exten- 
sive benevolent  and  charitable  institutions;  schools  of  all  needful  grades,  well  arranged  and  con- 
ducted, with  those  among  them  competent  to  advance  the  student  to  the  high  attainments  of  a  gene- 
ral or  special  scholarship.  Insurance  companies  and  banks  of  high  standing  and  ample  capital 
abound,  and  there  are  a  large  number  of  daily,  weekly,  and  monthly  newspapers  and  periodicals 
published  in  the  city. 

Bents  and  Real  Estate  are  at  a  low  average,  and  there  are  excellent  opportunities  for  invest- 
ment. Any  one  wishing  special  information  with  reference  to  lots,  farms  houses,  or  any  other 
matters  connected  with  "  Home  Building,"  can,  with  advantage  to  themselves,  confer  with  Hcnning 
«fe  Speed,  real  estate  agents,  146  West  Jefferson  Street,  Louisville,  Ky.  These  gentlemen  are  well 
acquainted  with  the  city,  and  stand  high  in  their  line  of  business. 


343  HOME    BUILDING. 


LANSING, 

The  capital  of  the  State  of  Michigan,  is  located  on  an  eligible  site  for  a  city,  selected  as  the 
most  suitable  position  at  which  to  establish  the  capital  in  1846,  at  which  time  it  was  in  the  midst  of 
a  wild,  thinly  settled  country.  It  is  now  a  railroad  center  of  great  importance,  having  roads  run- 
ning in  seven  or  eight  directions,  connecting  it  direct  with  Detroit,  Toledo  and  Chicago,  and  with 
all  parts  of  the  State  by  the  intersection  of  different  routes.  It  is  in  Ingham  County,  on  the  Grand 
River,  which  affords  splendid  water-power  facilities;  is  a  tolerably  healthy  locality,  and  has  at  this 
time  about  8,000  inhabitants.  The  best  Hotel  is  the  Lansing  House,  $3  per  day;  the  Chapman 
House  charges  |2  per  day,  and  the  Greenthree  House  $1  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  this  capital  are  of  a  general  character,  which  have  more  or  less  connection 
with  the  enterprises  of  the  State,  as  well  as  with  those  of  individuals  and  companies.  There  are 
extensive  Flouring  Mills.  Woolen,  Carriage,  Chair,  and  other  factories,  Workers  in  Iron,  and  many 
other  minor  producers  of  various  commodities.  The  agricultural  interests  of  the  surrounding  coun- 
try is  important,  and  in  a  growing  condition,  affording  a  large  and  profitable  trade,  and  absorbing 
the  surplus  labor  of  the  county. 

Among  the  more  important  Institutions  of  Lansing  are  its  17  churches  and  their  various  mis- 
sions, its  fine  Ward  schools,  a  splendid  high  school,  the  State  Agricultural  College,  Odd  Fellows 
Institute,  and  the  State  Reform  Scliool.  There  are  also  banks,  the  State  Capital,  and  all  its  accom- 
panying institutions  and  offices,  and  two  newspaper  offices. 

Real  Estate  has  held  on  an  average  advance  of  over  10  per  cent,  a  year  for  many  years,  and  lots 
are  worth  from  $500  to  $1,500  per  city  lot,  while  farms  in  the  county  range  from  $50  to  $80  per 
acre,  which  are  largely  devoted  to  the  growing  of  wheat,  although  there  are  great  quantities  of  other 
grains  and  grasses  profitably  grown  in  the  county.  Stone  abounds  in  the  locality,  and  a  clay  from 
which  a  good  quality  of  bricks  are  made,  while  lumber  and  sand  are  near  at  hand,  and  are  afforded 
at  low  prices. 

For  detail  particulars  we  refer  the  reader  to  Mr.  J.  H.  Moors,  Lansing,  Mich.  This  gentleman 
gives  his  personal  attention  exclusively  to  the  sale  of  real  estate,  perfecting  of  titles,  and  payment  of 
taxes.  Being  located  at  the  capital,  he  can  furnish  information  as  to  the  ownership  of  lands,  or  of 
the  taxes  or  tax  titles  thereon,  in  any  part  of  the  State.  His  charges  are  always  reasonable,  and  he 
is  at  all  times  ready  to  open  correspondence  with  any  who  may  desire  information. 


GRAND  RAPIDS, 

The  coimty  seat  of  Kent  County,  Mich.,  is  located  on  both  sides  of  the  Grand  River,  at  the 
rapids  of  that  river,  157  miles  from  Detroit,  by  way  of  the  Detroit  and  Milwaukee  Railroad,  and  40 
miles  from  the  mouth  of  Grand  River.  It  stands  in  a  fine  position,  is  well  drained,  and  is  a  li^thy 
city.  It  was  laid  out  about  1835,  has  prospered  to  such  an  extent  as  to  be  at  this  time  the  second 
city  in  the  State,  and  to  have  a  population  of  about  30,000.  There  are  several  good  Hotels,  and 
among  them  are  Sweet's  Hotel  which  charges  $3  50,  and  the  Rathburu,  Commercial,  Bridge  Street, 
and  Rosch's  Hotels,  all  of  which  charge  $2  per  day. 

The  water-power  facilities  afforded  by  the  Grand  River,  in  connection  with  the  rapids,  which 
have  a  fall  of  about  18  feet  in  less  than  a  mile,  is  much  superior  to  any  other  in  the  State,  and  is  the 
center  around  which  is  gathered  a  grand  and  growing  Industry.  The  extensive  railroad  connections 
which  the  place  enjoys  greatly  facilitates  the  commerce  which  its  enterprises  are  creating,  and  there 
are  also  large  steamboats  making  regular  trips  from  this  point  to  Grand  Haven,  at  the  mouth  of  th^ 


river,  which  also  connects  with  lake  vessels  that  go  to  all  ports  on  the  great  lakes.  Salt  and  gyp- 
sum are  found  here,  which  add  their  mite  to  the  general  welfare,  and  fall  in  line  with  the  other 
wealth-producing  elements.  Limestone  abounds,  and  a  good  brick  clay,  while  great  forests  of  pine 
timber  are  in  the  neighborhood  and  along  the  river,  and  Grand  Rapids  is  a  lumber  maz'ket  of  wide 
reputation,  while  its  manufactories  of  Doors,  Sash,  Blinds  and  other  articles  of  wood  are  extensively 
known.  There  are  extensive  Flouring  and  other  mills,  Furniture,  Chair,  Carriage,  Agricultural 
Implements,  and  many  other  kinds  of  manufactures,  and  still  there  is  room  for  many  more  to  estab- 
lish a  profitable  business  by  the  aid  of  cheap  and  effective  power,  and  abundant  materials. 

The  Institutions  of  Grand  Rapids  are  not  behind  its  industries,  and  we  find  here  churches  of  all 
denominations  vigorously  at  work,  good  public,  high  and  private  schools  and  properous  seminaries, 
banks,  insurance  offices,  and  many  other  institutions,  including  those  belonging  to  the  county  and 
city.  There  are  also  several  good  newspapers  published  in  the  city,  and  the  general  advantages  and 
prospects  of  Grand  Rapids  are  certainly  of  a  very  interesting  and  attractive  nature. 


GRAND  HAVEN. 

This  fine  little  city  is  located  at  the  mouth  of  the  Grand  River,  on  the  eastern,  sand-strewn 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  It  is  the  capital  of  Ottawa  County,  Mich.,  and  is  the  western  terminus  of 
the  Detroit  and  Milwaukee  Railway,  189  miles  from  Detroit.  The  mouth  of  the  Grand  River  is 
about  1,200  feet  wide,  and  forms  a  splendid  harbor.  Steamboats  and  other  vessels  make  regular 
trips  from  this  port  to  all  others  along  the  lakes,  and  to  Grand  Rapids,  40  miles  further  up  the  river. 
This  city  was  projected  in  1834,  is  a  very  healthy  place,  and  has  a  population  of  over  6,000  at  this 
time.  The  best  Hotel  is  the  Cutler  House,  $2  50  per  day;  second  best,  the  Kirby  House,  |3  per  day. 
There  are  several  important  railroad  lines  which  center  at  this  point,  and  connect  with  all  the  main 
roads  in  the  State. 

The  Industries  of  Grand  Haven  are  largely  of  a  commercial  nature,  although  there  are  heavy 
manufacturers  of  Lumber,  Shingles,  Rakes,  Corn  Planters,  Tubs,  Pails,  Doors,  Sash,  Blinds  and 
many  other  articles,  which  are  successfuly  prosecuting  their  enterprises. 

The  Institutions  of  the  city  are  chiefly  its  eight  churches,  several  fine  graded  schools,  and  those 
connected  with  tlie  county  charities  and  government.  The  country  around  tliis  point,  and  all  along 
the  eastern  shore  of  the  lake,  is  found  to  be  very  superior  for  the  culture  of  peaches,  apples,  pears, 
and  all  kinds  of  fruits  and  berries,  these  crops  never  failing  and  yielding  largely. 

Any  of  our  readers  who  wish  further  information  with  reference  to  this  locality,  or  who  desire 
aid  in  any  business  line,  in  the  selection  of  lots  or  farms,  or  especially  in  any  legal  matters,  collec- 
tions of  accounts,  rents,  attention  to  taxes,  or  otherwise,  should  address  Mr.  H.  C.  Akeley,  law  office 
of  Akeley  &  Stewart,  Grand  Haven,  Michigan. 


DECATUR. 


This  flourishing  city  is  located  near  the  center  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  on  the  line  of  the  Illinois 
Central  Railway,  174  miles  from  Chicago,  204  miles  from  Cairo,  108  miles  from  St.  Louis,  98  miles 
from  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  and  39  miles  from  Springfield,  111.  It  is  near  the  Sangamon  River,  in 
Macon  County,  of  which  it  is  the  county  seat.  There  are  ten  great  railroad  routes  centering  at  De- 
catur, which  converge  from  all  corners  of  the  State,  and  make  connections  with  all  other  roads 
which  cross  the  State.     It  is  in  the  heart  of  the  finest  agricultural  lands  of  Illinois,  and  the  Jiealth 


344  HOME      BUILDING. 

record  of  the  city  shows  it  to  be  above  the  average  in  the  State.  It  was  projected  in  1829,  but  did 
not  make  an  important  growth  until  after  1855,  and  it  has  as  present  13,000  inhabitants,  and  is  grow- 
ing at  more  rapid  rate  than  at  any  previous  period.  The  St.  Nicholas,  Priest  House,  and  Central 
House  are  the  principal  Hotels,  all  of  which  charge  $2  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Decatur  are  important,  and  among  them  are  four  Flour  Mills,  one  Bagging 
Factory,  one  Linseed  Oil  Mill,  one  Furniture  Factory,  one  Iron  Works,  one  Malleable  Gray-Iron 
Works,  two  Agricultural  Works,  one  Woolen  Mill,  two  Sash,  Doors,  and  Blind  Factories,  two  Car- 
riage Factories,  and  several  concerns  of  different  natures. 

Among  the  Institutions  of  this  city — which  are  in  a  flourishing,  prosperous  condition — are  two 
fine  brick  Methodist  Churches,  one  brick  Baptist,  one  brick  Presbyterian,  and  seven  others  of  dif- 
ferent denominations.  There  is  a  fine  brick  high  school,  which  cost  $50,000,  and  four  other  large 
brick  school -houses,  all  of  which  have  splendidly  conducted  schools  carried  on  in  them.  There  are 
banks  and  insurance  offices,  beneficiary  societies,  and  the  county  institutions  in  the  city,  and  three 
newspaper  offices. 

Real  Estate.  The  city  is  well  drained,  sloping  to  the  Sangamon,  and  lots  are  generaUy  150  feet 
deep,  and  range  in  values  from  $5  to  $40  per  front  foot.  Accommodations  to  rent  are  good,  and 
range  from  $8  to  $40  per  month.  Farms  around  Decatur  are  of  the  most  productive  nature,  being 
a  fine  black  soil  about  five  feet  deep,  mostly  prairie,  and  yielding  immense  crops  of  corn,  good 
wheat,  and  other  grains,  and  ranging  in  values  from  $40  to  $100  per  acre.  There  is  a  fine  brick 
clay  found  in  abundance,  and  the  buildings  are  largely  of  brick.  In  many  localities  a  good  quality 
of  coal  is  found  about  six  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  earth,  affording  a  good,  cheap  fuel. 

Warren  &  Durfee,  brokers  and  dealers  in  real  estate,  Decatur,  111.,  are  gentlemen  of  long  and 
high  standing  in  the  place,  and  are  acquainted  with  all  the  best  situations  for  locating  either  farms 
or  lots,  or  renting  property,  and  any  communication  to  these  gentlemen  with  reference  to  this  city 
or  county  would  receive  prompt  attention. 


BLOOMINGTON, 

The  capital  of  McLean  County,  Illinois,  situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  at  the  point 
at  which  it  is  crossed  by  the  Chicago,  Alton  and  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Indiana  and  Western  Rail- 
road, and  one  or  two  other  routes,  is  one  of  the  important  cities  of  the  State,  and  is  surrounded  by 
a  vast  fertile  region  which  is  rapidly  filling  up  with  industrious,  skillful  farmers.  It  is  125  miles 
from  Chicago,  and  155  miles  from  St.  Louis,  via  the  Chicago  and  Alton  Railway.  Bloomington 
was  projected  in  1834,  and  has  at  present  a  population  of  over  22,000.  The  principal  Hotel  in  the 
city  is  the  Ashley  House,  fare  $3  per  day;  the  Wait  House  is  also  a  fine  hotel,  and  charges  $2  per 
day.  This  city  has  a  record  for  healthfulness  as  good  as  any  of  the  towns  in  the  central  part  of  the 
State,  and  has  a  long  list  of 

Industrial  Enterprises  which  embrace  an  important  range  of  useful  manufacture ;  among  which 
are  extensive  Car  Works  and  Repair  Shops,  several  Founderies,  Agricultural  Works,  Paper  Mills, 
Woolen  Mills,  seven  Flouring  Mills,  three  Plow  Factories,  Chair  Factory,  and  other  works,  all  of 
which  are  propelled  by  steam.  This  city  is  also  largely  engaged  in  a  general  commerce  with  the 
different  towns  and  cities  of  the  State,  which  is  greatly  facilitated  by  its  splendid  railroad  con- 
nections. 

Institutions.  Among  these  important  educators,  aids,  and  purifiers  of  the  body-politic,  are  16 
churches,  with  an  aggregate  membership  of  about  4,800,  and  divided  as  follows,  viz. :  three  Baptist, 
three  Presbyterian,  two  Methodist,  two  Christian,  one  Lutheran,  two  German  Reform,  and  three 
other  sects.  There  are  an  adequate  number  of  public  schools,  among  which  are  being  used  four 
large,  fine  brick  school-houses  which  cost  $200,000.  There  are  also  two  seminaries,  and  two  col 
leges,  and  about  two  miles  distant  is  a  village  of  2,000  inhabitants  called  formal,  where  the  State 


HOME     BUILDING.  345 

Normal  School  is  located.  There  are  also  three  banks,  insurance  offices,  two  daily,  four  weekly, 
and  three  monthly  papers  and  periodicals  published  in  the  city,  all  of  which  have  large  circulations. 

Real  Estate.  Bloomington  has  two  streams  of  water  running  through  it  to  the  westward,  and 
is  splendidly  drained,  many  of  the  streets  are  macadamized,  and  the  city  is  supplied  with  excellent 
water  from  an  underground  river.  The  farming  lands  in  the  county  lay  finely  undulating,  and 
much  of  it  is  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation.  The  prices  of  farms  vary  from  $35  to  $100  per 
acre,  owing  to  the  ease  with  which  they  can  be  reached  and  the  distance  from  the  city.  The 
farm  products  of  the  locality  are  wheat,  oats,  rye,  corn  in  great  profusion,  potatoes,  and  all 
kinds  of  grasses.  The  cattle  raised  in  this  section  are  very  superior,  and  many  of  the  finest 
horses  sent  to  the  eastern  markets  are  gathered  up  in  McLean  County,  111.  Brick  are  made  from  a 
native  clay,  and  there  is  a  good  supply  of  many  kinds  of  wood,  lime  being  shipped  from  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  The  cost  of  living  in  Bloomington  is  low,  meats  and  breadstuffs  being  low,  and  rents  very 
reasonable — a  house  with  seven  or  eight  rooms,  in  good  shape,  bringing  from  $12  to  $15  per  month. 

We  consider  this  place  among  the  most  generally  attractive  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  recom- 
mend any  who  may  wish  to  investigate  it  more  closely,  or  who  have  a  notion  of  locating  here,  to 
communicate  with  Mr.  S.  P.  Shannon,  real  estate  and  insurance  agent,  north-west  comer  Main  and 
Jefferson  Streets,  Bloomington,  111.  Mr.  S.  collects  all  classes  of  bills,  draws  up  deeds,  mortgages, 
wills,  and  other  papers,  attends  to  rents,  taxes,  and  also  attends  to  commercial  collections  and  re- 
ports for  parties  in  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia  and  other  cities. 


SPRINGFIELD, 

The  capital  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  is  located  upon  a  fine,  rolling  prairie,  five  miles  south  of  the 
Sangamon  River,  and  adjoining  the  timber  belt  on  the  north.  It  is  also  the  county  seat  of  Sanga- 
mon County,  111.,  and  is  the  third  railroad  center — in  importance  and  extent  of  connections — in  the 
State,  Chicago  being  first  and  Decatur  second.  It  is  185  miles  from  Chicago,  by  way  of  the  Chicago, 
Alton  and  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  95  miles  from  St.  Louis  by  the  same  route.  Springfield  was  pro- 
jected in  1831,  and  became  the  capital  of  the  State,  on  the  removal  of  the  seat  of  government  from 
Vandalia  in  1837.  It  is  a  healthy  city,  being  well  drained,  and  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  place 
cared  for,  and  has  a  population,  at  present,  of  20,000.  The  Leland  Hotel  is  the  leading  one,  charges 
$8  per  day;  while  the  St.  Nicholas  Hotel,  the  Western,  Revere,  and  Cheney  Houses  charge  $2  per 
day. 

The  Industrial  Enterprises  of  Springfield  are  mostly  carried  on  by  the  use  of  steam,  which  is 
economically  produced  in  consequence  of  the  low  price  of  coal  that  is  found  in  great  deposits  under- 
lying the  fertile  prairie  upon  which  the  city  stands.  Among  tlie  manufacturing  concerns  are  heavy 
Woolen  Mills,  Rolling  Mills,  Founderies,  Hominy  and  Spice  Mills,  Flouring  and  Paper  Mills,  Watch 
Factory,  extensive  manufactories  of  Agricultural  Implements,  and  factories  in  all  kinds  of  wood 
work.  The  goods  produced  by  those  extensive  and  busy  concerns  are  readily  transported  to 
all  parts  of  the  State  and  beyond,  by  the  vast  lines  of  railroads  which  diverge  in  all  directions, 
and  which  are  also  great  aids  in  the  extensive  general  commerce  carried  on  by  the  people  of  this 
capital. 

Springfield  also  contains  a  long  list  of  useful  and  vigorous  Institutions,  which  are  exerting  a 
powerful  interest  upon  the  spiritual,  social  and  intellectual  beings  of  the  people,  and  are  extending 
arms  of  benevolence  and  encouragement  to  those  who  need  them — directing  the  thought  and  enter- 
prise of  the  people — providing  a  powerful  element  of  trade  and  industry,  and  holding  tiie  unfortu- 
nate up  in  the  day  of  adversity,  saying  to  them  look  up  and  press  on.  Among  these  great  outcrop- 
pings  of  a  higher  Christian  civilization  are  a  number  of  churches  of  all  the  leading  denominations, 
ward  schools  of  the  best  character,  four  of  the  houses  which  are  occupied  by  then  having  cost  over 
$30,000  each,  a  high  school  occupying  a  house  which  cost  over  $90,000;  the  "Betty  Stewart  Insti- 


S46  HOME    nijttt)t^6. 

tute" — a  school  for  young  ladies  of  the  highest  character;  a  college  of  good  reputation,  and  m^liy 
other  schools  of  general  and  special  characters.  There  is  also  a  long  list  of  State,  county,  and 
municipal  institutions,  which  are  of  a  fine  class  and  as  well  conducted  as  any  in  the  country.  There 
are  a  number  of  banks,  which  afford  the  usual  financial  facilities  for  such  concerns,  insurance 
offices  which  undertake  to  provide  against  loss  by  fire,  and  four  newspaper  offices  in  the  city. 

Real  Estate.  Lots,  unimproved,  vary  from  $100  to  |1,000,  owing  to  location,  the  best  being  in 
the  southern  half  of  the  city.  All  are  well  drained,  and  a  thorough  system  of  sewerage  has  been  put 
into  effective  operation.  The  city  is  supplied  with  water  pumped  into  a  reservoir  from  the  Sanga- 
mon River,  five  miles  distant;  the  streets  are  regularly  laid  out  at  right  angles,  and  many  of  them 
are  well  macadamized.  Springfield  is  surrounded  by  a  fine  agricultural  county,  that  portion  on  the 
south  being  all  prairie;  the  soil  is  deep,  black  and  rich,  and  farms  range  in  values  from  $100  to  $300 
per  acre — that  near  the  city  being  the  most  valuable.  The  crops  that  are  grown  are  wheat,  corn, 
oats,  rye,  barley,  potatoes,  the  grasses,  and  all  varieties  of  vegetables.  All  find  a  ready  cash  market 
in  this  city,  at  fair  prices  considering  the  yield  per  acre.  Land  at  a  more  distant  part  of  the  county 
can  be  had  at  $50  per  acre. 

Among  those  engaged  in  real  estate  and  in  a  general  agency  and  collection  business  is  Mr. 
William  J.  Conkling,  attorney-at-law,  notary  public,  and  general  land,  collecting  and  pension 
agent,  Springfield,  Illinois,  to  whom  we  take  pleasure  in  referring  our  readers  for  particular  infor- 
mation or  assistance  in  any  manner  which  will  aid  them  in  the  work  of  home  getting.  Mr.  Conk- 
ling has  lived  in  this  place  23  years  and  knows  all  about  it,  and  his  assistance  will  be  found  to  be 
worth  much  more  than  it  costs. 


ALTON. 

On  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  four  miles  above  its  confluence  with  the  Missouri 
River,  and  18  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois  River,  20  miles  above  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  72 
from  Springfield,  111.,  by  way  of  the  Chicago  and  Alton  Railroad — Air  Line — in  Madison  County, 
111.,  is  located  the  picturesque  city  of  Alton.  The  river  bluffs  rise  abruptly  at  this  point  to  the 
hio-ht  of  about  220  feet  above  the  river,  and  are  irregular  and  broken;  and  this  city  is  built  upon  a 
narrow  plateau  and  mostly  upon  the  slopes  of  these  hills,  overlooking  the  broad  sweep  of  the  two 
grandest  rivers  in  the  United  States,  the  fertile  expanse  of  the  great  American  Bottom,  and  the  rich 
plains  of  the  Missouri. 

In  1807,  there  was  one  small  stone  building  near  the  site  of  the  present  Union  Depot,  and  was 
used  by  the  French  as  a  trading  post  with  the  Indians.  The  town  was  laid  out  in  1817,  mainly 
through  the  agency  of  Col.  Easton,  and  is  said  to  have  been  named  Alton  by  him  in  honor  of  his 
son  Alton  R.  Easton.  The  town  of  Alton  was  incorporated  by  the  Legislature  of  Illinois  Feb.  6, 
1833,  and  the  City  of  Alton  was  chartered  by  the  same  body  July  21,  1857.  Prom  the  date  of  the 
charter  Alton  has  struggled  through  peculiar  adversity,  having  been  retarded,  at  one  period,  for 
several  years  by  disputes  in  court  of  the  ownership  of  most  of  the  lands  it  now  occupies.  It  has, 
however,  made  a  fine  beginning  and  looks  hopefully  forward  to  a  day  of  superior  greatness,  its 
population  being  over  12,000.  Upper  Alton,  two  miles  distant  from  the  City  Hall,  has  a  population 
of  about  2,500. 

Although  the  two  Altons  are  under  separate  governments  they  are,  to  all  intents  and  purposes, 
one  city,  bemg  separated  by  a  narrow  strip  of  territory  300  yards  wide.  A  street  railway,  two-and- 
a-half  miles  long,  with  a  macadamized  and  other  roads  connect  the  two  places.  Coal  Brauch  and 
Greenwood,  mining  towns,  one-half  mile  north  of  the  city  limits,  contain  over  1,000  inhabitants. 
The  adjacent  country  is  so  densely  populated  that  it  is  hard  to  distinguish  between  town  and  coun- 
try. It  is  safe  to  say  that,  taking  the  High  School  building  aa  a  center,  a  circle  drawn  with  a  radius 
of  two  miles  will  embrace  a  population  of  over  17,000. 


The  city  of  Alton  has  a  river  front  of  nearly  two  miles,  and  the  limits  extend  one-and  ahalf 
miles  back  from  the  landing.  It  is  laid  out  at  right  angles,  the  main  business  houses  occupying  the 
streets  parallel  with  and  adjacent  to  the  river.  The  residences  are  built  upon  the  slopes  of  the  hills, 
the  elevated  plateau  of  Middletown,  and  on  the  bluffs  overlooking  the  river.  The  business  houses 
are  handsome,  substantial  brick  structures,  while  the  many  elegant  and  costly  residences  speak  of 
the  presence  of  wealth  and  refinement.  All  the  main  streets  are  paved  and  macadamized  for  from 
one  to  three  miles  beyond  the  city  limits,  forming  substantial  roads  to  the  coal  mines;  through 
Upper  Alton  to  Upper  Alton  Station  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  and  St.  Louis  Road  and  to  Alton 
Junction.  The  JieaUhfulness  of  this  handsome  city  is,  without  doubt,  as  good  as  any  on  the  banks 
of  the  Mississippi.     The  principal  Hotel  is  the  St.  Charles,  wliich  charges  $3  per  day. 

Industries.  The  locality  of  Alton  presents  an  unusually  long  line  of  natural  advantages  for 
manufacturing  and  mining  enterprises,  with  which  a  large  proportion  of  her  industries  are  con- 
nected; among  which  are  the  following,  viz. :  the  manufacture  of  lime,  which  is  a  superior  quality, 
burned  from  the  vast  hills  of  carbonate  of  lime  which  abound  on  all  sides,  and  is  shipped  in  all  di- 
rections, aggregating  an  enormous  quantity  yearly;  rough  and  cut  stone  for  building  purposes  are 
shipped  at  the  rate  of  about  3,000  car-loads  per  year;  there  are  two  large  Flouring  Mills,  and  two 
others  that  combine  the  grinding  of  Flour  and  Corn  Meal,  and  one  that  grinds  Corn  Meal  exclu- 
sively; Plug  Tobacco  is  manufactured  on  a  large  scale;  Agricultural  Machinerj'  and  Implements  are 
manufactured  in  considerable  variety  and  in  large  quantities;  Cooperage  is  a  large  and  growing  arm 
of  industry,  and  there  are  several  Planing  and  Sawing  Mills  and  Box  Factories;  Carriages  and 
Wagons  are  made  at  the  rate  of  several  hundred  per  year,  and  there  are  also  a  large  number  of 
Church  and  Parlor  Organs  yearly  manufactured;  there  are  Glass  Works,  Machine  Shops,  Foun- 
deries,  Woolen  Factories,  Castor  Oil  Mills,  Pork  Packing  Concerns,  and  many  others  that  engage 
heavy  capital  and  absorb  a  great  amount  of  labor.  Among  the  more  recent  enterprises  is  the  manu- 
facture of  Cement,  which  is  made  from  a  native  rock  and  has  proved  to  be  of  a  superior  quality. 
The  great  rivers,  and  the  extensive  railroad  facilities  which  this  place  enjoys  for  transportation, 
make  it  one  of  the  best  centers  from  which  to  carry  on  a  general  trade  and  commerce  in  the  State. 

Institutions.  Alton  has  a  large  number  of  flourishing  churches  divided  among  all  leading 
Christian  denominations.  There  are  fine  ward  schools,  a  high  school  of  the  best  quality,  the  Monti- 
cello  Seminary,  Shertleff  College,  and  other  private  schools,  all  of  which  afford  unusual  opportuni- 
ties for  educational  purposes  There  are  also  a  large  number  of  organizations  and  institutions  in 
the  city,  which  act  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  place,  among  which  are  several  banks, 
insurance  offices,  societies  and  libraries,  and  there  are  three  weeklies  and  one  daily  newspaper  pub- 
lished in  the  city. 

Shertleff  College  is  one  of  the  finest  institutions  of  learning  in  the  West,  and  embraces  both 
male  and  female  depsirtments,  which  include,  in  both,  a  preparatory,  academic,  collegiate  and 
theological  course. 

Real  Estate.  There  are  but  few  houses  to  rent  in  Alton,  but  when  they  can  be  had  the  rents 
are  moderate;  lots  are  well  drained,  and  such  as  are  unimproved  are  held  at  reasonable  rates. 
Farming  lands  range  in  values  from  $40  to  $100  per  acre,  according  as  they  approach  or  recede  from 
the  city.  Among  those  engaged  in  real  eetate  we  recommend  to  our  readers  Messrs.  Roper  & 
Cooper,  loan,  real  estate  and  general  insurance  agents,  Alton,  Illinois.  These  gentlemen  make  loans 
a  specialty,  and  have  the  best  of  references.  Alton  is  a  city  in  wliich  there  is  a  decided  choice  and 
preference,  and  any  one  thinking  of  locating  here  should  seek  the  direction  of  some  one  acquainted 
with  the  locality. 


348  HOME     BUILDING. 


AURORA. 

This  flourishing  city  is  located  38  miles  west  of  Chicago  on  the  line  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
and  Quincy  Railroad,  in  Kane  County,  Illinois,  and  on  the  Fox  River.  The  locality  is  a  favorable 
one  on  which  to  build  a  city;  it  is  well  drained  and  well  supplied  with  good  water,  and  there  are 
extensive  quarries  of  good  limestone,  which  is  used  largely  for  building  and  paving  purposes,  two 
or  three  elegant  churclies  being  built  of  it  in  very  superior  styles  of  architecture.  There  is  also  a 
clay  from  which  a  good  quality  of  brick  are  made,  and  a  great  abundanj3e  of  splendid  sand  and 
gravel.  Aurora  was  projected  in  1834,  has  been  found  to  be  as  healthy  as  any  place  in  that  section 
of  the  State,  and  has  at  this  time  about  13,000  inhabitants.  The  Hotels  of  the  city  are  the  Fitch  and 
Tremont  Houses,  both  charging  $2  per  day. 

The  Industrial  Interests  of  the  city  are  apparently  in  a  flourishing  condition,  and  are  mostly 
embraced  in  the  following:  one  Woolen  Mill,  one  Silver  Plate  Manufactory,  two  Founderies,  four 
Carriage  and  Wagon  Factories,  one  Machine  Shop,  two  heavy  Flouring  Mills,  the  Car  and  Repair 
Shops  of  the  C.  B.  and  Q.  Railroad,  and  other  concerns.  There  are  several  railroads  which  connect 
with  this  city,  and  afl'ord  it  good  means  of  transportation  for  its  manufactured  goods  at  moderate 
rates,  and  it  has  a  fine,  growing  commerce  with  the  surrounding  country. 

Among  the  Institutions  of  Aurora,  to  which  the  people  appear  to  be  giving  marked  attention, 
are  19  churches  of  several  different  Christian  denominations,  a  large  number  of  fine  public  and 
private  schools,  and  a  seminary— which  is  highly  spoken  of— in  the  city.  There  are  banks  and 
other  institutions  of  a  commercial  nature,  and  three  newspapers  among  which  are  one  daily,  one 
weekly,  and  one  semi-weekly. 

Real  Estate.  There  is  a  fair  supply  of  houses  to  rent  at  moderate  rates,  and  good  unimproved 
lots  on  the  bluffs,  on  either  side  of  the  river,  can  be  had  for  $100  per  city  lot,  although  some  are 
worth  $1,000  per  city  lot.  The  farming  lands  around  Aurora  are  devoted  to  stock  and  grain  raising, 
and  are  valued  at  from  $40  to  $100  per  acre,  Chicago  being  the  principal  market. 

S.  Town  &  Son,  insurance,  real  estate,  and  loan  agents,  Aurora,  111.,  are  reliable  parties  to  en- 
gage in  their  lines,  or  to  whom  to  apply  for  any  particular  detail  information.  They  are  acquainted 
with  the  city  and  county,  and  attend  promptly  to  any  matters  left  in  their  charge. 


JOLIET. 

Among  the  most  rapidly  increasing  towns  or  cities  of  the  West,  Joliet  stands  in  the  front  rank. 
It  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Des  Plaines  River,  and  on  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal,  40 
miles  from  Chicago.  The  Chicago  and  Alton  Railroad  and  tlie  Rock  Island  Railroad  cross  each 
other  at  this  point,  and  it  is  also  the  present  terminus  of  the  Michigan  Central  and  of  the  Illinois 
River  Railroads.  It  is  the  capital  of  Will  County,  111.,  was  laid  out  for  a  town  about  1826,  has  been 
found  to  be  a  very  healthy  locality,  and  has  at  this  time  about  16,000  inhabitants— having  doubled 
Its  population  within  the  last  15  years.  Tliere  are  several  good  Hotels  in  the  city,  among  them  the 
Robertson  House,  $3  per  day;  the  Auburn  House  and  National  Hotel,  $2,  and  the  Mansion  House, 
$1  50  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Joliet  are  of  an  important  and  rapidly-growing  character,  its  position  on  the 
canal  and  railroads  which  pass  through  it  gives  it  remarkable  facilities  for  transportation,  and  makes 
it  the  commercial  center  for  a  great  fertile  region  of  country  around  it,  which  passes  through  its 
merchants  hands  a  very  large  quantity  of  grain  annually  on  its  way  to  the  markets  of  the  East. 
The  immense  gray  limestone  quarries  of  this  locality  are  as  widely  known  as  any  in  the  States; 
they  are  easily  worked,  and  afford  stone  varying  in  thickness  from  two  inches  to  three  feet,  which 


HOME      BUILDING.  349 

lay  in  horizontal  strata.  This  stone  is  shipped  in  great  quantities  by  the  canal  and  railroads  to 
Chicago,  and,  in  fact,  to  most  of  the  large  cities  of  the  North-West.  The  great  stone  slabs  used  in 
the  paving  of  the  sidewalks  of  Chicago  and  in  a  large  number  of  splendid  churches,  hotels,  banks, 
warehouses  and  many  kinds  of  public  buildings  in  Chicago  and  other  cities  of  the  North-West,  are 
taken  from  the  quarries  of  Joliet.  This  stone  is  found  very  near  the  surface  of  the  earth,  and  it  is 
only  needful  in  quarrying  it  to  remove  the  covering  from  tlie  horizontal  layers,  break  them  to  the 
required  size  and  form,  lift  them  out  at  one  side  with  bars,  slip  under  rollers,  and  roll  them  aboard 
the  canal-boat  or  railroad  car.  There  are  also  quarries  of  an  excellent  sandstone  for  building  pur- 
poses in  the  vicinity,  and  a  clay  from  which  good  brick  is  made.  The  river  affords  a  very  consid- 
erable water-power,  which,  with  the  use  of  steam  also,  is  being  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
Agricultural  Machinery  and  Implements,  Flour  and  Meal,  and  in  many  other  ways. 

The  Institutions  of  this  city  are  mostly  comprised  in  13  churches,  six  fine  ward  schools,  two 
high  schools,  several  private  schools  and  other  institutions  of  instruction.  There  are  banks,  insurance 
offices,  and  six  newspapers  published  in  the  place. 

Real  Estate.  There  are  fair  opportunities  to  rent  dwellings  and  business  buildings,  which  are 
rated  with  a  view  of  obtaining  eight  per  cent,  on  ther  values.  Lots  range  from  $15  to  $6,000,  owing 
to  the  locality,  all  having  easy  drainage.  Farms  adjoining  and  in  the  county  are  very  productive, 
and  range  from  |35  to  $200  per  acre. 

In  connection  with  Joliet,  we  wish  to  recommend  Mr.  M.  C.  Bissell,  Joliet,  111. ,  dealer  in  farm 
and  city  property,  money  and  insurance,  for  any  particular  information  of  a  special  nature,  or  for 
assistance  in  locating  lots  or  lands  in  Will  County,  111..  Mr.  Bissell  is  well  acquainted  in  the  city 
and  county,  is  prompt  and  reasonable  in  his  charges. 


OTTAWA. 


This  fine  city  is  located  on  a  broad  plateau  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  just  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Fox  River,  84  miles  westerly  from  Chicago  by  way  of  the  Rock  Island  Railroad. 
It  is  the  county  seat  of  La  Salle  County,  HI. ;  was  laid  out  in  1825,  and  became  the  seat  of  justice  of 
La  Salle  CountJ^  on  its  organization  in  1830.  It  lays  over  30  feet  above  high-water  mark,  is  well 
drained,  and  is  esteemed  a  very  healthy  place.  The  Fox  River  at  this  point  has  a  fall  of  about  25 
feet,  affording  a  very  superior  water-power  privilege  which  has  attracted  the  attention  of  manufac- 
turers, and  has  added  materially  to  the  increase  of  the  population  which,  at  this  time,  numbers  over 
10,000.  Aside  from  being  a  railroad  center  of  growing  importance,  it  is  also  on  the  line  of  the 
Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal,  and  is  a  point  at  which  a  large  amount  of  travel  rests,  having  several 
fine  Hotels,  one  of  which,  the  Clifton  Hotel,  claims  to  be  first-class  and  charges  $3  per  day;  the  Park, 
Ottawa,  White's  and  Galloway  Houses  charging  03  per  day  each. 

Industries.  Before  the  vast  network  of  railroads  were  completed,  which  now  intercept  a  large 
proportion  of  the  grain  which  would  otherwise  find  its  way  to  this  point  for  shipment,  there  were 
nine  elevators  in  operation  here,  where  five  are  now  found  to  be  .sufficient.  In  the  construction  of 
the  canal  the  Fox  River  was  dammed  four  miles  above  its  mouth,  whence  a  feeder  leads  through 
the  place  the  surplus  water,  which  is  used  for  milling  purposes.  The  necessity,  however,  for  more 
extended  manufacturing  facilites,  as  a  means  of  recalling  the  tide  of  business,  led  to  the  organization 
of  the  "  Ottawa  Manufacturing  Company." 

This  company,  aided  by  an  issue  of  city  bonds,  has  constructed  dams  on  the  Illinois  and  Fox 
Rivers,  just  above  their  junction,  thus  obtaining  at  the  lowest  stage  of  water  everj'et  known,  as  has 
been  carefully  estimated  by  competent  engineers,  a  pressure  of  3,000  horse-power  under  fifteen  feet 
head.  Of  the  60,000  cubic  feet  per  minute  derived  from  the  Illinois  River,  35,000  of  it  comes  from 
Lake  Michigan,  through  the  deep  cut  in  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Cimal,  which  can  be  depended 
on'when  the  rivers  are  at  their  lowest.     It  is  easy  to  see  that  this  great  provision  of  cheap  and  steady 


§56  HdMilBUILDllfO. 

power  will  in  a  short  period  of  years  greatly  change  the  aspect  of  Ottawa.  Among  manufacturing 
concerns  now  in  operation  are  those  making  Agricultural  Implements,  Glass,  Starch,  Flour,  Paper, 
Cutlery,  Carriages,  Furniture  and  Knitting  Machines;  there  is  also  a  large  Foundery  and  Machine 
Shop,  and  many  other  smaller  enterprises. 

Iiistitution.s.  There  are  13  churches  in  this  city,  among  them  are  Baptist,  Congregational, 
Methodist,  Presbyterian,  Episcopal,  German  Lutheran,  German  Catholic  and  Roman  Catholic,  some 
of  which  occupy  building?  of  superior  architectural  beauty;  there  are  seven  fine  ward  schools,  good 
private  schools,  and  the  county  institute  for  the  instruction  of  teachers.  There  are  also  the  county 
institutions,  banks,  two  Republican  and  two  Democratic  newspaper  offices,  and  a  State  building  in 
which  the  Supreme  Court  holds  its  sessions  in  this  part  of  the  State. 

Real  Estate.  The  plateau  on  the  north  side  of  the  Illinois  River  upon  which  Ottawa  stands  is 
abont  one  mile  wide  and  over  20  feet  above  high  water,  giving  good  drainage.  North  of  this  plateau 
an  easy  bluff  rises  to  a  considerable  hight,  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  the  bluff  comes  quite  near 
to  its  banks.  Many  elegant  residences  are  built  along  the  bluff  on  fine  sites,  and  the  city  is  located 
in  a  picturesque  and  attractive  place.  Lots  60x120  feet  range  from  $100  to  $600  each;  such  houses 
as  are  for  rent  range  from  $100  to  $300  per  year,  and  are  fair  to  good.  Farms  in  the  county  range 
from  $40  to  $G0  per  acre,  the  production  of  corn  being  the  principal  object  of  the  farmers  of  the 
locality,  the  soil  being  of  the  best  quality  for  tlie  purpose. 

Dr.  J.  O.  Harris,  real  estate  broker,  general  insurance  agent  and  notary  public,  Ottawa,  111.,  has 
been  in  the  place  over  twentj-^  years,  and  has  a  reputation  that  any  man  might  be  proud  to  possess; 
he  knows  all  the  people  and  property  in  the  city  or  county,  and  will  cheerfully  respond  to  any  in- 
quiries. Any  kind  of  collecting,  purchasing,  insurance,  or  other  business  committed  to  his  care 
will  be  properly  cared  for. 


BURLINGTON,  IOWA. 

This  is  the  third  city  in  the  State;  it  is  the  capital  of  Des  Moines  County,  and  was  at  one  time 
the  capital  of  the  State;  it  is  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Missi^sippi  River,  2.".0  miles  above  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  is  207  miles  westerly  from  Chicago,  111.,  by  way  of  the  Chicago  and  Burlington  Rail- 
road. The  site  of  the  city  is  somewhat  broken  into  bhiffs  and  plateaus,  and  entails  considerable  ex- 
pense which  is  avoided  on  more  level  sites.  The  river  opposite  is  broad,  clear  and  beautiful,  and  its 
banks  on  the  eastern  side  are  studded  with  elms  and  other  graceful  trees.  Part  of  the  city  is  built 
on  bluffs  nearly  100  feet  above  the  river,  and  commands  splendid  views  of  the  picturesque  scenery 
along  it  for  many  miles.  Burlington  was  projected  about  1825;  has  made  a  constant,  steady,  gradual 
growth,  and  has  a  population  at  this  time  of  about  20,000.  It  is  located  in  a  limestone  region,  is 
thoroughly  drained  and  sewered,  and  is  a  heaUliy  place.  There  are  here  several  good  Hotels,  the 
Lawrence  and  Barrett  Houses  being  considered  first-class,  charging  $3  per  day,  while  the  Scott, 
Eagle  and  McCutchon  Houses  charge  $2  per  day. 

Industries.  Burlington  is  an  industrious,  go-a-head  place,  has  the  greatest  river  in  the  world, 
with  regular  lines  of  steamers  and  six  active  railroad  lines  as  carriers  of  her  manufactured  wares, 
and  her  vast  supplies  of  grain  which  is  garnered  by  her  farmers,  and  which  return  to  her  all  the 
supplies  her  people  require  for  consumption  and  manufacture.  There  are  here  extensive  Saw  Mills 
which  manufacture  immense  quantities  of  all  grades  of  Lumber,  Sash,  Door  and  Blind  Factories, 
heavy  Founderies  and  Machine  Shops,  Car  and  Repair  Shops,  and  there  are  many  other  concerns 
engaged  in  different  kinds  of  manufacture.  Stone  abounds  for  building  purposes,  and  a  clay  from 
which  a  good  brick  is  made,  and  of  which  most  of  the  houses  are  built,  is  abundant. 

The  Institutions  of  the  city  consist  of  about  20  churches,  excellent  ward  schools,  and  is  the 
seat  of  Burlington  University  (Baptist).  There  are  several  banks,  insurance  offices,  and  all  the 
count}'  offices  and  institutions.    There  are  several  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  published  in  the 


HOMEBUILDING.  351 

city,  the  "Burlington  Hawkeye"  taking  the  lead;  it  is  a  paper  which  circulates  extensively  through- 
out the  State,  and  is  a  crisp,  newsy  sheet  of  eight  pages  and  large  size.  The  country  around  this 
center  is  very  fertile  and  prosperous. 


MOUNT   PLEASANT, 

Located  on  an  elevated  prairie,  and  encompassed  on  the  north,  west,  and  south  within  a  horse- 
shoe bend  of  Big  Creek,  235  miles  from  Chicago,  111.,  and  28  miles  from  Burlington,  by  way  of  the 
Burlington  and  Missouri  Railroad,  and  the  county  seat  of  Henry  County,  Iowa.  This  town  was  laid 
out  in  1837,  has  made  a  good  start,  is  well  drained,  is  situated  in  a  fine,  airy,  healthy  locality,  and 
has  an  active,  vigorous  popuMion  of  6,000.  There  are  a  number  of  fair  Hotels  in  the  city,  among 
them  the  Harlan  House,  $3  50  per  day;  Wiggins  House,  fl  50  per  day,  and  the  Commercial  House, 
$2  per  day. 

The  Industrial  Enterprises  of  this  city  are  largely  of  a  commercial  nature,  although  there  are 
manufacturers  of  various  kinds  prosperously  at  work. 

The  Institutions  of  Mount  Pleasant  are  superior  in  class  and  extent  to  those  of  any  other  city 
of  its  size  in  the  North- West;  there  are  15  churches  of  different  denominations,  some  of  whicli  are 
occupying  very  fine  houses  of  worship;  seven  public  schools,  Whittier  College,  a  female  seminary, 
and  the  Wesleyan  University.  The  State  Asylum  for  the  Insane  is  located  here,  and  all  the  offices 
and  institutions  of  the  county  government. 

Real  Estate.  Vacant  lots  can  be  had  at  very  reasonable  prices,  and  rents  are  also  quite  low. 
Farms  in  the  vicinity  of  the  city  are  worth  from  $40  to  $50  per  acre,  although  they  can  be  had  more 
distant  from  the  city  for  about  $25  to  $40  per  acre.  Farm  products  are  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  rye. 
Brick,  stone,  sand,  and  lime  are  abundant,  and  wood  and  coal  are  near  at  hand. 

Mr.  H.  C.  Saunders,  real  estate,  loan  and  collecting  agent.  Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa,  will  cheerfully 
communicate  any  special  information  with  regard  to  the  city  or  county,  and  can  give  valuable  assist- 
ance to  any  wishing  his  aid  or  advice. 


BOSTON,  MASS. 

We  break  the  chain  of  our  westward  course  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa,  in  order  to  return  once 
more  to  the  great  cities  and  towns  that  rest  upon  the  lands  which  slope  down  to  the  Atlantic,  and 
taking  up  a  few  of  them  in  our  descriptions  and  a  larger  number  in  our  lists  of  places  and  prices  as 
they  occur;  still  again,  on  a  general  westerly  course  from  which  we  do  not  design  wholly  to  de- 
part until  we  shall  finish  our  labors  in  this  volume. 

We  have  not  named  the  City  of  Boston  with  a  view  to  entering  info  any  prolonged  remarks 
with  reference  to  it,  so  much  has  already  been  said  and  written  about  this  remarkable  metropolis  of 
the  Eastern  States,  that  we  do  not  deem  it  our  duty  to  attempt  in  this  work  anything  more  than  a 
sufficient  number  of  lines  to  work  it  as  the  principal  center  from  which  we  shall  approach  many, 
if  not  most,  of  the  places  we  name  in  the  Eastern  States. 

Ever  since  the  shedding  of  the  first  blood  for  American  Independence  on  Boston  Common,  the 
life  of  that  city  has  exhibited  remarkable  energy  in  all  times  of  national  need.  It  has  pushed  its 
industrial,  commercial  and  intellectual  enterprises  with  that  degree  of  determined  manliness  which 
has  brought  it  to  the  most  forward  and  distinguished  positions  in  all  matters  relating  to  them.  Its 
preparations  and  facililigs  for  carrying  on  u  gQUimercial  iulcltourse,  not  only  with  the  Slates,  but 


352  HOME      BUILDING. 

with  all  the  world,  are  of  such  a  complete  and  extended  character  that,  unless  New  York  shall 
look  well  to  her  course,  Boston  will  surpass  her  within  the  next  quarter  of  a  century. 


WORCESTER. 


This  splendid  old  city  is  located  in  the  midst  of  one  of  the  most  fertile  regions  in  the  Eastern 
States,  on  the  line  of  the  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad,  45  miles  from  Boston  and  190  miles  from 
New  York-  it  is  the  capital  of  Worcester  County,  Mass.,  was  settled  in  1713,  and  incorporated  in 
1848.  It  is  situated  partly  in  a  valley  surrounded  by  hills,  and  partly  upon  elevations  rising  on  the 
west  and  east,  over  which  many  elegant  residences  and  pretty  cottages  are  rapidly  spreading,  and 
carrying  with  them  a  remarkable  air  of  beauty  and  pleasantness.  The  network  of  railroads  which 
converge  upon  this  city  have  been  the  principal  means  of  its  growth  and  prosperity,  and  there  is 
now  a  population  of  over  50,000  within  its  incorporate  limits. 

The  drainage  and  sewerage  systems  of  this  city  are  very  complete  and  eflficient  in  their  nature; 
the  sanitary  interests  of  the  place  are  carefully  cared  for,  and,  in  consequence,  the  Jiealthfulness  of 
Worcester  is  of  the  highest  order.  The  Hotels  of  this  city  arc  among  the  best  in  the  country,  the 
Bay  State  House  taking  the  lead,  charges  $4  per  day,  the  Exchange  Hotel  charging  $3  50  per  day, 
the  Grand  Central  and  Waverly,  both  being  on  the  European  plan,  are  moderate  in  their  charges 
and  are  excellent  houses. 

Industries.  We  could  not  enter  into  any  perfect  statement  of  all  the  wonderful  enterprises  and 
industrial  establishments  of  this  busy  place  without  consuming  more  of  our  space  than  we  can  allot 
to  it.  Among  the  factories  and  shops  which  are  kept  actively  at  work  producing  needed  goods  are 
those  manufacturing  Cotton  and  Woolen  Fabrics  of  many  varieties.  There  are  also  Machine  Shops, 
Brass,  Iron,  and  Copper  Founderies,  and  a  great  variety  of  manufacturing  enterprises  which  employ 
large  numbers  of  men,  women,  girls  and  boys,  and  produce  vast  quantities  of  goods  yearly. 

The  Institutions  of  this  fine  old  New  England  city  are  as  varied  and  extensive  as  her  industrial 
pursuits.  There  are  about  25  churches,  some  of  Avhich  are  the  most  famous  in  the  State.  The  pub- 
lic schools  are  of  the  finest  order,  Worcester  being  among  the  first  to  establish  graded  schools,  beside 
which  there  are,  perhaps,  a  greater  number  of  distinguished  institutions  of  learning  in  and  around 
Worcester  than  can  be  found  in  any  other  city  of  its  size  in  the  United  States.  Among  them  we  will 
mention  the  Worcester  County  Free  Institute  for  Industrial  Science,  in  which  many  young  people 
learn  to  master  various  mechanical  arts.  This  institution  should  be  duplicated  by  every  city  in  the 
United  States,  endowed  with  libraries  of  the  choicest  character,  equipped  with  all  the  improved 
astronomical  and  philosophical  instruments  known  to  the  professors,  and  supplied  with  perfect 
working  models  of  standard  machinery,  constructed  to  a  scale  and  so  made  as  to  be  easily  taken 
apart  for  examination.  Such  institutions  would  do  more  to  suppress  pauperism,  subdue  laziness, 
elevate  and  improve  every  grade  of  society,  industry  and  learning  than  could  ever  enter  into  the 
philosophy  of  the  modern  evolutionist.  Then  there  is  the  Highland  Military  School,  the  Worcester 
Academy— which  is  under  tiie  direction  of  the  Baptists— and  others.  There  are  also  a  number  of 
charitable  and  benevolent  institutions  connected  with  the  State,  County,  and  City  Governments, 
several  banks,  splendid  libraries,  insurance  offices,  and  other  organizations,  and  seven  newspapers 
and  periodicals  published  in  the  city, 


HOME     BUILDING.  353 


GREENFIELD. 

This  fine  New  England  town  stands  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  and  is  the  capi- 
tal of  Franklin  County,  Mass.,  one  of  the  north-western  counties  of  the  State.  It  is  on  the  Connec- 
ticut River  Railway,  172  miles  from  New  York,  at  the  point  where  the  Massachusetts  Railway  comes 
in  from  the  east,  and  the  Troy  and  Greenfield  Railway  from  the  west.  This  town  was  projected  in 
1753,  and  its  streets  are  studded  with  majestic  elms,  which  have  shaded  from  the  Summer  sun  the 
heads  of  several  generations.  The  rolling  hills  and  picturesque  valleys  of  the  vicinity  throw  a  charm 
of  beauty  over  this  quiet  and  peaceful  locality  which  charms  the  weary  traveler  to  a  season  of  rest, 
sometimes  against  his  own  wishes  to  push  on  to  more  popular  resorts.  Tlie  town  contains  nearly 
4,000  inhabitants,  and  possesses  a  number  of  fine  Hotels,  among  them  are  tlie  Mansion  House,  $3 
per  day;  Union  House,  $1  50  per  day;  the  American  House,  $3  50  per  day,  and  Reed's  Hotel,  $1  75 
per  day.  The  healtlifulness  of  this  town  is  of  the  highest  character,  its  drainage  superior,  air  fine 
and  pure,  and  its  environs  are  of  the  most  attractive  and  beautiful  nature. 

Industries.  There  is  fine  water-power  privilege  at  this  point  in  connection  with  the  river,  and 
it  is  the  site  of  extensive  manufactories  of  Cutlery,  Planes  and  Molding  Tools,  Patent  Bolt  Cutters, 
Taps  and  Dies,  Baby  Carriages,  Baby  Carriage  Hardware,  and  other  goods  of  a  similar  nature. 

Among  the  Institutions  of  Greenfield  are  seven  churches  of  different  denominations,  excellent 
graded  schools,  a  public  library,  and  two  newspaper  offices,  one  of  which  issues  a  paper — the 
"Gazette  and  Courier" — which  has  a  circulation  of  over  5,000;  the  "Franklin  County  Times"  having 
a  circulation  of  over  2,000. 


NORWALK. 


On  both  sides  of  the  Norwalk  River  at  its  junction  with  tide  water  of  Long  Island  Sound,  in 
Fairfield  County,  Conn.,  and  on  the  New  York  and  New  Haven  Railroad,  45  miles  from  New  York 
at  the  point  from  which  branches  off  the  Danbury  and  Norwalk  Railway.  This  is  one  of  the  his- 
toric towns  of  New  England,  it  having  been  founded  in  1649,  and  burned  by  the  British  in  1779. 
It  has  long  since  passed  by  its  two  hundredth  birthday;  has  a  living  population  of  over  15,000,  and 
the  graves  of  its  former  people  number,  perhaps,  twice  as  many  more.  At  the  time  of  the  burning 
of  Norwalk  by  the  British,  the  house  at  the  corner  of  State  Street  and  the  Green  was  owned  by  a 
patriot  citizen  whose  activity  had  been  such  as  to  make  him  a  conspicuous  rebel,  and  when  the  news 
reached  him  that  the  British  were  landing  two  miles  below  the  town,  he  deemed  it  the  better  part  of 
valor  to  remove  his  family  and  such  household  goods  as  he  could  readily  furtlier  up  the  country, 
and  in  half  an  hour  had  them  ready  to  start,  when  it  was  discovered  that  an  old  family  servant  could 
not  be  induced  to  go.  "  No,"  she  said,  "I  have  just  put  eight  loaves  of  bread  in  the  oven  " — the  old 
fashioned  brick  oven  in  the  side  of  tlie  chimney — "  and  I  can't  bear  to  have  them  burned  up."  The 
family  were  obliged  to  hurry  off  without  her,  thinking  she  would  follow  them .  as  soon  as  she  saw 
them  going. 

The  enemy  immediately  took  possession  of  the  town,  and  the  British  Governor,  with  his  staff, 
took  a  position  on  the  conical  hill  which  stands  on  the  east  side  of  East  Avenue,  about  sixty  rods 
south  of  the  Green,  and  from  which  he  could  see  all  the  buildings  of  the  town  as  it  then  stood,  and 
while  his  soldiers  went  from  house  to  house  with  flaming  torches,  he  stood  and  witnessed  the  scene 
with  evident  satisfaction.  When  the  torch  was  applied  to  the  house  referred  to,  the  old  house- 
servant,  who  stood  watching  her  loaves  in  the  oven,  rushed  upon  the  flames  and  extinguished  them; 
this  she  done  the  second  time,  and  then  putting  on  her  old  sun-bonnet,  hurried  with  all  her  strength 
to  the  position  occupied  by  the  Governor,  and  panting  with  exertion.     "  There  I"  she  exclaimed 


354  HOMB     BUILDING. 

pointing;  *'  that  house  on  the  corner  is  master's,  and  he  was  such  a  good  friend  of  King  George  the 
rebels  have  driven  him  out  of  town,  and  there's  nobody  left  but  me  to  watch  the  house,  and  now 
King  George's  soldiers  are  trying  to  burn  it  up  ;  you  tell  'em  to  let  it  alone,  please  sir,  wont  you  ?" 
The  Governor  gave  orders  accordingly,  and  it  was  the  only  building  in  that  part  of  the  town  not 
burned,  and  stands  a  monument  to  persevering  constancy. 

Beside  the  excellent  railroad  facilities  afforded  this  place,  which  amounts  to  about  fifteen  trains 
daily  to  and  from  New  York,  it  is  reached  by  vessels  of  light  draught,  and  has  regular  lines  of 
steamboats  from  Market  Slip  and  Thirty-fourth  Street,  New  York;  and  is  one  of  the  most  healthful, 
pleasant  cities,  along  the  Connecticut  Shore.  The  Norwalk  Hotel  is  the  principal  public-house  in 
the  city;  charges  $2  50  per  day. 

Industi'ies.  Like  many  of  the  Connecticut  cities  and  towns,  this  people  are  actively  engaged 
in  producing  useful  articles  of  merchandise,  and  the  products  of  whose  factories  are  wide  and 
favorably  known.  Among  the  more  conspicuous  industrial  establishments  are  one  large  "Woolen 
Mill,  two  heavy  Felt  Cloth  Mills,  extensive  Iron  Works,  a  Lock  Factory,  two  Fuunderies,  one 
Pottery,  six  Hat  and  two  Shoe  Factories,  a  large  Shirt  Manufacturing  Concern,  and  several  other 
smidler  establishments. 

Institutions.  The  towns  of  New  England  are  also  famous  for  their  well-appointed  and  well- 
sustained  institutions,  and  among  those  of  Norwalk  we  will  enumerate  three  Baptist  Churches,  three 
Methodist  and  three  Union  Churches,  two  Congregationalist  and  two  Episcopal  Churches,  and  one 
Roman  Catholic  Church.  The  schools  are  of  the  best  grades,  there  being  six  common  schools,  and 
one  large  school  for  boys,  beside  several  other  good  private  schools.  There  are  three  banks  of  dis- 
count, three  savings  banks,  two  insurance  companies,  three  newspaper  offices,  a  consolidated 
branch  of  the  leading  insurance  companies  in  the  Uniied  States  and  Great  Britain,  two  opera  houses, 
and  several  other  institutions  of  various  characters. 

Real  Estate.  There  are  a  fair  number  of  small  houses  which  can  be  rented  in  this  place  from 
$100  to  $200  per  year,  larger  and  more  elegant  ones  for  from  $500  to  $700  per  year,  and  it  is  possible 
to  obtain  a  fine  house  on  East  Avenue — which  is  a  wide,  beautifully  shaded  avenue — for  $1,000  per 
year,  furnished.  The  entire  city  is  well-drained,  the  lands  sloping  well  to  the  river  and  toward  the 
Sound.  Building  materials  have  mostly  to  be  brought  from  a  distance,  and  consequently  buildings 
cannot  be  put  up  at  as  low  figures  as  at  other  points. 

Mr.  Geo.  R.  Cowles,  whose  post-office  address  is  Box  220,  Norwalk,  Conn.,  gives  personal 
attention  to  real  estate  and  general  business  matters,  and  can  be  profitably  consulted  by  all  wishing 
to  inquire  with  reference  to  Norwalk.  He  is  also  of  the  firm  of  Cowles  &  Merrill,  Post  Office 
Building,  Norwalk,  Conn.,  who  are  the  Branch  Office  Managers  of  New  England,  New  York  and 
Great  Britain,  and  represent  a  capital — in  the  insurance  line — of  over  $70,000,000. 


STONINGTON, 


We  have  omitted  from  our  descriptions  a  large  number  of  the  finest,  most  interesting,  and  pret- 
tiest towns  and  cities  of  New  England,  but  having  placed  many  of  them  in  the  tables  of-"  Places 
and  Costs,"  we  have  taken  up  those  which  appear  among  our  descriptions,  largely  for  the  purpose 
of  affording  better  means  of  comparison. 

Stonington  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  Connecticut,  having  been  first  settled  in  1649.  It  is  in 
New  London  County,  and  in  the  south-east  corner  of  the  State.  It  is  famous  in  the  history  of  the 
Revolutionary  War,  as  having  valorously  and  successfully  resisted  an  attack  under  the  command  of 
Sir  Thomas  Hardy.  It  is  one  of  the  most  healthy  districts  in  the  State,  is  a  favorite  Summer  resort, 
and  has  a  population  of  over  2,000.  The  Wadwonick  Hotel  is  the  principal  concern  of  the  kind, 
and  is  considered  a  Summer  resort  of  a  very  inviting  character.  Stonington  is  138  miles  from  New 
York  by  railroad,  and  is  al80  connected  with  that  city  by  a  regular  line  of  first-class  Sound  steamers. 


HOME      BUILDING.  355 

There  are  Baptist,  Congregationalist  and  Episcopal  Churches,  very  excellent  schools,  and  other 
institutions,  and  also  one  newspaper  published  in  Stonington.  Good  accommodations  to  rent  can 
be  had  at  from  $10  to  $25  per  month;  good  building  lots  are  valued  at  from  |10  to  $20  a  front  foot 
— 150  feet  deep — and  as  good  farms  as  are  found  in  the  neighborhood  can  be  had  for  $50  per  acre. 
Living  is  low,  any  amount  of  the  best  fish  can  be  had  for  the  catching,  and  the  society  is  of  a  highly 
intelligent  and  social  character. 


NEWPORT. 

There  is,  perhaps,  no  other  city  in  the  United  States  which  is  better  known  or  has  a  more  sub- 
stantial character  as  a  first-class  "watering  place  "  than  this  one.  It  is  situated  on  the  westerly  side 
of  the  island  of  Rhode  Island,  a  few  miles  above  its  southerly  point,  on  a  sloping  eminence  which 
faces  the  splendid  harbor  of  Narragansett  Bay,  and  is  in  the  county  of  Newport,  of  which  it  is  the 
capital,  and  in  the  State  of  Rhode  Island.  Newport  was  settled  in  1639,  and  was,  until  after  the 
Revolution  of  1776,  the  most  important  commercial  city  in  America;  but  during  that  sanguinary 
struggle  it  was  ravaged  to  such  an  extent  as  to  reduce  its  population  from  over  12,000  to  about  4,000, 
and  so  seriously  crippled  its  commercial  relations  that  it  never  succeeded  in  regaining  its  lost  pres- 
tige; and  although  it  is  now  a  splendid  little  city  of  about  14,000  permanent  inhabitants,  and  has  a 
fluctuating  population  of  still  another  5,000,  there  is  scarcely  a  hope  that  it  will  ever  again  surpass 
New  York  and  Boston  in  commercial  importance. 

The  healthfulness  of  this  point  is,  perhaps,  not  surpassed  by  any  other  on  the  Atlantic  Coast. 
Its  Hotels  are  of  a  superior  character,  and  some  of  them  very  capacious.  The  Aquidunk  House 
charges  $3  per  day,  and  the  Ocean  House  $4  per  day;  and  there  are  several  other  houses  of  the  class 
of  the  former.  Newport  is  reached  from  New  York  by  the  Fall  River  line  of  steamers,  which  leave 
their  pier  on  the  North  River  daily  about  5  p.  m.  From  Providence  by  steamer,  also;  and  from 
Boston  by  the  Old  Colony  and  Newport  Railway. 

Newport  has  more  beautiful  cottages  and  splendid  villas  within  its  limits  than  any  place  of  its 
size  in  the  United  States,  and,  if  we  should  say  its  principal  industry  was  in  "letting  itself  out" 
during  the  Summer  and  Autumn,  we  should  be  within  the  bounds  of  fact.  There  are,  however,  a 
few  mechanical  industries  located  in  this  elegant  old  city,  and  among  them  are  a  number  of  Cotton 
Mills,  a  Brass  Foundery,  Lead  Works,  and  a  few  mills,  factories,  and  shops  connected  with  the 
house-building  interests. 

The  Institutions  of  the  place  include  many  churches  and  schools  that  are  of  the  best  character, 
and  which — the  former  especially — receive  much  patronage  from  that  class  of  the  population, 
which,  if  we  were  inclined  to  Darwinistic  weakness,  we  might  conclude  had  been  evolved  from  the 
wild  goose  instead  of  the  wild  ape. 

Real  Estate.  Furnished  cottages  and  villas — as  reported  by  Alfred  Smith  &  Sons,  real  estate 
agents,  &c.,  Newport,  R.  I. — can  be  obtained  for  from  $300  to  $6,000  for  the  current  season — about 
five  or  six  months.  The  entire  city  lays  well  for  drainage,  and  tlie  best  located  lots  range  in  prices 
from  $25  to  $100  per  front  foot.  Farms  on  the  Island  can  be  had  for  from  $100  to  $300  per  acre, 
although  the  best  lands  for  buiding  sites  on  the  shore  are  held  at  from  $1,000  to  $10,000  per  acre. 
The  cost  of  living  at  this  point  is  said  to  be  less  than  in  New  York  or  Boston.  There  are  two  news- 
papers published  in  the  city,  and  improvements  of  a  good,  substantial  nature  are  being  vigorously 
carried  forward. 


356  HOME     BUILDING. 


NEWBURYPORT. 

This  beautiful  city  and  port  of  entry  is  located  at  the  mouth  of  and  on  the  southerly  side  of  the 
Merrimack  River,  in  Essex  County — of  which  it  is  the  semi-capital — and  State  of  Massachusetts, 
36  miles  from  Boston  byway  of  the  Eastern  Railway.  This  old  place  was  incorporated  as  Newbury 
in  1635,  was  set  off  as  a  mercantile  port  in  1764,  and  styled  Newburyport,  and  was  incorporated 
as  a  city  in  1851.  It  has  met  with  several  very  discouraging  reverses  during  its  life  of  abo>it  240 
years,  and  has  at  this  time  a  population  of  only  about  13,000.  It  stands  on  an  easily  sloping 
eminence  of  moderate  height,  is  adorned  with  many  elegant  residences,  commands  a  charming  pros- 
pect, and  is  an  exceedingly  healthy  place.  The  most  popular  Hotel  in  the  city  is  the  Merrimack 
House,  which  charges  $3  per  day,  the  City  Hotel  and  American  House  charging  $2  50  per  day  each, 
and  the  Ocean  House  charging  $2  per  day.  Although  the  harbor  is  a  very  fine  one,  with  deep 
water,  it  is  greatly  depreciated  in  the  eyes  of  mariners,  because  of  the  shifting  sand-bar  which 
obstructs  its  entrance. 

The  Industries  of  this  city  are  of  an  extensive  and  important  nature,  and  are  principally 
included  in  Cotton,  Cordage,  Comb,  Hal,  and  Shoe  Manufacturing,  Ship  Building,  Fishing,  Mining, 
Founding  and  Building  Machinery. 

Among  the  Institutions  of  the  place  are  Presbyterian,  Baptist,  Congregationalist,  Methodist, 
Christian,  Universalist,  Unitarian,  and  Catholic  Churches,  a  goodly  number  of  fine  public  schools, 
Putnam  Free,  and  one  private  boarding  school  for  males.  There  are  also  four  banks  of  deposit,  two 
for  savings,  a  public  reading  room  and  library,  three  newspaper  offices,  and  many  other  institutions 
of  various  natures. 

Real  Estate.  Newburyport  is  very  regularly  laid  out,  the  principal  street  running  along  the 
summit  of  the  aclivity  upon  which  the  city  stands  is  about  four  miles  long,  and  is  studded  with  fine 
old  shade  trees  which  rise  up  in  front  of  many  beautiful  homes.  The  town  is  also  about  four  miles 
wide,  and  has  splendid  drainage  to  the  river.  The  best  building  lots  are  on  the  extremes  of  the  city, 
and  give  fine  views  of  the  ocean,  river  and  harbor.  Prices  asked  for  lots,  either  on  the  outskirts  or 
central,  are  comparatively  very  low.  Good  brick  are  made  in  the  place,  and  the  great  quarries  of 
Cape  Ann  are  near  at  hand. 

Piper  &  Sawyer,  real  estate  and  general  business  agents,  Newburyport,  Mass.,  have  complete 
lists  of  all  desirable  lots,  farms,  or  business  opportunities  in  the  city  or  county,  and  will  cheerfully 
respond  to  any  inquiry  with  relation  to  these  matters,  and  can  give  valuable  aid  to  their  customers. 


LITTLETON. 

Locatea  within  the  western  border  of  the  White  Mountain  region  of  New  Hampshire,  in  Grafton 
County,  this  pleasant  town  enjoys  the  opportunity  of  entertaining  a  large  proportion  of  those  who 
visit  that  picturesque  part  of  the  Eastern  States.  It  is  on  the  Ammonoosac  River,  but  a  short  dis- 
tance from  the  Connecticut  River,  188  miles  from  Boston,  by  way  of  the  Boston,  Concord  and 
Montreal  Railroad.  The  site  of  this  town  is  high,  hilly,  very  healthy,  and  it  has  a  population  of 
about  2,400.     There  are  three  Hotels  in  the  town,  the  best  of  which  is  the  Thayer  Hotel. 

Littleton  is  a  busy,  go-ahead  place,  and  there  are  a  large  number  of  Industrial  Enterprises 
being  prosperously  conducted  by  its  people,  among  which  are  Woolen,  Scythe,  Chair,  Sash  and 
Blind  Factories,  Saw,  Planing,  and  Grist  Mills,  a  Foundery,  Machine,  and  Wood-working  Shops. 
These  concerns  have  the  advantage  of  excellent  water-power,  which  they  combine  with  steam  in 
some  instances. 

Institutions.    There  are  four  churches,  good  graded  schools,  and  two  newspaper  offices  in  the 


HOME      BUILDING.  367 

place,  and  several  other  organizations  under  this  head.  Sundries.  Wood,  stone,  and  a  superior 
bed  of  brick  clay  are  native  to  the  locality,  and  building  openilions  are  greatly  tacilitated  thereby. 
Accommodations  to  rent  are  fair  and  very  moderate.  This  town  is  drained  in  a  liiorough  manner, 
and  building  plots  are  sold  at  comparatively  lovp  figures.  Good  board  can  be  had  in  private  families 
at  from  $3  50  to  $4  per  week. 

Mr.  J.  J.  Barrett,  insurance  and  general  business  agent,  will  respond  to  any  inquiries  looking 
toward  locating  in  this  town  or  county,  and  can  attend  to  any  business  for  strangers  to  their  profit. 


MONTPELIER, 

The  capital  of  the  State  of  Vermont,  and  of  Washington  County.  It  is  located  on  the  Onion 
River,  about  309  miles  from  Boston,  Mass.,  via  the  Vermont  Central,  Boston  and  Concord  Railroads, 
and  near  the  center  of  the  State.  It  was  projected  in  1780,  became  the  capital  of  the  State  in  1805, 
and  the  seat  of  justice  of  the  county  in  1811.  It  stands  on  what  was  supposed  to  be  the  bed  of  a  lake 
at  one  time;  is  surrounded  by  a  rolling,  fertile  and  well-wooded  country,  and  is  considered  a  very 
healthy  city.  Its  present  inhabitants  are  composed  of  Yankees,  Irish,  English,  French,  and  a  few 
colored  families,  which  altogether  number  about  4,000,  and  are  a  thriving,  industrious  class  of 
people.  There  are  a  number  of  Hotels  in  the  place,  among  which  are  the  Pavilion  Hotel,  $2  per 
day,  and  several  others  which  charge  the  same  rates. 

Tlie  Industrial  Occupations  of  the  place  are  connected  with  the  manufacture  of  Machinery, 
Children's  Carriages  and  Sleds,  Milling  of  various  natures,  and  other  enterprises.  There  is  a  fine 
water-power  in  connection  with  the  river  at  this  point,  and  other  natural  advantages  for  the  favor- 
able prosecution  of  a  manufacturing  business. 

The  Institutions  of  this  city  are  such  as  are  commonly  found  at  State  and  county  capitals,  and 
there  are  beside  six  churches,  a  number  of  good  schools,  and  a  Methodist  seminary.  There  are 
four  newspapers,  including  one  religious  sheet,  published  in  the  place,  among  them  the  "Argus  and 
Patriot,"  which  has  a  weekly  circulation  of  5,800,  and  is  the  best  advertising  medium  in  Vermont 
at  this  time.  It  is  a  sprightly,  independent,  newsy  paper,  circulates  over  a  wide  territory,  and  is 
growing  in  popularity. 


POUGHKEEPSIE. 

Along  the  eastern  shore  of  the  Hudson  River  are  a  large  number  of  famous,  beautiful,  and 
picturesque  localities  between  this  city  and  New  York,  none  of  which  possesses  any  very  marked 
advantages  over  the  others,  or  over  Poughkeepsie  in  any  respect  more  important  than  in  tliat  of 
being  nearer  New  York,  and  requiring  less  of  their  citizens'  time  in  passing  from  their  business 
places  in  that  city  to  their  homes.  This  we  consider  a  very  important  advantage,  and  one  that 
should  never  be  overlooked  by  the  business  man  of  New  York  who  is  seeking  a  "Home"  beyond 
the  overstrained  atmosphere  of  that  great  human  hive,  where  his  little  folks  may  romp  in  the  sun- 
shine and  "chase  the  winged  butterfly  "  without  the  constant  risk  of  having  their  brains  dashed  cut 
by  reckless  hackmen.  But  this  advantage  of  distance  and  time  is  one  that  can  readily  be  compre- 
hended by  a  few  moments  study  of  the  time-table  of  the  railroad  or  river  route,  over  which  any 
given  point  is  reached;  and  aa  our  tables  of  "  Places  and  Costs  "  reveal  the  most  important  facts  in 
connection  with  the  first  great  expense  of  "Home  Building"  in  a  number  of  the  most  desira'ile 
places  between  this  one  and  New  York,  as  well  as  a  great  many  others,  we  do  not  think  there  is  any 


358  HOME      BUILDING. 

particular  necessity  for  descriptions  of  them,  although  we  should  take  pleasure  in  such  a  labor  if  our 
time  and  space  would  permit. 

Poughkeepsie  was  incorporated  in  1801 ;  is  a  fine,  prosperous  city  of  nearly  30,000  popalation, 
and  is  the  county  seat  of  Dutchess  County,  N.  Y.  It  is  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 
75  miles  from  New  York  City,  by  way  of  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  and  it  has  a  branch  railroad 
connecting  it  with  the  interior  of  the  fertile  county  of  which  it  is  the  capital,  and  with  the  Harlem 
Railroad.  It  stands  on  elevated  lands  of  somewhat  broken  surface,  bas  excellent  facilities  for 
drainage,  and  is  considered  a  very  healthy  place.  There  are  a  number  of  fine  Hotels  in  the  city, 
the  Poughkeepsie  and  Morgan  Houses,  rating  themselves  as  first-class,  and  charging  $3  per  day; 
the  Clark,  Forbes,  and  one  or  two  other  houses,  charging  but  $2  per  day. 

The  rich  farmers  of  Dutchess  County  have  contributed  largely  to  the  commercial  prosperity  of 
this  city,  and  her  sons  and  daughters  have  helped  in  a  great  measure  to  fill  its  schools  and  colleges. 
A  number  of  vessels  are  owned  here,  and  a  large  amount  of  grain  and  other  produce,  marble  and 
other  building  materials,  with  manufactured  goods  are  shipped  upon  them  for  New  York  and  other 
ports. 

The  Industrial  Establishments  of  this  city  are  principally  those  manufacturing  Machinery  of 
various  characters.  Cotton  Goods,  Carriages,  Farming  Implements  and  Machinery,  Earthenware, 
Carpets,  Leather  and  Flour.  There  are  also  a  number  of  factories  and  shops  engaged  upon  goods 
and  materials  used  in  the  building  business,  which  has  employed  a  large  amount  of  capital  the  last 
few  years. 

The  Institutions  of  Poughkeepsie  are  numerous,  and  some  of  them  are  very  widely  known. 
There  are  about  25  churches  of  the  different  Cliristian  denominations,  some  of  which  possess  houses 
of  worship  of  a  very  superior  architectural  mold.  The  public  scliools  are  well  graded  and  officered, 
and  beside  them  there  is  in  and  near  the  city  several  institutions  of  learning  of  as  good  reputations 
as  any  of  their  class  in  the  State. 

Among  them  we  would  note  the  Vassar  Female  College,  which  is  a  splendid  institution  of  the 
kind,  occupying  a  prominent  site  just  east  of  this  city. 

The  Eastman  Business  College  is  also  located  at  this  place.  It  is  an  institution  which  has  been 
extensively  advertised,  and  is,  no  doubt,  known  to  most  of  our  readers.  The  writer  knew  Mr.  H. 
G.  Eastman,  its  founder,  president,  and  proprietor,  through  business  relations  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in 
1858,  at  the  time  of  his  opening  a  business  college  at  that  place.  Colleges  for  the  special  training 
of  young  men  and  women  in  any  particular  science,  profession,  or  line,  are  important  educators, 
which  generally  get  hold  of  their  pupils,  at  the  most  critical  period  of  their  lives,  at  a  period  when 
habit  by  example  of  influence  is  most  readily  and  rigidly  transferred;  when  the  die  for  the  life  is 
cast  and  hardened  into  activity,  which  shall  operate  to  gradually  elevate  the  individual  to  a  success- 
ful, bright  and  useful  career  in  life;  or  as  surely,  though  it  may  be  slowly,  depress  them,  by  failure 
after  failure,  and  finally  hurl  them  broken  and  crushed,  perhaps,  into  a  drunkard's  grave.  The 
place,  its  sanitary  regulations,  and  its  associations,  should  be  as  carefully  studied  by  the  parent  or 
guardian  of  the  young  as  the  institution  or  its  professors;  and  we  believe  that  if  both  these  subjects 
received  such  careful  examination  as  their  exceeding  great  importance  to  the  charge  demands,  many 
institutions  which  now  flourish  throughout  the  country,  would  soon  be  compelled  to  close  their  re- 
cords or  change  their  positions  or  practices.  We  will  have  much  more  to  say  upon  this  and  many 
kindred  subjects  in  a  work  we  shall  prepare  upon  "The  Power  of  Example  to  Fasten  Habit,  Special 
Institutions,  &c."  There  are  seven  newspapers  and  periodicals  published  in  tliis  city,  a  number  of 
banks  and  other  in.stitutions. 

Building  is  very  much  facilitated  in  this  locality  by  the  natural  advantages  which  are  found  in 
it,  as  well  as  by  the  manufacturing  concerns  which  produce  goods  and  articles  required  in  the  busi- 
ness. The  stone  and  marble  quarries  of  this  locality — especially  the  latter — are  of  a  superior  nature. 
Brick,  lime,  and  other  articles  required  are  also  at  hand  and  near  by. 

Among  those  engaged  in  this  line  of  business  we  will  particularly  mention  Mr.  A.  Cannon,  jr., 
architect  and  builder,  333  Main  .^treet,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  Mr.  C.  is  not  only  proficient  in  his 
business,  but  is  also  the  inventor  of  Cannon's  Improved  Dumb-Waiter,  patented  May  29,  1869. 


HOME      BUILDING.  359 

Among  other  qualities  possessed  by  this  waiter,  it  has  that  of  remaining  stationary  at  any  given 
point,  when  loaded  to  about  50  pounds  or  empty,  without  being  fastened.  Beside  it  can  be 
operated  upon  from  any  floor  with  which  it  connects,  and  it  can  be  attached  to  old  waiters 
with  trifling  alterations.  It  is  also  claimed  that  it  is  cheaper  than  any  other,  considering  its 
durability,  ease  of  operation,  and  other  advantages. 


ALBANY, 

The  capital  of  the  State  of  New  York,  is  located  on  the  western  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  143 
miles  from  New  York  City  via  the  Hudson  Kiver  Railroad,  and  in  Albany  County.  This  city  is 
situated  in  a  position  which  gives  it  great  commercial  advantages,  beside  having  the  broad,  beau- 
tiful Hudson  down  which  to  send  its  commerce  to  the  ports  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean;  beside  it  has 
two  first-class  lines  of  railroads  communicating  therewith  in  the  same  direction,  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad  and  its  many  branches  and  connections  westerly;  several  lines  of  railroads  con- 
necting it  with  Boston  and  other  points  north  and  east;  the  Erie  Canal  affording  water  communi- 
cation with  the  entire  central  part  of  the  State,  and  with  the  great  lakes  and  the  West  and  the 
Champlain  Canal  which  penetrates  to  Lake  Champlain  and  the  North 

Albany  was  first  settled  by  the  Dutch  in  1614,  and  in  1623  a  log  fort  was  constructed  where  the 
city  now  stands  and  called  Fort  Orange.  The  town  was  first  known  as  Beaver  Wyck,  and  after- 
ward as  Williamstadt,  and  received  its  present  name  at  the  time  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British 
in  1664,  in  honor  of  James,  Duke  of  Albany,  who  was  subsequently  James  IL  Second  to  James- 
town, Va.,  this  was  the  oldest  European  settlement  in  the  first  Thirteen  States.  In  1686  it  received 
a  charter,  and  became  the  capital  of  the  State  in  1798.  In  1850,  the  population  of  Albany  was  some- 
thing over  50,000,  in  1860  it  was  over  62,000,  in  1870  it  was  over  80,000,  and  at  this  time— 1876--it  is 
over  90,000;  by  which  figures  its  growth  in  the  future  may  be  fairly  hypothecated. 

The  healthfulness  of  this  city  is  good;  although  greater  care  to  cleanliness,  more  perfect  land  and 
street  drainage,  which  from  the  position  of  the  city  can  be  easily  effected,  with,  perhaps,  a  more 
complete  system  of  sewerage,  would  richly  reward  its  inhabitants.  One  of  the  great  faults,  which 
amounts  in  some  cases  to  a  curse  and  a  blight,  in  connection  with  our  city  governments,  is  the  dis- 
astrous disposition  on  the  part  of  the  citizens  to  look  upon  the  city  officials  as  a  sort  of  semi-tyrants 
who  own  the  town,  and  who  are  to  be  suspected  and  hampered  to  as  great  an  extent  as  possible; 
instead  of  recognizing  more  fully  the  fact  that  they,  the  citizens,  are  the  government  in  fact — the 
owners  of  the  place,  the  power  therein — and  if  they  fail  to  supply  their  hirelings,  the  city  officials, 
with  suitable  tools,  means  and  instruction,  sympathy  and  encouragement,  the  disgrace  of  failure, 
the  stigma  of  neglect,  until  filth  breeds  pestilence  which  ravages  their  families,  belongs  on  their 
heads.  It  is  no  excuse  that  their  officials  are  dishonest,  but  rather  a  burning  shame  to  them,  their 
vote  and  will  it  was  that  such  men  should  become  the  custodians  of  their  property  and  their 
servants,  and  they  have  not  seen  to  it  that  their  employes  were  faithful,  examined  their  accounts 
and  observed  their  work,  even  with  half  the  concern  the  owner  of  a  second-class  candle  factory 
would  watch  the  operations  of  men  in  whose  hands  he  had  intrusted  his  property. 

This  thing  must  be  changed,  and  the  revolution  is  as  needful  in  State  and  National  Government 
as  in  Municipal.  Our  servants  must  be  chosen  for  their  honesty  and  fitness,  and  not  because  of 
what  we  have  been  pleased  to  call  their  political  record;  and  when  we  have  placed  them  on  duty, 
like  an  honest  people  we  must  see  to  it  that  they  are  compelled  to  maintain  their  honesty  and  integ- 
rity, and  shield  them  by  checks  and  safeguards  as  we  would  our  own  children  against  temptation. 
Albany  is  a  center  at  which  a  large  number  of  transient  citizens  are  alwa5's  to  be  found,  and  there 
are  in  the  city  a  number  of  fine  Hotels,  the  Delavan  House  and  Congress  Hall  taking  the  lead  and 
charging  $4  per  day;  the  City  Hotel  charging  $2  50  per  day,  and  the  Mansion  Hduse  $2  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  this  capital  are  of  a  very  extensive  and  important  chai-acter;  among  them  the 


360  HOME      BUILDING. 

manufacture  of  Stoves  and  other  cast-iron  goods  occupies  a  conspicuous  position;  besides  there  are 
Blast  Furnaces,  Boot  and  Shoe  Factories,  extensive  manufactories  of  Blinds,  Sash,  Doors,  Paper 
Boxes,  Hollow  Ware,  Agricultural  Implements,  and  many  other  varieties  of  useful  articles. 

Albany  and  Troy  have  long  been  looked  upon  as  the  principal  Lumber  Market  of  the  State. 
Here  great  quantities  of  spruce  and  pine  timber  and  lumber  are  sent  by  the  canals  from  the  West  and 
North,  and  piled  up  for  sale  and  reshipment  by  river  and  raUroad  to  points  further  South  and  East. 
Albany  as  a  commercial  point  ranks  not  less  than  third  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  its 
converging  canals,  railroads,  and  the  Hudson  River  afford  it  extensive  facilities  for  maintaining  its 
standard. 

The  Institutions  of  this  city  are  also  numerous  and  important  in  their  natures.  Among  the 
churches,  which  are  over  70  in  number,  are  those  of  all  the  leading  denominations,  and  many  of 
them  are  very  strong  organizations  and  widely  known.  The  public  schools  are  also  numerous,  well 
equipped,  and  organized  after  the  best  model=.  There  is  also  a  long  and  honored  list  of  colleges, 
seminaries  and  academies  at  this  center;  the  State  and  Municipal  Institutions,  several  banks,  insur- 
ance offices,  and  a  number  of  benevolent  and  beneficial  societies,  and  there  are  17  newspapers 
published  in  the  city,  including  the  daily,  weekly,  and  semi-weekly  issues. 

Real  Estate.  There  is  a  great  variety  of  choice  in  locality,  and  in  the  natural  conditions  of  the 
lands  and  lots  at  this  point;  the  best  localities  and  lots  are  on  State  and  North  Pearl  Streets, 
although  we  would  advise  any  who  may  desire  to  investigate  this  matter  to  apply  to  Mr.  Wm.  B. 
Conant,  513  Broadway,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  as  l.<.  _  fully  acquainted  with  all  available  localities,  and 
gives  his  attention  to  such  matters.  Houses  for  dwelling  and  business  purposes  are  renting  at 
reasonable  rates,  and  the  cost  of  building  is  also  at  a  low  average. 


SCHENECTADY. 


Seventeen  miles  north-west  of  Albany,  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  and  160  miles 
from  New  York,  is  located  this  pleasant  city.  It  is  the  capital  of  Schenectady  County,  New  York, 
is  on  the  Erie  Canal,  is  the  point  at  which  railroads  branch  off  from  the  main  line  of  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad  to  Troy  and  the  East,  Saratoga  and  the  North,  to  Binghamton  on  the  Erie  Railway, 
and  to  Athens  on  the  Hudson.  This  point  was  first  settled  by  the  Holland  Dutch  in  1620,  as  a 
trading  post,  the  first  grant  of  land  being  made  in  1661.  In  February,  1690,  the  town,  consisting  of 
a  church  and  about  60  houses,  was  destroyed  by  French  and  Indians,  and  was  again  captured  in  the 
French  "War  of  1748.  It  was  incorporated  in  1798,  and  is  now  a  handsome,  flourishing  city  of  about 
15,000  inhabitants,  many  of  which  bear  the  old  familiar  names  of  Schermerhorn,  Yates,  Sweets, 
Veder,  and  Van  Vanst.  The  place  is  a  healthy  one,  and  has  a  number  of  good  Hotels,  the  list  of 
which  should,  probably,  be  headed  by  the  Givens  Hotel  and  Corley  House,  both  of  which  charge  $3 
per  day,  the  Merchant's  Hotel  and  Burns  House  charging  |2  and  $3  50  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  this  city  are  largely  commercial  in  their  character,  beside  which  there  are 
Locomotive  Works,  Car  and  Agricultural  Implement  Factories,  and  many  other  establishments. 

Among  the  Institutions  of  the  place  are  16  churches,  many  fine,  well-graded  public  schools, 
seminaries.  Union  School  and  Classical  Institute,  and  Union  College — one  of  the  oldest  and  best 
known  institutions  of  the  kind  in  the  State.  Beside  there  are  banks,  the  county  institutions,  insur- 
ance offices,  and  six  newspapers  published  in  Schenectady. 

Mr.  E.  N.  Schermerhorn,  banker  and  broker,  and  agent  for  the  leading  American  and  Foreign 
Insurance  Companies,  may  be  applied  to  for  advice  with  reference  to  locating  in  this  place  advan- 
tageously. 


HOME      BUILDING.  3C1 


BALLSTON  SPA. 

This  flourishing  town  is  the  capital  of  Saratoga  County,  N.  Y.,  and  is  30  miles  from  Albany  by 
way  of  the  Rensselaer  and  Saratoga  Railroad.  It  was  projected  in  1770,  was  at  one  time  more  cele- 
brated for  its  mineral  water  than  Saratoga,  is  a  very  healthy  town,  and  has  at  this  time  about  5,500 
inhabitants. 

The  Industries  of  the  place  are  important,  and  are  on  the  increase.  There  are  now  in  vigorous 
operation  three  Cotton  Mills,  one  large;  Woolen  Mill,  an  Ax  Works  and  Scythe  Factory,  six  Paper 
Mills,  one  Bag  Factory,  one  Collar  Factory,  a  Box  Factory,  two  Machine  Shops  and  Founderies, 
several  Saw  Mills,  and  two  Sash,  Blind  and  Door  Factories. 

Its  Institutions  consist  of  Presbyterian,  Baptist,  Methodist,  Episcopal  and"  Roman  Catholic 
Churches,  a  fine  Union  School,  the  county  institutions,  three  newspapers,  and  several  other  insti- 
tutions of  various  characters. 

Sundry  Matters.  Accommodations  to  rent  are  somewhat  limited,  and  rate  from  10  to  12  per 
cent,  on  the  value  of  the  property.  Lots  vary  in  prices,  according  to  the  location,  from  $200  to 
$5,000  per  city  lot.  Farms  in  the  vicinity  are  generally  of  a  good  quality,  and  range  from  $50  to 
$150  per  acre.  There  is  abundance  of  stone,  brick  and  timber  for  building  purposes,  procured  and 
manufactured  in  the  place. 

Any  of  our  readers  wishing  more  particular  information  on  special  subjects  can  obtain  it  of  Mr. 
Geo.  R.  Beck,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y.,  life,  fire,  and  real  estate  agent,  office  in  Gould's  Building,  oppo 
site  First  National  Bank,  and  those  having  business  in  ]\Ir.  Beck's  line  will  find  him  a  useful  helper, 
prompt  and  obliging.  Ballston  Spa  has  a  city  water-works  of  a  superior  character,  with  a  head  of 
175  feet  of  pure,  fine  water,  and  there  is  a  constant  increase  of  manufacturing  interests. 


ROME. 

This  flourishing  city  is  the  semi-capital  of  Oneida  County,  New  York;  is  on  the  Erie  and  Black- 
River  Canal  and  on  the  main  line  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  at  the  point  at  which  the 
Rome,  Watertown  and  Ogdensburgh  Railroad,  and  the  Rome  and  Clinton  Railroads  branch  off,  252 
miles  from  New  York  City.  This  city  was  projected  in  179G,  stands  on  the  site  of  Fort  Stanwix  and 
Fort  Bull — two  forts  distinguished  in  the  early  history  of  the  State  as  being  verj''  strong  works  on 
the  then  frontier,  Rome  is  on  the  summit  level  between  the  Hudson  River  and  Lake  Ontario;  the 
Mohawk  River,  upon  the  western  side  of  which  it  stands,  flowing  eastward  to  the  Hudson,  and  Wood 
Creek,  a  short  distance  west  of  the  town,  turning  its  course  westerly,  flows  down  into  the  lake.  It  is 
a  very  healthy  place,  and  has  now  a  population  of  over  13,000,  and  has  several  Hotels ;  among  them 
the  Stanwix  Hall,  $2  50  per  day;  the  Commercial  and  Willet  Houses,  $2  per  day,  and  the  Northern 
Hotel,  $1  50  per  day. 

The  Industrial  Establishments  are  those  manufacturing  Railroad  and  Merchant  Iron,  Cars  and 
other  articles,  and  Knitting  Mills.  There  is  considerable  commerce  carried  on  from  this  point — it 
was  at  onetime  considered  the  largest  lumber  market  in  the  State,  and  is  still  largely  engaged  in  the 
business. 

The  Institutions  are  important,  and  appear  to  be  well  cared  for.  There  are  two  Methodist,  one 
Baptist,  one  Presbyterian,  one  Episcopal,  two  (German  and  Irish)  Catholic  Churches,  which  have 
brick  and  stone  houses  of  worship,  and  there  are  several  others  not  so  well  provided.  The  schools 
are  of  the  best  class,  well  graded;  and  there  is  a  seminary  and  an  institute  for  deaf  and  dumb  mutes; 
there  are  banks,  insurance  offices,  other  benevolent  institutions,  and  two  newspapers  published  in 
the  city. 


362  HOME      BUILDIKQ. 

Sundries.  Among  the  natural  facilities  for  building  are  stone  and  wood  in  abundance,  and  a 
clay  from  which  good  brick  are  made.  Accommodations  to  rent  and  prices  are  fair,  and  the  prices 
of  lots  are  moderate.  The  farms  in  the  vicinity  are  mostly  good  land  and  yield  all  the  usual  pro- 
ducts. Living  is  low,  comparatively,  and  the  "  Romans"  consider  they  have  the  handsomest  town 
of  its  size  in  the  State  of  New  York. 

James  H.  Searles  &  Co.,  bankers,  real  estate  and  general  insurance  agents,  Rome,  N.  Y.,  are 
parties  to  whom  we  recommend  our  readers  to  apply  in  case  they  wish  aid  in  their  line  of  business, 
or  are  in  want  of  any  detail  information  with  reference  to  this  city  or  locality. 


OSWEGO. 

This  splendid  city  of  the  North,  is  located  on  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  point 
at  which  the  Oswego  River  sweeps  rapidly  down  into  the  lake,  as  though  it  was  hastening  to  its 
burial  amid  those  dark  waters.  It  is  the  terminus  of  the  New  York  and  Oswego  Midland  Railroad, 
the  Oswego  and  Syracuse  Railroad,  the  Oswego  Branch  of  the  Rome,  Watertown,  Ogdensburg,  and 
Oswego  Railway,  and  of  the  Oswego  Canal,  and  is  about  315  miles  from  New  York  by  the  Mid 
land  Railroad.  Oswego  is  a  port  of  entry,  is  the  largest  city,  and  has  more  extended  commercial 
and  manufacturing  interests  than  any  other  place  on  Lake  Ontario  in  the  United  States.  It  was  first 
occupied  by  the  French,  who  built  a  fort  at  this  point  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  soon  after  the 
settlement  of  Quebec,  and  established  a  trading  post.  The  English  took  possession  of  the  point  in 
1724,  and  erected  a  fort  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  and  in  1755  another  fort  was  constructed  on 
the  east  side  of  the  river,  on  the  high  ground  near  the  lake,  where  Fort  Ontario  now  stands.  In 
1756,  the  French,  under  Montcalm,  succeeded  in  taking  this  fort,  but  it  was  soon  after  surrendered 
again  to  the  English,  who  bold  possession  of  it  until  it  was  turned  over  to  the  United  States  in  1796 
under  the  Jay  Treaty. 

It  is  finely  situated  on  high,  well-drained  lands,  and  enjoys  a  splendid,  invigorating  atmosphere, 
and  is  considered  an  exceedinglj-  healthy,  desirable  place  of  residence.  The  river  runs  through  the 
center  of  the  city,  and  has  a  fall  of  33  feet  within  its  limits,  affording  one  of  the  most  superior 
water-power  privileges  in  the  State.  After  the  completion  of  the  Oswego  Canal  this  place  began  to 
grow  rapidly,  and  has  now  a  population  of  over  35,000  people,  and  is  in  a  very  flourishing  condition. 
Among  the  Hotels,  the  Doolittle  House  is  the  superior,  |3  per  day — on  the  premises  of  this  house 
is  situated  tbe  famous  "Deep  Rock  Spring,"  the  waters  of  which  are  shipped  to  every  State  in  the 
Union.     The  Ontario,  Revenue,  Hamilton,  and  Fitzhugh  Houses  charge  $2  per  day  each. 

The  Industries  of  Oswego  in  connection  with  her  extensive  commerce  with  Canada,  the  vast 
chain  of  lake  cities,  and  the  great  wheat  region  of  the  State,  are  of  an  exceeding  important  and 
profitable  character.  Beside,  her  wonderful  water-power  privilege  has  enabled  her  enterprising 
people  to  achieve  a  reputation  for  milling  and  the  production  of  flour,  second  only  to  that  of 
Rochester  in  the  State  of  New  York.  There  are  also  extensive  Starch  Works,  and  many  other 
manufacturing  concerns.  In  connection  with  the  shipping  business  there  are  eight  grain  elevators. 
There  is  a  fine  harbor  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  which  has  been  greatly  improved  by  the  Govern- 
ment having  constructed  a  pier  on  the  west  side  about  1,300  feet  in  length,  and  one  on  the  east  side 
about  200  feet  long. 

Tlie  Institutions  of  this  city  are  in  a  flourishing  condition,  and  possess  an  air  of  prosperity 
gratifying  to  witness.  There  are  15  churches  of  various  denominations;  graded  city  schools  as  good 
as  can  be  found  in  New  York,  and  the  State  Normal  School,  which  lias  at  this  time  over  250  pupils. 
There  are,  beside,  banks  and  other  institutions  of  that  nature,  and  of  benevolent  characters,  and 
there  are  two  daily  and  two  weekly  newspapers  published  in  the  place. 

Sundry  Matters.  Oswego  is  beautifully  laid  out,  with  streets  about  100  feet  wide  running  at 
right  angles  with  each  other,  and  possesses  many  elegant  residences,  public  buildings,  churches  and 


HOME     BUILDING.  363 

stores.  It  is  a  semi-capital  of  Oswego  County,  N.  Y.,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  fine  wheat  and  apple- 
growing  country.  Of  the  latter,  there  are  shipped  yearly,  from  this  port,  between  200,000  and 
300,000  bushels.  Rents  are  moderate,  although  the  cost  of  building  is  somewhat  high,  partly  on 
account  of  there  being  no  limestone  in  the  county,  poor  brick  clay,  and  no  sand  fit  for  use  in 
building  nearer  than  three  miles.  Farms  in  the  locality  are  worth  from  $100  to  $150  per  acre;  lots 
are  held  at  from  $200  to  $5,000  per  city  lot — the  best  being  those  which  front  the  river.  Mr.  A.  T. 
Mattoon,  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  would  kindly  respond  to  any  especial  inquiry  with  regard  to  Oswego  or 
the  surrounding  coiuitry. 


GENEVA. 


This  town  is  finely  located  at  the  northern  end  of  Seneca  Lake,  in  Ontario  County,  N.  Y.,  on 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  199  miles  from  Albany,  and  242  miles  from  New  York  City.  It 
was  first  settled  in  1790,  and  has  at  present  a  population  of  about  7,000.  The  locality  is  a  fine, 
healthy  one,  and  the  city  contains  several  Hotels  of  which  the  Franklin  House  ranks  the  highest, 
fees,  $3  per  day;  the  Geneva  House  and  American  Hotel  charging  $2  per  day,  and  the  Manson 
House,  $1  50  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Geneva  are  largely  connected  with  the  farming  and  nursery  interest  of  the 
region.  There  being  more  acres  of  land  devoted  to  the  latter  business  in  this  locality  than  in  any 
other  in  the  United  States.  There  are  among  the  mechanical  and  artisan  industries  of  the  place 
Machine  Shops,  Manufacturers  of  Optical  Instruments,  and  extensive  Matting  Concerns. 

Institutions.  Among  these  are  three  Episcopal,  two  Presbyterian,  one  Baptist,  one  Methodist, 
one  Reformed,  one  Roman  Catholic,  and  one  Universalist  Church;  four  ward  schools,  one  splendid 
high  school,  several  fine  private  schools  for  both  sexes,  the  Hobart  College— under  the  dirt'ction  of 
the  Episcopalians — and  the  Medical  Institute  of  Geneva. 

Sundries.  Village  lots  range  from  $500  to  $4,000.  The  drainage  is  good.  Farms  in  the 
locality,  good  for  grain  and  dairy  purposes  and  excellent  for  nursery  stock,  are  worth  from  $100  to 
$250  per  acre.  There  are  two  weekly  newspapers  published  in  the  place.  There  are  stone  quarries 
seven  miles  east  of  this  point,  and  brick  are  made  at  the  town.  F.  "W.  Prince,  Geneva,  New  York, 
general  insurance  and  business  agent,  can  give  any  information  desired  with  reference  to  any  par- 
ticiilar  interest  or  locality,  which  would  be  of  a  useful  character. 


DAVENPORT. 


Among  the  many  splendid  cities  which  look  down  from  their  proud  positions  upon  this  Wonder 
of  Rivers,  Davenport  is,  perhaps,  the  leading  one  in  the  State  of  Iowa.  It  is  the  capital  of  Scott 
County,  is  182  miles  from  Chicago — westerlj' — on  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite 
Rock  Island,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railway.  This  point  is  about 
335  miles  above  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  by  way  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  450  miles  below  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Davenport  is  built  on  a  narrow  plateau,  extending  into  a  considerable  slope,  and  upon  the  summit 
of  a  bluff,  between  50  and  150  feet  in  hight  above  the  river,  somewhat  irregular  and  broken  in  sur- 
face. It  was  settled  in  1836,  has  experienced  a  continuously  prosperous  growth,  has  proved  to  be  in 
a  very  liealthful  locality,  and  has  at  this  time  nearly  30,000  inhabitants.  The  Burtis  House  is  con- 
sidered the  best  Hotel  in  the  place,  $2  50  per  day;  the  Scott  and  Central  Houses  charging  $2  per 
day;  beside,  there  are  several  other  houses  of  about  the  ^me  class. 


S64  HOME      BUILDIN'G. 

Industries.  Davenport  carries  on  an  extensive  commerce  with  the  great,  rich,  grain  and  pork 
producing  country  around  it,  and  is  greatly  facilitated  in  its  trade  by  the  railroads  which  center 
here  and  by  the  river.  It  is  a  great  lumbering  center,  and  there  are  here  concerns  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing Agricultural  Implements,  Carriages  and  Wagons,  Sash,  Blinds,  Doors,  and  many  other 
articles. 

The  Institutions  of  the  place  are  numerous,  and  the  people  appear  to  vie  with  all  their  neighbors 
in  their  efforts  to  extend  and  improve  them.  There  are  20  churches,  several  ward  schools  that 
appear  to  be  kept  up  to  the  highest  standard,  a  free  graded  high  school,  Griswold  College,  and 
several  private  institutions  of  learning  which  maintain  high  reputations. 

Sundry  Matters.  Davenport  is  in  the  heart  of  great  bituminous  coal-fields;  is  opposite  Rock 
Island,  upon  which  is  situated  the  most  extensive  and  complete  arsenal  and  government  building  in 
the  United  States.  The  surroundings  of  this  city  are  attractive,  possessing  many  points  of  rare 
beauty.  Dwelling-houses  can  be  rented  for  from  $10  to  $50  per  month,  according  to  the  locality 
and  accommodations.  Stores  are  renting  for  from  $400  to  $4,500  per  year.  Lots  for  dwellings,  150 
feet  above  the  river,  with  fine  drainage,  located  in  Park  Place — which  is  one  of  the  most  desirable 
places  to  build  a  residence — can  be  had  for  from  $100  to  $300  per  city  lot. 

Farms  in  the  locality  are  not  surpassed  by  any  in  the  State  for  the  production  of  grain  of  all 
kinds,  onions,  potatoes,  hogs,  cattle,  and  horses.  Farms  vary  in  prices  according  to  the  location 
and  nature  of  improvements,  from  $40  to  $150  per  acre.  The  cost  of  living  at  this  point  is  low,  as 
all  articles  of  food  are  produced  in  abundance  in  the  locality,  and  coal  costs,  delivered,  from  $4  50 
to  $7  per  ton.     There  are  seven  newspapers,  including  dailies  and  weeklies,  published  in  the  place. 

Mr.  Charles  H.  Kent,  real  estate  and  general  business  agent,  Davenport,  Iowa,  invites  corre- 
spondence with  reference  to  any  matters  concerning  this  city,  county,  or  the  State,  all  of  which  he 
is  thoroughly  acquainted  with.  He  is  prepared  to  give  valuable  assistance  in  locating  lands,  lots,  or 
investing  money  on  property,  at  ten  per  cent.,  net,  which  shall  be  worth  double  the  face  of  the 
mortgage,  paying  taxes  for  non-residents,  &c.    His  references  are  of  the  best  quality. 


MUSCATINE. 

This  fine  county  seat  of  Muscatine  County,  Iowa,  stands  on  the  summit  of  a  bold  bluff  which 
runs  nearly  north  and  south,  and  turns  the  Mississippi  River  from  an  almost  due  west  course  in 
which  it  runs  for  nearly  30  miles  after  leaving  Davenport,  to  a  nearly  south  direction.  It  is  30  miles 
below  Davenport  and  about  60  miles  above  Burlington,  Iowa;  is  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and 
Pacific  Railroad  at  Wilton,  and  runs  to  Leavenworth,  Kansas.  It  is  also  the  starting  point  of  the 
Muscatine  and  Western  Railroad.  The  high,  beautiful  position  of  this  city  guarantees  it  most 
splendid  drainage,  freedom  from  any  malarial  infection  from  the  river  bottoms  on  the  Illinois  side, 
and  affords  its  citizens  the  opportunity  of  as  fine  river  and  prairie  scenery  as  can  be  met  with  in  the 
State.  It  is  a  very  healthy  place;  was  laid  out  in  18<j7,  and  has  at  this  time  a  population  of  mostly 
Americans,  with  a  large  sprinkling  of  Germans  and  a  few  Irish,  numbering  in  all  about  11,000. 
The  Commercial  House  is  the  best  Hotel  in  the  city,  $2  per  day;  the  Scott  and  Grange  House 
charging  $1  per  day. 

The  Principal  Industry  of  this  city  is  the  manu''acture  of  Lumber,  there  being  three  large  Saw 
Mills  and  two  extensive  drying-houses.  The  annual  product  is  abont  25,000,000  feet  of  lumber, 
beside  Lath  and  Shingles  in  great  quantities.  There  are,  in  addition,  six  Lumber  Yards  selling  lum- 
ber rafted  down  the  river,  and  a  large  proportion  of  the  logs  sawed  here  are  brought  from  Wisconsin 
in  great  rafts.  There  are  also  two  Iron  Founderies,  a  Washboard  Factory,  a  Grange  Factory  for  the 
manufacture  of  Agricultural  Implements,  an  extensive  Wagon  Factory,  and  other  factories.  Mus- 
catine and  Muscatine  County  are  especially  noted  for  their  horses  and  cattle.     The  sales  annually  of 


HOME      BUILDING.  365 

line  horses  of  trotting  blood  form  one  of  the  heaviest  items  of  its  products  exported,  and  a  sale  of 
thoroughbred  cattle  owned  by  one  man,  in  1875,  amounted  to  over  $65,000. 

The  Institutions  of  Muscatine  are  very  much  of  the  character  of  those  found  in  all  the  thriving 
cities  of  its  size  in  the  West.  There  are  15  churches,  excellent  schools,  two  fine  graded  high  schools, 
the  county  institutions,  banks  and  insurance  offices,  benevolent  organizations,  and  there  are  four 
newspapers  published  in  the  city,  two  of  which  issue  daily  editions. 

Sundry  Matters,  Muscatine  has  a  good  system  of  water  works,  is  lighted  by  gas,  has  all  her 
principal  streets  macadamized,  and  is  now  agitating  the  subject  of  building  a  street  car  line.  The 
city  has  been  largely  built  by  cutting  down  hills  and  filling  up  hollows,  so  that  any  desired  exposure 
may  be  obtained,  and  the  drainage  is  excellent.  The  best  lots  for  residences  are  on  "  the  hill  "  and 
on  the  Iowa  City  road,  and  are  valued  at  from  $100  to  $1,000  per  city  lot.  The  best  business  lots 
are  corner  of  Iowa  Avenue  and  Second  Street.  Dwelling  houses  can  be  rented  for  $13  to  $15  per 
month,  containing  six  to  eight  rooms,  and  are  in  great  demand.  The  cost  of  living  at  this  point 
averages  low. 

Muscatine  is  a  desirable  point,  and  any  one  thinking  of  locating  here  can  obtain  valuable  infor- 
mation or  assistance  by  applying  to  Mr.  Daniel  Hayes,  Muscatine,  Iowa.  This  gentleman  is  well 
acquainted  with  the  people  and  property  of  this  city  and  county,  is  a  dealer  in  fine  horses  of 
trotting  breeds,  and  is  also  a  real  estate  and  general  business  agent. 


SIBLEV. 

This  young  town  is  the  county  seat  of  Osceola  County,  Iowa,  which  adjoins  the  extreme  north 
west  county  of  the  State.  It  is  situated  on  the  Sioux  City  and  St.  Paul  Railroad,  about  70  miles 
from  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  and  is  also  reached  by  the  Iowa  Division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  to 
La  Mars,  Iowa,  and  thence  to  Sibley  via  the  Sioux  City  and  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It  is  located  in  a 
high  latitude,  enjoys  a  fine  bracing  atmosphere,  and  is  found  to  be  very  healthy.  Sibley  was  pro- 
jected in  1871,  is  consequently  a  very  young  town,  but  has  at  present  an  industrious,  intelligent 
population  of  over  500,  which  are  mostly  New  England  people.  There  are  two  Hotels  in  the  town, 
Sibley  and  Shells  Hotels. 

The  Industries  of  Sibley  are  altogether  connected  with  the  farming  interests  of  the  county.  It 
being  a  county  town,  it  is  the  principal  headquarters  of  the  county  at  which  supplies  are  obtained, 
and  to  which  the  products  of  the  surrounding  country  and  portions  of  Dakota  are  brought  for 
exchange  or  shipment. 

The  Institutions  of  this  new  capital  are  in  a  roniarkable  state  of  prosperity  when  it  is  remem- 
bered that  it  is  only  about  five  years  since  the  place  was  laid  out.  There  are  Congregational  and 
Methodist  Churches,  both  of  which  have  pleasant  houses  of  worship  and  are  out  of  debt.  There 
are  also  good  school  buildings  erected  and  paid  for,  a  Masonic  and  an  Odd  Fellows  Lodge,  and 
there  is  a  newspaper — "  Sibley  Gazette" — published  in  the  town. 

Sundries.  There  are  a  few  houses  that  can  be  rented,  and  which  rate  at  about  $2  per  room  per 
month.  The  best  lots  are  on  the  southern  slope  in  the  north  side  of  the  town,  in  Chase's  Addition 
and  East  Addition.  Business  lots  range  from  $250  to  $500  per  city  lot,  and  good  lots  for  residences 
can  be  had  for  from  $100  to  $225.  Farms  in  the  adjoining  county  are  very  good,  those  imjiroved 
are  selling  from  $10  to  $30  per  acre,  unimproved  $3  to  $10  per  acre.  Inquire  of  C.  L.  Davidson, 
Sibley,  Iowa,  for  particular  information  concerning  the  place. 


366  HOME      BUILDING. 


MILWAUKEE. 

The  metropolis  of  Wisconsin  and,  next  to  Chicago,  the  largest  and  finest  commercial  city  on 
the  shores  of  Lake  Michigan.  It  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Milwaukee  River,  and  is  the 
county  seat  of  Milwaukee  County,  "Wis.  The  mouth  of  the  Milwaukee  River  and  a  considerable  stretch 
of  the  Monomonee  River,  which  flows  into  the  former  about  half  a  mile  from  its  mouth,  has  been 
greatly  improved,  so  that  the  harbor  of  Milwaukee  is  one  of  the  very  best  on  the  western  side  of  the 
lake.  This  city  is  85  miles  north  of  Chicago,  via  the  Milwaukee  Division  of  the  Chicago  and  North- 
western Railroad,  is  the  starting  point  for  both  branches  of  the  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
and  has  two  other  lines  of  railroad  converging  upon  it.  This  place  was  settled  in  1835,  and  incor- 
porated as  a  city  in  1846;  has  experienced  an  almost  unbroken  course  of  prosperity,  and  has  at  this 
time  over  100,000  inhabitants,  of  which  about  one-half  are  Germans.  This  city,  in  respect  to  its 
position  on  two  rivers  and  its  lake  frontage,  bears  a  remarkable  resemblance  to  Chicago,  although 
the  surface  of  the  site  is  not  so  level,  there  being  considerable  bluffs  a  distance  from  the  rivers  upon 
which  a  portion  of  the  city  stands  overlooking  the  lake. 

Its  record  for  healtlifulness  is  as  good  as  Chicago,  although  we  consider  it  a  difllcult  matter  to 
determine  whether  the  death-roll  of  a  city  the  size  of  this  one,  whose  people  annually  pour  into  their 
stomachs  over  1,000,000  gallons  of  frothing  slops  embittered  with  aloes,  and  strongly  impregnated 
with  the  deadly  poison  of  alcohol,  is  the  legitimate  result  of  natural  death  elements  prevalent  in  the 
locality,  or  owes  a  large  percentage  of  its  numbers  to  the  inevitable  result  of  the  opening  of  the 
flood-gates  of  such  a  river  of  destruction,  which,  although  it  may  carry  its  devotees  singing  merrily 
with  giddy  pleasure  among  the  flashing  breakers,  it  shall  surely  sweep  a  vast  percentage  of  them 
forward  more  and  more  rapidly,  and  finally  hurl  them  without  remedy  into  the  yawning  jaws  of 
death  and  desolation.  The  Hotels  of  Milwaukee  are  a  fine  class  of  public  houses,  and  are  quite 
numerous.  Among  them  we  will  name  the  Plankinton  and  Newhall  Houses,  $3  50  per  day;  the 
Sherman  and  Kirby  Houses,  $3  50  per  day;  and  the  St.  Charles  and  Grand  Central  Hotels,  $3  per 
day. 

The  Industries  of  this  port  of  entry  are  largely  of  a  commercial  nature,  the  quantities  of  wheat, 
flour,  and  other  farm  products  annually  shipped  from  here  is  very  great.  There  is  a  large  water- 
power  privilege  in  connection  with  the  river  which  has  been  improved,  and  there  are  some 
of  the  most  extensive  Flouring  Mills  in  operation  here  that  are  to  be  found  any  where  in  the  North- 
West.  The  manufacturing  interests  are  quite  large  and  varied,  and  there  is  a  long  list  of  Brewers 
and  Distillers. 

This  splendid  city  has  a  large  number  of  Institutions,  some  of  which  have  made  themselves 
known  to  a  wide  circle  of  admirers,  and  among  which  are  about  70  churches,  a  large  number  of 
schools,  seminaries,  and  other  institutions.  The  city  is  built  largely  of  a  fine  cream-colored  brick, 
which  is  of  a  superior  quality  and  enduring  in  color,  and  gives  the  place  a  peculiar  appearance — 
having  earned  for  it  the  cognomen  of  "Cream  City."  The  country  is  very  fertile,  and  is  rapidly 
advancing  in  wealth  and  population. 


WATERTOWN* 


This  flourishing  little  city  is  located  on  both  sides  of  the  Rock  River,  44  miles  west  of  Mil- 
waukee, via  the  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  that  road  with  the  Chicago, 
North- Western,  Watertown  and  Madison  Railroad  in  the  northern  part  of  Jefferson  County,  Wis. 
This  city  was  projected  in  1835,  at  which  time  it  contained  about  half  a  dozen  people,  and  was 
known  as  Johnson  Rapids.     It  has  continued  to  grow  and  increase  in  numbers  and  importance, 


HOME      BUILDIT^G.  367 

being  surrounded  by  a  fine,  fertile  country,  until  it  has  now  nearly  10,000  inhabitants.     Watertown 

is  well  drained,  the  Rock  River  having  a  fall  of  nearly  25  feet  within  a  few  hundred  yards which 

also  affords  a  fine  water-power— and  greatly  facilitates  drainage,  and  it  is  considered  a  healthy  i)lace. 
The  Laudon  Hotel  and  Bay  State  House  are  the  best  public  houses  in  the  city,  both  charging  $3  per 
day. 

Industries.  The  water-power  privileges  of  this  place  have  contributed  greatly  to  the  growth  of 
a  large  manufacturing  interest,  among  the  industrial  concerns  are  six  Flour  Mills,  two  Sash  and 
Blind  Factories,  Founderies,  Machine  Shops,  Rolling  Mills,  a  large  number  of  Carriage,  Wa'^on,  and 
other  shops,  and  there  is  also  a  heavy  trade  carried  on  with  the  surrounding  country. 

Among  the  Institutions  are  churches  of  all  the  leading  Christian  denominations,  fine  public 
schools,  a  Protestant  Lutheran  University  and  Theological  School,  and  a  Catholic  College.  There 
are  also  banks  and  other  commercial  institutions,  and  two  newspaper  oflices  in  the  city. 

Sundries.  There  is  plenty  of  stone  in  the  place,  and  a  clay  from  which  a  .splendid  quality  of 
brick  are  made,  of  which  many  of  the  buildings  are  constructed.  Lots  are  wortii  from  $100  to 
$1,000.  Farms  in  the  locality  are  worth  from  $30  to  $100  per  acre.  Stores  are  mostly  brick  and 
rent  at  about  $600  per  year,  while  dwellings  range  at  from  $5  to  $30  per  month.  There  are  mag- 
netic wells  in  the  locality. 


FON   DU   LAC. 


This  city  is  the  capital  of  Fon  du  Lac  County,  Wis.,  is  finely  situated  on  gradually  rising  lands 
at  the  southern  end  of  Lake  Winnebago,  which  slope  down  to  the  lake.  It  is  about  148  miles  from 
Chicago,  via  the  Fon  du  Lac  and  Sheboygan,  and  the  Chicago  and  North-Western  Railroads,  and  it 
also  has  other  important  railroad  facilities.  Tiie  lake  is  a  splendid  sheet  of  water  about  30  miles 
long  and  an  average  of  10  miles  in  width,  and  affords  an  economical  means  of  moving  a  laige 
amount  of  freight  across  its  waters,  down  the  Fox  River  into  Green  Bay  and  Lake  Michigan.  This 
place  was  first  settled  in  1835,  is  finely  drained,  is  a  very  heallhy  locality,  and  has  at  this  time  over 
17,000  inhabitants.  There  ^re  a  number  of  Hotels  in  Fon  du  Lac,  all  of  which  charge  $2  per  day, 
and  of  which  the  Patty  House  is  considered  the  best. 

This  city  is  supplied  with  the  best  of  water  by  artesian  wells,  which  are  from  80  to  100  feet 
deep,  and  are  flowing  fountains.  There  are  also  a  number  of  magnetic  wells,  from  000  to  800  feet 
deep,  which  throw  steady  columns  of  water  to  a  considerable  hight,  some  as  mucii  as  50  feet  high; 
one  of  these,  "  Hunter's  Magnetic  Fountain,"  is  visited  by  thousands  of  invalids,  many  of  whom 
have  received  remarkable  benefit. 

The  Industries  of  Fon  du  Lac  are  largely  of  a  commercial  character,  as  it  is  a  center  to  which  a 
great  region  of  farming  country  brings  its  products  for  trade  or  shipment,  and  at  which  it  obtains 
its  supplies.  There  are  Flouring,  Planing,  and  a  large  number  of  Saw  Mills;  Plow,  Cabinet  and 
Soap  Factories;  also  manufacturers  of  Cars,  Wagons,  Threshing  Machines  and  other  agricultural 
machinery  and  implements. 

The  Institutions  of  the  place  are  numerous  and  in  a  flourishing  condition;  there  are  20 
churches,  embracing  many  Christian  denominations;  the  best  of  public  graded  schools  and  a  high 
school  which  occupies  a  splendid  building.  There  are  banks,  insurance  offices,  beneficial  societies, 
one  daily  and  four  weekly  newspapers  published  in  the  place. 

Real  Estate.  City  lots  for  residences  are  selling  for  from  $100  to  $2,000  a  piece,  the  best  being 
located  on  Sheboygan,  Divison,  and  Forrest  Streets.  Farms  in  the  county  and  near  this  point  are 
devoted  to  raising  wheat  and  other  grains,  and  are  valued  at  from  $40  to  $100  per  acre.  Mr.  J.  A. 
Hazard,  corner  Main  and  First  Streets,  Fon  du  Lac,  Wis.,  dealer  in  real  estate,  general  business  and 
insurance  agent,  will  answer  any  inquiry  with  reference  to  this  place,  and  will  give  prompt  attention 
to  all  matters  of  business  left  in  his  charge. 


368  HOME      BUILDING. 


SHEBOYGAN. 


This  flourishing  lake  port  is  the  county  seat  of  Sheboygan  County,  Wis.,  and  is  situated  on  the 
Sheboygan  River,  near  its  entrance  into  Lake  Michigan.  With  reference  to  the  name  of  the  place, 
we  copy  from  a  sketch  by  Mr.  John  O.  Thayer  :  "  The  meaning  of  the  Indian  word  She-boy  gan  is 
by  no  means  certain.  There  is  but  little  doubt  but  that  the  original  name  was  She-wau-wau-gun. 
Elliot,  in  his  Indian  Grammer,  says  that  in  all  of  the  Indian  dialects  'gan,'  'gun,'  or  'gin'  means 
place,  and  the  generally  received  definition  of  Shewauwaugun  is  the  place  where  the  water  ran 
under  the  ground,  the  Indians  claiming  that  after  the  junction  of  the  Onion  River  with  the  She- 
boygan there  did  not  appear  to  be  any  more  water  in  the  Sheboygan  than  before,  and  that  conse- 
quently there  must  be  somewhere  an  underg-ound  outlet." 

The  county  of  Sheboygan  was  organized  December,  1838.  The  city  of  Sheboygan  was  plotted, 
however,  in  1835,  and  lots  were  sold  at  auction  in  Chicago  in  June,  1836.  The  first  term  of  court 
held  in  Sheboygan  County  was  organized  at  Sheboygan  village,  in  the  school-house,  in  June,  1846. 
Then  two  wagon  roads  were  projected  only,  now  nearly  70  miles  of  iron  roads  are  running  within 
its  limits,  and  about  $29,000  was  expended  in  repairs  of  common  roads  the  past  year.  Then  one 
short  school  was  all  that  was  required,  now  over  $40,000  is  spent  annually  for  common-school  p\ir- 
poses.  Then  a  tax  of  less  than  $600  for  all  purposes  was  considered  enormous,  now  over  $187,000 
is  demanded  to  meet  the  disbursements  of  the  past  year,  and  but  80  short  years  have  rolled  in 
between  the  two  periods. 

This  is  not  only  a  sketch  showing  the  progress  of  Sheboygan  County,  which,  by  the  way,  is  not 
above  the  average,  but  it  finds  more  than  its  equal  in  a  large  number  of  counties  in  Illinois,  Iowa 
and  Michigan,  and  about  its  parallel  in  all  the  rest.  In  only  one  direction  is  there  to  be  found  no 
change.  The  records  of  the  first  court  of  Sheboygan  show  that  the  jury  did  not  agree  in  any  case 
submitted  to  them,  and  the  records  of  the  last  term  held  in  1874  reports  the  jury  of  the  same  opinion 
still,  indicating  that  human  nature  prevails  pretty  generally  at  all  times  and  everywhere. 

This  city  is  about  53  miles  north  of  Milwaukee,  via  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  and  Western  Rail- 
way, and  45  miles  from  Fon  du  Lac,  by  the  Sheboygan  and  Fon  du  Lac  Railroad.  It  is  also  con- 
nected with  Chicago,  111. ,  by  daily  lines  of  steamers  via  the  lake.  It  is  a  healthy  city  and  has  at 
present  over  7,200  inhabitants.  The  best  Hotel  is  the  Beekman  House,  which  charges  $2  per  day, 
the  Pope  House  makes  the  same  charge. 

Aside  from  the  general  commerce  of  this  city,  which  is  important  and  constantly  on  the  increase, 
there  are  connected  with  the  Industries  of  the  place  two  large  steam  Chair  Factories,  five  steam 
Tanneries,  one  Baby  Carriage  Factory,  Porcelain  and  Stoneware  Works,  four  large  Brick  Yards, 
several  Saw  Mills,  Founderies,  Steel  Works,  and  other  concerns  of  like  nature. 

The  Institutions  are  also  thriving;  there  are  11  churches,  good  public  and  private  schools,  and 
two  kindergarten.     There  are  four  newspapers  published  in  Sheboygan,  one  of  which  is  German. 

Sundries.  The  farming  lands  of  Sheboygan  County  are  held  at  from  $12  to  $150  per  acre,  and 
are  devoted  to  the  production  of  wheat,  peas,  dairying,  &c.  The  shipment  of  cheese  from  32  fac- 
tories during  1875  was  1,998,221  pounds.  The  "Sheboygan  Artesian  Well"  is  1,475  feet  deep,  and 
discharges  240  gallons  of  water  per  minute,  at  a  temperature  of  58  deg.  Fahr.,  which  is  found  to  be 
of  great  medical  value.  Mr.  John  O.  Thayer,  Sheboygan,  Wis.,  will  kindly  respond  to  inquiries 
regarding  this  city  or  county,  and  such  information  as  he  shall  give  will  be  of  a  reliable  character. 


HOME      BUILDING.  369 


APPLETON, 

A  pleasantly  located  city  and  capital  of  Outagamie  County,  Wis.,  213  miles  from  Chicago,  by  the 
Green  Bay  and  Lake  Superior  line  of  the  Chicago  and  North- Western  Railroad.  It  is  on  the  west- 
erly side  of  Fox  River,  about  five  miles  from  the  northern  end  of  Lake  Winnebago,  and  30  miles 
from  Green  Bay.  It  is  situated  on  a  plateau  of  considerable  elevation  and  overlooks  the  Fox  River, 
which  runs  through  a  deep,  broad  channel  and  has  at  this  point  a  fall  of  over  40  feet  within  about 
one  mile  run,  which  affords  a  water-power  of  great  capacity  which  is  not  affected  by  drouth, 
freshets,  or  frosts.  The  drainage  of  this  city  is  good,  and  it  possesses  the  opportunity  of  further 
improving  it;  its  record  for  healtJifulness  is  very  fair,  and  there  is  no  good  reason  wh}'  it  should  not 
— with  proper  attention  to  sanitary  matters — be  maintained  and  improved.  The  first  tree  was  cut 
for  the  clearing  of  the  site  upon  which  this  city  stands  in  1848,  and  it  has  at  this  time  a  population 
of  over  7,000.  The  best  Hotel  in  the  place  is  the  Waverly  House,  which  charges  $3  per  day;  there 
are  also  the  Briggs,  Gevake.  and  Lawrence  Houses. 

Appleton  has,  beside  the  railroad  mentioned  above,  other  extended  railroad  facilities  and 
steamboat  communication  with  the  lakes,  which  foster  a  growing  commerce,  although  the  Industrial 
resources  of  the  place  are  chiefly  of  a  manufacturing  cliaractcr,  which  is  facilitated  in  an  unusual 
manner  by  the  great  water-power  afforded  by  the  shute  of  Fox  River.  Among  the  manufacturing 
concerns  are  two  immense  Poplar-wood  Paper  Pulp  Fiictorics,  Woolcu  and  Paper  Mills,  two  Foun- 
deries,  Charcoal  Iron  Furnaces,  a  Sewing  Machine  Factory,  four  Flouring  Mills,  three  extensive 
Furniture  Factories,  three  Hub  and  Spoke  Factories,  three  immense  Saw  Mills,  two  Planing  Mills, 
and  Sash  Factories,  two  lart^e  Wagon  and  one  Buggy  Factory,  a  couceru  manufacturing  Agricul- 
tural Machinery,  a  Pump  Factory,  a  Cheese  and  a  Pearl  Ash  Factory. 

The  Institutions  of  Appleton  are  those  connected  with  the  County  and  City  Governments 
and  Charities,  Methodist,  Congregationalist,  Episcopal,  Baptist,  Lutheran,  Evangelical  and  Roman 
Catholic  Churches;  six  public  schools,  and  other  schools  of  special  character,  and  the  Lawrence 
University.  There  are  also  other  institutions  in  the  place,  and  there  are  three  newspapers  publislied 
here,  including  one  in  the  German  language.  The  buildings  of  this  city  are  constructed  of  brick 
and  wood,  some  of  the  brick  buildings  having  cost  over  $15,000.  Both  of  the  above  materials  are 
abundant. 


KIRKWOOD. 


By  way  of  the  Pacific  Railway  of  Missouri,  this  pleasantly  located  suburban  town  is  13  miles 
from  St.  Louis,  in  St.  Louis  County,  Mo.  Soon  after  the  completion  of  this  railroad  to  Jefferson 
City,  this  place  became  a  favorite  resort  for  St.  Louis  merchants  and  business  men,  and  has  con- 
tinued in  favor  with  that  class  to  a  considerable  extent  to  the  present  time,  and  is  now  the  per- 
manent home  of  about  3,000  people,  and  the  Summer  home  of  several  hundred  more.  Tliere  are  a 
large  number  of  elegant  villas  and  cottages,  most  of  which  are  surrounded  with  capacious  grounds 
that  are  adorned  with  trees  and  shrubs,  lawns  and  walks,  and  present  a  very  attractive  appearance. 
Building  sites  are  worth  from  $800  to  $3,000  per  acre.     The  place  is  tolerably  healthy. 


370  HOME      BUILDING-. 


WASHINGTON. 


The  front  of  this  thriving  town  stands  close  down  to  the  broad,  muddy  waters  of  the  Missouri 
River,  and  extends  up  over  the  low  bluff,  the  foot  of  which  the  waters  here  hug  for  some  distance. 
It  is  55  miles  west  of  St.  Louis,  on  the  line  of  the  Pacific  Railway  of  Missouri,  near  the  center  of  the 
northern  boundary  of  Franklin  County,  Mo.  This  town  was  projected  about  1830,  and  has  at  this 
time  a  population  of  4,000.  It  is  as  healthy  a  place  as  can  be  found  on  the  Missouri  River  in 
Franklin  County.     The  best  Hotel  in  the  place  is  the  Elm  Street  House,  $2  50  per  day. 

This  town,  being  located  on  the  river,  and  havmg  a  good  landing  for  the  steamboats  which  ply 
its  muddy  waters,  early  became  the  principal  shipping  point  for  the  great  fertile  region  of  country 
arountl  it,  and  it  has  become  a  commercial  and  Industrial  center  of  importance.  There  are  many 
fine  brick  buildings,  both  dwellings  and  stores,  in  the  place,  and  several  large  mills  manufacturing 
Flour  and  many  other  useful  articles. 

There  are  eight  churches,  four  public  and  good  private  schools,  a  fine  high  school,  and  several 
other  Institutions  in  the  town,  and  one  newspaper  oflice  which  issues  a  weekly  paper— the 
"Franklin  County  Observer." 

Sundries.  The  lands  of  this  section  of  Missouri  are  very  fertile  and  productive  of  grain,  fruit, 
grapes,  &c.,  and  are  worth  an  average  of  $40  per  acre. 

Foss  &  Hagebush,  insurance  and  real  estate  agents,  Washington,  Mo.,  are  reliable  parties  who 
are  well  acquainted  in  the  county,  willing  and  able  to  give  good  advice  or  valuable  assistance  in 
locating  a  "Home"  at  this  point.  There  is  the  best  of  timber  and  brick  for  building  purposes 
manufactured  at  this  point,  and  the  cost  of  building  and  living  is  very  low  at  this  time.  The  climate 
is  mild. 


The  Missouri  River,  where  it  flows  along  the  northern  boundaries  of  Franklin,  Gasconade, 
Osage  and  Cole  Counties,  Mo.,  is  a  broad,  rapid  river;  its  deep,  gray,  turbid  waters  are  ever  rolling 
and  restless;  sometimes  rapidly  rising  until  thousands  of  acres  of  the  broad,  bottom  lands  which  lie 
on  either  side  are  inundated,  and  again  as  rapidly  receding  far  down  its  alluvial  banks,  to  continue 
its  former  restless,  rolling,  rolling  onward  by  cities,  towns,  and  hamlets,  for  thousands  of  miles, 
until  finally  it  rolls  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  becomes  a  part  of  the  restless  ocean.  The  Missouri 
Valley  or  bottom  lands  vary  in  width  continually;  the  bluff  or  hilly  approach  of  the  high  lands  now 
sweeping  around  against  the  river  edge,  and  then  receding  to  a  distance  of  from  a  half  to  five  miles 
or  more.  The  elevation  of  these  valley  lands  also  vary  from  a  level,  that  is  covered  to  a  depth  of 
from  one  to  ten  feet  by  those  muddy  waters  at  the  times  of  great  freshets,  to  a  hight  of  from  one  to 
twenty  feet  above  the  highest  freshets  known.  They  are  composed  of  a  deep,  black  soil  which 
produces,  in  the  most  extravagant  luxuriance,  a  vast  variety  of  vegetation,  from  the  delicate  fern  to 
the  gigantic  elm  and  sycamore.  Large  tracts  of  these  lands  are  cleared  of  their  enormous  growth  of 
timber  fenced  into  farms,  and  present  an  appearance  which  would  make  the  eyes  of  the  average 
farmer  from  the  hill  lauds  of  Connecticut  dilate  until  they  were  crimson  with  avaricious  delight. 
The  farmers  who  occupy  them,  however,  are  mostly  a  heavy,  robust-looking  people,  that  do  not 
appear  to  place  much  estimate  on  careful,  tidy  work,  either  upon  their  farms  or  around  their 
dwellings.  Their  dwellings  are  mostly  constructed  of  logs  in  the  primitive  "  old  Virginia"  fashion, 
and  their  farm  buildings  consist  of  a  group  of  sheds,  pens,  and  possibly  a  stable  after  the  same 
manner,  and  of  the  .same  materials. 

Among  the  most  prosperous  appearing  of  this  class  of  log  "  Home  Builders  "  aspire  to  a  double 
house  of  the  nature  shown  by  the  accompanying  cut,  which  was  sketched  from  nature  by  the 
author,  and  is  a  faithful  representation  of  the  "  Home"  of  a  planter  on  one  of  the  most  luxuriant 
farms  in  the  Missouri  Valley,  in  Franklin  Co.,  Mo.    From  fifty  to  a  hundred  years  ago,  the  superior 


HOME     BUILDING.  371 


of  such  cottages  was  the  exception,  and  in  many  parts  of  the 
Southern  and  South-Western  States  thi-v  still  abound.  There 
is,  no  doubt,  in  many  instances  and  loc.ilites  an  over  ruling 
necessity  for  the  adoption  of  this  m;'thod  of  "  Horn;' Build- 
ing," but  we  fail  to  conceive  of  the  necessity  upon  the  richest 
lands  in  America,  under  the  eaves  of  the  best  markets,  witliin 
a  hundred  yards  of  a  railroad,  and  within  a  mile  of  a  depot; 
and  we  have  been  gratified  to  observe  that  wherever  educated 
industry  makes  its  way,  these  relics  of  former  necessity  dis- 
appear. 


CALIFORNIA. 


This  splendidly  situated  town  is  the  capital  of  Manitou  County,  Mo.  It  stands  on  a  high, 
gently- rolling  prairie,  on  the  line  of  the  Pacific  Railroad  of  Missouri,  150  miles  west  of  St.  Louis, 
and  25  miles  west  of  Jefferson  City,  Mo.  This  town  was  projected  in  1845,  and,  after  the  comple- 
tion of  the  railway  to  the  place,  grew  to  be  a  commercial  inland  center  of  much  importance. 
During  the  Rebellion,  however,  it  suffered  greatly  at  the  time  of  Price's  raid,  the  Rebels  burning  and 
destroying  a  large  amount  of  property,  burning  the  depot  and  other  buildings,  and  devat^tating  the 
place  with  great  fury.  Rebel  vengeance,  however,  was  not  sufficient  to  utterly  wipe  out  the  spirit  of 
progress  wliich  this,  largely  German,  class  of  people  possess.  In  1868,  they  erected  a  sjilendid 
stone  Court-House  at  the  expense  of  $52,000,  and  many  otlier  new  brick,  stone,  and  wooden  build- 
ings, stores,  hotels  and  dwellings,  have  been  yearly  added  to  the  place  since  its  days  of  trouble,  and 
it  has  at  this  time  a  population  of  about  4,000  people.  California  is  high,  well-drained,  has  a  fine, 
mild  prairie  atmosphere,  and  is  a  very  healthy  place.  There  are  several  good  Hotels— among  them 
the  City  Hotel,  charging  $1  50  per  day,  and  the  Ohio  House,  charging  $1  25  per  day. 

The  country  around  this  point  is  of  the  finest  cha.acter  of  prairie  lands,  yielding  great  crops  of 
grain  and  other  products  which  find  an  exit  for  distant  markets  through  the  hands  of  the  merchant 
of  California,  and  which  is  the  fruitful  source  of  a  growing  commerce.  There  are  also  a  large 
number  of  Mechanical  Industries  springing  up  in  ihe  place  of  various  natures. 

There  are  churches,  schools,  a  weekly  newspaper,  a  bank  and  other  growing  Institutions  in  the 
place,  and  there  is  around  it  a  grand,  broad  country,  ownad  in  large  tracts,  inviting  occupation  that 
would  pay. 


SEDALIA. 


This  is  another  splendidly  located  prairie-town  of  recent  origin  and  rapid  growth.  It  is  the 
county  seat  of  Pettis  County,  Mo.,  and  is  188  miles  from  St.  Louis  in  a  nearly  due  west  line  on  the 
Pacific  Railway  of  Jlissouri,  at  the  point  at  which  branches  off  t.he  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas 
Railroad,  and  anotiier  railroad  which  crosses  the  Missouri  River  at  Lexington  and  strikes  it  again 
at  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  This  town  was  projected  in  1860,  is  the  terminus  of  the  Eastern  Division  of  the 
Pacific  Railway  of  Missouri,  was  during  the  Rebellion  made  a  military  post  from  which  operations 
were  projected  and  supplies  forwarded  West  and  South- West.  Sedalia  has  grown  in  a  manner 
characteristic  of  many  railroad  towns  throughout  the  States,  and  has  a  population  of  nearly  8,000. 
It  is  surrounded  by  a  grand,  beautiful  prairie  country  of  the  most  fertile  nature;  has  a  mild  climate, 
IS  well  drained,  lighted  with  gas,  many  of  the  streets  handsomely  improved— all  of  them  being  at 


372  HOME      BUILDING. 

right  angles — and  is  a  healthy,  prosperous-looking  little  city.  The  county  is  fast  settling  up  with 
a  vigorous  class  of  farmers  who  obtain  great  returns  for  industrious  attention  to  their  business. 
The  lands  are  worth  from  $35  to  $50  per  acre.  The  Hotels  of  Sedalia  are  of  a  better  class  than 
those  in  most  of  the  towns  of  its  size  in  Missouri;  the  Ives  House,  being  the  best,  charges  $3 
per  day,  and  the  Lindell  House  $2  per  day. 

The  Principal  Industries  of  this  town  are  of  a  commercial  nature,  and  in  connection  with  the 
extensive  Car  and  Repair  Shops  of  the  railroads. 

There  are  many  fine  buildings  in  the  place,  several  churches,  good  public  and  private  schools, 
banks,  the  county  and  other  Institutions,  and  five  newspaper  ofiices,  some  of  which  issue  daily  and 
all  of  which  issue  weekly  papers,  varying  in  political  and  religious  professions. 


KANSAS   CITT. 


This  is  the  second  city  in  size  and  commercial  importance  in  the  State  of  Missouri,  and  is  the 
seat  of  justice  of  Jackson  County.  It  is  located  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Missouri  River  at  the 
point  at  which  it  leaves  the  eastern  border  of  the  State  of  Kansas,  and  takes  an  easterly  direction 
toward  the  Mississippi,  and  just  below  the  mouth  of  the  Kaw  or  Kansas  River,  in  the  extreme 
north-west  corner  of  Jackson  County,  Mo.  It  is  at  the  western  terminus  of  the  Pacific  Railway 
of  Missouri,  282  miles  from  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  is  a  terminus  or  starting  point  for  six  or  eight  other 
railroad  lines,  making  it  a  railroad  center  of  great  importance. 

The  site  upon  which  the  city  stands  is  one  which  has  imposed  remarkable  hardships  upon  the 
people  who  have  attempted  to  build  a  large  and  well-appointed  city.  It  appears  to  have  been 
one  of  the  most  rugged,  unevenly  broken  bluffs,  of  about  250  feet  in  hight,  that  would  be  possible 
to  find  in  the  country.  Hundreds  of  acres  of  lofty  clay  and  rock  fields  have  been  cut  down 
and  tumbled  into  deep  ravines,  until  the  city  is  exhausted  with  labor  and  burdened  with  a  cum- 
bersome debt.  To  be  sure,  a  large  portion  of  the  city  is  well  finished  and  settled,  while  a  much 
larger  portion  is  yet  overshadowed  by  clay  banks  from  30  to  70  feet  in  hight,  with  the  street  cut 
through  them  in  many  cases,  and  in  others  only  partially  so. 

This  city  was  laid  out  in  1830,  and  its  geographical  position  is  one  possessing  many  advantages, 
although  it  did  not  become  a  place  of  great  importance  until  after  the  close  of  the  Rebellion,  and  the 
completion  of  its  vast  railroad  connections,  since  which  time  it  has  grown  with  remarkable  energy 
and  has  at  present  over  40,000  inhabitants.  Kansas  City,  as  has  been  remarked,  is  built  upon  very 
high  ground,  and,  when  all  its  plans  for  drainage  and  sewerage  are  complete,  they  will  be  of  a  very 
efficient  character.  As  yet  there  are  many  low  places  which  will  in  time  be  filled  with  the  super- 
abundant hills,  and  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  it  is  a  very  healthy  locality.  There  are  the  usual  pro- 
portionate number  of  Hotels  in  the  city,  among  them  the  St.  James,  which  charges  $3  per  day,  and 
the  City  Hotel,  $2  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Kansas  City  have  been  to  a  remarkable  degree  of  a  commercial  character. 
The  vast  fertile  country  which  lays  all  around  it  having  been  the  fruitful  source.  There  are  also 
many  manufacturing  interests  rapidly  developing. 

Among  her  Institutions  are  a  largo  number  of  churches,  the  best  of  ward  schools,  banks,  insur- 
ance offices,  nine  offices  of  newspapers  and  periodicals,  among  them  two  or  three  dailies,  beside 
other  institutions  of  growing  importance. 


HOME      BUILDING.  373 


MACON   CITY. 

This  is  a  fine  town  and  the  capital  of  Macon  County,  Mo.  It  is  situated  at  the  crossing  of  tlie 
Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  and  the  Northern  Division  of  the  Northern  Kuilroad  of  Missouri. 
This  town  is  another  one  of  the  fruits  of  railroad  enterprise;  it  was  projected  in  185G,  about  the  time; 
of  the  building  of  the  Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  and  has  about  5,000  inhabitants.  There; 
has  been  considerable  care  given  to  the  drainage  and  sanitary  wants  of  the  place,  and  it  enjoys  an 
average  reputation  for  health  fulness.  The  Hotels  of  the  town  are  the  North  Missouri  and  City 
Hotels,  $2  per  day,  and  the  Rolins  Street  House,  $1  25  per  day. 

Among  the  Industries  of  the  place  are  four  Tobacco  Factories,  two  "Wagon  Factories,  a  large 
Agricultural  Implement  Factory,  a  Flouring  Mill,  and  other  shops  of  various  natures. 

The  Institutions  of  the  place  are  principally  summed  up  in  twelve  churches,  two  excellent 
public  schools,  occupying  large  brick  buildings,  and  the  St.  James  Academy. 

Sundry  Items.  Accommodations  to  rent  in  Macon  City  are  fair,  and  rents  ranging  low — from 
$3  to  $15  per  month  for  dwelling  houses.  Lots  are  held  in  the  northern  part  of  the  town — which  are 
Avell  drained — at  from  $30  to  $200  a  city  lot.  The  farms  of  the  county  are  of  a  good  quality  for 
general  farming  purposes — except  for  wheat — and  are  valued  at  from  $10  to  $25  per  acre,  for 
improved  lands.  The  country  is  heavily  timbered  with  walnut,  oak,  hickory,  basswood,  cotton- 
wood,  and  other  woods.  Living  is  cheap,  costing  families  from  $200  to  $500  per  year.  There  are 
five  newspapers  published  in  the  city,  including  one  in  the  German  language.  Mr.  D.  II.  Payson, 
general  insurance  agent,  Macon  City,  Mo.,  can  be  addressed  with  reference  to  any  matters  of 
special  character  connected  with  this  city. 


ST.  JOSEPH. 

Since  the  completion  of  the  Union  and  Central  Pacific  Railroad  through  to  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
this  city  has  experienced  a  change  in  its  future  prospects.  Previous  to  that  time  it  was,  perhaps, 
the  chief  starting  point  for  long  and  laborious  journeys  "  across  the  plains,"  and  the  point  at  which 
the  emigrant  obtained  most  of  his  supplies  for  that  journey.  Since  the  completion  of  those  roads 
— and  in  fact,  for  some  time  previous  to  it — Council  Bluffs  and  Omaha  have  sapped  a  large  propor- 
tion of  that  lucrative  trade  from  this  city,  although  it  still  enjoys  a  considerable  share.  St.  Joseph 
stands  on  a  portion  of  the  Missouri  Valley  and  extends  up  over  the  high  clay  bluffs,  on  the  eastern 
bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  nearly  500  miles  above  St.  Louis — by  the  river — and  is  the  capital  of 
Buchanan  County,  Missouri.  It  is  the  western  terminus  of  the  Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph  Railroad, 
and  is  198  miles  from  Hannibal.  It  is  also  one  of  the  chief  cities  on  the  line  of  the  Missouri  "Valley, 
and  of  the  Council  Bluff  and  St.  Joseph  Railroads.  This  city  was  projected  in  1843;  is  a  tlourishing 
commercial  point,  third  in  size  and  impurtance  in  the  State,  and  containing  at  this  time  over  20,000 
inhabitants.  The  people  of  this  place  have  experienced  something  of  the  same  difficulties  in  build- 
ing their  city,  upon  the  rugged  clay  bluffs,  that  has  been  felt  by  the  people  of  Kansas  City.  The 
place  is  tolerably  healhy,  and  judging  from  the  large  number  of  Hotels,  must  receive  a  lieavy 
patronage  from  transient  citizens  and  travelers.  There  are  two  or  tiirce  hotels  charging  $3  per  day, 
the  Saunders  and  Pacific  Houses,  and  eight  or  ten  charging  $2  per  day,  among  them  the  Central 
and  Merchants'  Hotels. 

The  Industries  of  St.  Joseph  are  largely  commercial.  There  are,  however,  a  number  of  heavy 
manufacturing  industries,  among  them  a  large  Carriage  and  "Wagon  Factory,  a  "Woolen  Factory, 
Saw  and  Planing  Mills,  and  other  concerns. 

There  are  among  the  Institutions  25  or  30  churches,  fine  public  and  private  schools,  the  county 


374  HOME      BUILDING. 

and  city  institutions,  an  extensive  asylum,  located  on  the  highest  part  of  the  bluff,  perhaps  300  feet 
above  the  river,  and  there  are  several  newspaper  offices  and  other  important  institutions.  A  large 
number  of  the  buildings  are  of  brick,  and  there  is  visible  everywhere  the  spirit  of  enterprising 
industry. 

The  surrounding  country  is  of  the  most  fertile  character,  and  is  rapidly  settling  up.     Lands  are 
worth  from  $15  to  $35  per  acre,  and  are  excellent  for  general  farming  purposes. 


LAWRENCE. 


This  splendid  capital  of  Douglas  County,  Kansas,  is  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  Kansas,  or 
Kaw  River,  which  runs  through  the  city.  It  is  about  40  miles  from  Kansas  City,  and  320  miles  from 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  by  railroad.  It  was  first  projected  in  1854,  by  a  colony  of  New  England  people;  has 
experienced  many  exciting  scenes  in  connection  with  "border  ruffians"  and  rebels,  having  been 
twice  burned  during  the  Rebellion,  during  one  of  which  times  about  150  persons  were  massacred. 
Notwithstanding  these  difliculties  it  has  rapidly  improved  and  is  considered  one  of  the  most  hand- 
some cities  in  the  State,  and  has  a  present  population  of  about  13,000.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  most 
fertile  country  which  is  quite  thickly  settled,  and  affords  the  place  a  large  amount  of  commercial 
advantage.  It  is  finely  drained  and  is  a  very  healthy  city,  having  several  good  Hotels,  among 
which  are  the  Eldridge  House,  $3  per  day;  the  National  and  Lawrence  Houses,  $2  per  day,  and  the 
Place  House,  $1  50  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Lawrence  are  largely  connected  with  the  farming  interests  of  the  country. 
There  are  several  large  Flouring  Mills,  Machine  Shops,  and  other  manufacturing  concerns.  Brick 
and  Lime  are  manufactured  on  the  town  site  and  are  very  low. 

The  Institutions  are  growing  and  are  conducted  on  the  best  known  methods.  There  are  about 
15  churches,  seven  fine  ward  schools,  high  schools,  and  the  State  University,  a  splendid  institution, 
is  located  on  a  hill  to  the  north  of  the  city.  There  are  several  newspapers  and  other  growing  insti- 
tutions, and  there  is  a  large  number  of  fine  brick  buildings  in  the  place.  It  is  well  lighted  with 
gas,  and  has  many  fine  streets. 


EMPORIA. 


This  elegant  town  is  at  the  junction  of  tlie  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe,  and  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  and  Texas  Railroads,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Neosho  River,  and  is  the  county  scat  of 
Lyons  County,  Kansas.  It  is  surrounded  by  the  finest  country  in  Southern  Kansas,  is  about  411 
miles  from  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  61  miles  from  Topeka,  Kansas.  It  was  laid  out  in  1857,  and  has  at 
present  something  over  2,500  inhabitants.  It  is  found  to  be  a  very  healthy  place,  and  has  a  very 
prosperous  growing  commercial  interest  and  many  Mechanical  Industries,  among  them  mills  and 
factories  which  are  using  the  water-power  of  the  Neosho  River. 

The  Instiutlons  of  the  place  are  important,  among  them  churches  of  all  the  leading  denomina 
tions,  the  best  of  public  and  private  schools,  and  the  State  Normal  School.  Beside,  tliere  are 
county  institutions,  banks,  and  three  newspapers  are  publishetl  in  the  place. 

Sundry  Matters.  The  Merchants'  and  Windsor  Hotels  arc  the  leading  public  houses  in  the 
place.  Dwellings  can  be  rented  for  from  $3  to  $6  per  month;  brick  business-rooms,  25x80  feet,  rent 
for  $40  per  month.  Lots  for  residences  can  be  bought  in  fine  localities,  with  splendid  drainage — 
from  north  to  south — for  from  $25  to  $150  per  lot,  and  fine  business  lots  are  worth  $500  to  $1,500 
per  lot.     Farms  near  the  town  can  be  had  for  from  $5  to  $15  per  acre,  which  possess  the  most 


Home    BtJiLDtNG.  376 

fertile  soil,  and  will  produce  all  crops  grown  in  the  Middle  and  Northern  States.  There  is  a  clay 
from  which  good  bricks  are  made,  plenty  of  stone,  sand,  lime  and  lumber  near  at  hand,  which 
reduces  the  cost  of  building,  and  the  climate  is  very  fine  and  mild. 

Messrs.  E.  H.  Norton  &  Co.,  real  estate  and  general  business  agents,  174  Commercial  Street, 
Emporia,  Kansas,  are  prepared  to  furnish  all  needed  information  with  reference  to  any  par- 
ticular matters  in  connection  with  "Home  Building"  in  this  place,  and  their  advice  can  be  relied 
upon. 


COUNCIL   BLUFFS. 

This  well-known  city  is  the  capital  of  Pottawattomie  County,  Iowa,  and  is  situated  on  the 
higher  bottom  lands  of  the  Missouri  Valley,  on  the  banks  of  the  Missouri  River,  opposite  the  city  of 
Omaha,  Neb.,  and  is  488  miles  west  of  Chicago,  111.,  via  the  Chicago  and  North-Western  Railway. 
Beside  the  route  named,  there  is  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington and  Quincy  Railroad,  the  Kansas  City  and  St.  Joseph  and  C.  B.  Railroad,  terminating  their 
great  lines  of  freight  and  travel  near  the  eastern  end  of  the  magnificent  railroad  bridge  across  the 
Missouri  River,  owned  by  the  Transfer  Company,  which  connects  them  all  with  the  Pacific  Railway 
in  the  Omaha  depot. 

In  1847,  this  place  was  settled  by  the  Mormons,  who  came  here  from  Nauvoo,  and  established 
themselves  by  building  a  large  number  of  log  cabins  in  a  few  weeks,  and  they  gave  the  place  the 
name  of  Kanesville.  The  Mormons  remained  here  until  about  1852,  when  they  took  up  their  march 
for  Salt  Lake.  In  the  meantime,  however,  the  California  gold  fever,  which  raged  at  its  hight  in 
1849,  had  brought  to  this  point  thousands  of  emigrant  teams,  which  received  here  their  principal 
outfit  for  the  great  journey  across  the  Plains,  and  which  had  built  up  a  large  town  and  a  heavy 
trade.  In  1853,  after  the  disappearance  of  the  Mormons,  the  name  of  the  place  was  changed  to 
Council  Bluffs — that  being  the  name  by  which  the  locality  was  known  since  the  time  of  a  council 
held  here  in  1804,  by  Clark  and  Lewis,  during  the  first  Government  Expedition  to  the  source  of 
th^Missouri.  The  great  clay  bluffs,  over  which  this  city  is  now  struggling  to  spread  itself,  are  very 
high,  and  broken  into  the  most  fantastic  forms.  The  place  has  been  quite  healthy  since  proper 
attention  has  been  given  to  that  subject,  and  has  grown  to  be  a  handsome  city,  with  a  large  number 
of  fine  brick  buildings,  and  a  population  of  over  10,000.  The  finest  Hotel  in  the  place,  at  present,  is 
the  Ogden  House,  $3  per  day;  the  Everett  House  charging  $2  per  day. 

The  Principal  Industries,  outside  of  the  great  coniincrciul  tr:ide  of  the  place,  are  the  manufac- 
ture of  Agricultural  Implements,  Brooms,  and  other  wares,  and  a  heavy  Iron  Works. 

Among  the  Institutions  found  in  this  busy  place  are  about  15  churches,  excellent  ward  and 
high  schools,  banks,  the  State  Institute  for  tlie  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  several  newspaper  offices. 

Real  Estate.  Farms,  improved,  are  worth  in  the  county  |20  to  $40  per  acre;  unimproved,  $10 
per  acre.  Mr.  J.  D.  Edmuiidson,  real  estate  agent,  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa.,  is  prepared  to  furnish 
any  reliable  information  desired,  or  to  attend  to  any  business  in  relation  to  "  Home  Bnilding  "  in 
this  city  or  county,  lending  money  or  paying  taxes. 


OMAHA. 

On  the  western  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  opposite  the  city  of  Council  Bluffa,  covering  a  well 
elevated  plateau  and  extending  over  the  high  rolling  lands  adjoining,  stands  the  city  of  Omaha. 


376  HOME     BtJILDING. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  pleasantly-located  and  attractive  cities  in  the  great  central  west.  Early  one 
bright  morning  in  the  middle  of  November,  1875,  the  writer  first  stood  upon  the  high  ridge  in  front 
of  the  central  public  high  school  edifice,  and  explored  by  vision,  the  wonderful  beauty  of  the  grand 
old  Missouri  River  and  Valley  on  the  north  and  south,  and  the  distant,  towering  fantastic  bluffs  on 
the  eastern  side  of  the  river,  where  nestles  the  more  historic  city  of  Council  Bluffs,  and  while  thus 
engaged,  his  lungs  filled  and  expanded  with  a  most  invigorating  and  refreshing  atmosphere,  there 
calmly  settled  down  upon  his  mind  the  firm  conviction  that  the  people  of  Omaha  are  blessed  in 
their  situation.  Then,  when  he  gave  his  attention  to  the  careful  inspection  of  the  city  itself,  he  be- 
came strongly  impressed  with  the  idea  that  the  people  of  Omaha  are  aware  of  and  appreciate  their 
blessing. 

The  four  great  lines  of  railroads,  which  converge  at  the  eastern  end  of  the  transfer  bridge,  pour 
their  floods  of  freight  and  living  beings  over  that  magnificent  iron  connector  upon  the  lap  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  the  other  western-bound  routes,  and  into  the  warehouses  of  Omaha. 

The  Missouri  River,  between  those  two  important  places,  runs  from  a  few  points  west  toward  a 
few  points  east  of  a  direct  north  and  south  course.  It  is  here,  and  for  many  miles  above,  navigable 
for  the  best  class  of  medium-draft  steamboats,  which,  until  within  the  last  few  years,  were  the  only 
means  of  communication  with  this  then  extreme  western  frontier,  except  by  wagons.  During  the 
period  in  which  Council  Bluffs  was  eminently  the  objective  point,  at  which  trains  of  emigrants  from 
all  places  to  the  eastward  concentrated  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  outfitr,  before  launching  upon 
that,  to  many,  fatal  overland  voyage,  across  the  vast  woodless  plains,  towering  rock-strewn  moun- 
tains, wild  and  barren  alkali  deserts,  which  lay  between  them  and  the  coveted  Pacific  Slope.  Omaha 
gradually  increased  from  a  few  huts,  until  in  1860  it  had  become  a  formidable  rival  in  the  business 
in  which  its  sister  town  on  the  eastern  bank  was  engaged,  and  could  boast  of  a  busy  population  of 
about  1,900  souls.  Rapidly  sixteen  more  years  have  swept  into  the  eternity  of  the  past,  and  during 
their  flight,  the  four  busy  routes  of  rail,  before  named,  have  completed  their  connections,  by  means 
of  the  bridge,  with  the  O.  &  N.  Western,  O.  &  S.  Western  and  the  Union  Pacific  Railroads,  and 
Omaha  has  grown  from  a  thriving  village  to  a  splendid  enterprisng  city  of  23,000  people. 

Healthfulness.  In  order  to  form  a  good  opinion  of  this  matter,  without  a  more  careful  inquiry 
and  investigation  of  the  statistics  in  relation  to  it,  the  observer  need  only  visit  the  different  public 
schools;  watch  the  children  come  and  go;  look  iuto  thtir  ruddy,  happy  little  faces;  at  their  well- 
filled  forms,  robust  limbs,  and  vigorous,  sprightly  movements.  The  high  airy  position  of  the  city, 
its  sunny  exposure,  good  drainage  and  pure  invigorating  atmosphere,  cannot  fail  to  produce  in  -all, 
who  give  any  proper  attention  to  the  laws  of  their  being,  the  most  satisfactory  results  as  to  health. 

Hotels.  Tlie  great  amount  of  travel  through  this  city  has  been  tlie  cause  of  the  erection  of  a 
number  of  buildings  for  hotel  purposes.  The  Grand  Central  and  Wyoming  Hotels  are  first-class 
houses.  The  former  is  a  splendid  five-story  French  roof  building,  and  its  grand  central  staircase  is 
a  novel  and  magnificent  arrangement;  charges,  $4  per  day;  Wyoming  Hotel,  $3  per  day;  City  Hotel, 
$3  per  day. 

Principal  Industries.  There  are  no  manufacturing  interests  in  Omaha  of  anj-  great  moment. 
The  rather  high  prices  of  coal,  as  yet,  and  the  absence  of  any  water-power  Miiich  could  be  economi- 
cally utilized  in  driving  machinery,  are  the  two  potent  preventatives.  There  are,  however.  Planing 
and  Molding  Mills,  Sash,  Door  and  Blind  Factories.  The  Foundcries  and  Machine  Shops,  in  con- 
nection  with  the  railroad  interests,  are  in  proportion  to  the  requirements,  and  give,  with  the  mills 
and  factories  above  named,  and  a  variety  of  small  local  enterprises,  employment  to  a  large  number 
of  industrious,  skilled  mechanics. 

The  rapidity  with  which  the  city  has  grown  the  past  twelve  years,  and  the  nature  of  the  buildings 
erected,  has  also  been  a  fruitful  source  of  living  to  thousands  of  merchants,  mechanics  and  laborers 
engaged  in  the  various  lines  in  connection  therewith.  The  greatest  source  of  revenue  to  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Omaha,  however,  is  of  a  more  purely  mercantile  nature. 

Many  hundreds  of  emigrants  yearly'  obtain  at  this  point  supplies  required  for  a  westward  journe}', 
while  the  farms  and  towns  of  Douglas  and  the  adjoining  counties  are  constantly  making  increased 
demands  upon  the  stores  of  this  city. 


HOME     BUILDING.  377. 

The  great  military  road  to  Fort  Kearney  starts  from  this  point,  and  the  Omaha  barracks,  where 
there  is  generally  a  regiment  of  soldiers  quartered,  are  about  four-and-a-half  miles  from  the  city. 

Institutious,  &c.  One  of  the  most  satisfactory  and  commendatory  developments  in  connection 
with  the  rapid  growth  of  this  city  is  the  fact  that  its  churches,  schools,  and  other  institutions,  have 
kept  pace  with  the  advance  of  its  secular  enterprises.  There  are  about  17  churches  of  different 
denominations,  the  best  of  ward  and  high  schools,  occupying  splendid  brick  buildings,  equipped 
and  officered  in  the  best  manner.  Beside  there  are  the  county  institutions,  banks,  insurance  offices 
and  other  organizations  of  beueticial  and  benevolent  characters,  and  there  are  eleven  newspapers 
published  in  the  place,  including  dailies  and  weeklies. 

Real  Estate.  Lots  for  business  purposes,  in  the  central  part  of  the  city,  are  worth  $300  per  front 
foot,  and  are  generally  132  feet  deep.  Lots  for  residences,  near  Douglas  and  Eighteenth  Streets,  68 
by  132  feet,  areworth  $3,000.  Same  lots  at  Twenty-fourth  Street  are  worth  $  ?00  to  $1,800.  Farms 
in  Douglas  County,  10  miles  from  Omaha,  improved,  are  worth  $20  to  $25  per  acre;  imimproved 
are  worth  $10  and  $13  per  acre. 


FREMONT. 

This  flourishing  frontier  town  is  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  Platte  River — in  the  Grand 
Valley  of  the  Platte — on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  47  miles  from  Omaha,  by  the  winding  course  of 
the  railroad,  although  actually  but  about  35  miles  west.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  the  Sioux  City  and 
Pacific  Railway,  and  of  the  Fremont  and  Elkhorn  Valley  Railway.  It  is  in  Dodge  County,  Neb., 
and  has  made  its  principal  growth  since  the  building  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway.  Before  reaching 
this  point  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  Elkhorn  is  the  first  place  of  any  considerable  size  after 
leaving  Omaha,  and  is  situated  on  the  Elkhorn  River,  about  five  miles  from  the  Platte  River,  in  a 
most  magnificent  farming  country.  Fremont  is  a  town  of  about  2,500  inhabitants,  is  very  healhy, 
and  has  several  fair  Hotels,  Among  them  the  Pacific  and  Fremont  Houses,  charge  $2  per  day,  and 
the  Farmer's  Hotel,  $1  75  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  this  locality  are  exclusively  those  connected  with  the  farming,  mercantile  and 
building  enterprises  of  the  country  around  it.  It  may  be  said  to  be  fully  within  the  bosom  of  the 
Platte  Valley,  and  near  the  point  at  which  the  long  waving  grass  of  the  Prairies  gradually  shortens 
off  to  that  of  the  Plains,  which  is  from  8  to  15  inches  in  length,  is  very  sweet  and  nutritious,  and 
has  the  characteristic  of  being  better  for  the  cattle  in  the  Fall  and  Winter  seasons  than  it  is  in  the 
Spring  and  Summer. 

Thousands  of  head  of  beef  cattle  are  herded  in  this  vast  valley  plain  through  the  Fall  and 
Winter  seasons,  without  shelter,  or  any  other  food  than  the  dead  grass  upon  which  they  thrive  and 
fatten.  Fremont  is  also  approaching  the  western  border  of  the  great  grain-growing  country  of  the 
Mid-West,  as  from  50  to  80  miles  further  west  approaches  a  region  where  there  is  so  little  rain  fall  as 
to  require  irrigation  to  mature  the  Summer's  growth  of  grain  or  vegetables.  The  Platte  River, 
however,  which  is  a  broad  and  rapid  stream,  having  an  average  descent  of  seven  feet  to  the  mile, 
and  running  through  the  heart  of  this  grand  valley  for  about  250  miles,  will  some  day  be  utilized  in 
one  or  the  most  gigantic  and  profitable  systems  of  irrigation  the  world  has  ever  witnessed. 

There  are  several  churches,  good  schools,  and  other  prosperous  Institutions  in  Fremont,  also  a 
newspaper  which  issues  a  sprightly  little  sheet  weekly.  Farming  lands  near  this  center  are  worth 
from  $15  to  $20  per  acre,  improved;  and  from  $1  50  to  $10  per  acre,  unimproved-  all  of  which 
are  exceedingly  rich  and  fertile. 


378  HOME      BUILDIXG, 


JUI^ESBURG,  NEB. 

This  point  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  is  377  miles  west  of  Omaha,  and  is  about  300  miles 
further  West  than  the  traditional  "young  man  "  had  better  stray — unless  he  goes  about  1,500  miles 
further — if  his  desire  is  to  enjoy  the  peaceful  life  of  a  general  farmer.  This  place  had  its  origin 
with  the  building  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  during  one  period  of  which  it  claimed  a  population 
of  4,000,  and  it  was  claimed  to  have  been  the  most  desperately  wicked  place  in  America.  In  con- 
firmation of  which  there  is  said  to  be  upon  the  side  of  one  of  the  low  ridges  near  by  a  graveyard 
in  which  over  700  human  bodies  are  buried,  and  all  of  which — save  four — suffered  death  by  violence. 
After  the  completion  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  to  Cheyenne,  and  several  raids  of  the  "  Vigil- 
ance Committee,"  the  population  of  this  point  floated  further  West,  and  now  there  is  scarcely  a  sign 
of  their  ever  having  existed  such  a  den  of  wickedness  at  this  place,  as  there  are  but  a  few  shanties 
and  sod-houses,  and  three  or  four  railroad  buildings  to  be  seen,  with  a  population  of  about  100. 
These  sod-houses  are  a  feature  of  "  Home  Building"  which  makes  its  appearance  one  hundred  miles 
or  more  east  of  this  point,  and  is  found  throughout  the  entire  high,  dry  country  of  the  West  and 
North-Western  part  of  Nebraska,  and  also  throughout  Wyoming,  Colorado,  Utah,  and  Nevada.  It 
is  sometimes  the  result  of  necessity,  but  most  frequently,  we  think,  especially  where  allowed  long  to 
exist,  the  result  of  barbaric  laziness.  It  is  accomplished  by  piling  up  sods  cut  about  12x20x6  inches 
in  size,  and  used  like  bricks  without  mortar. 

^      ^^^=j-^  sr----^_^^  Our  cut  is  a  faithful  representation  of  such  buildings,  it 

'"""""^  "=  -  -=  =:s^^fc  ~"-       having  been  sketched  from  nature  by  the  author,  about  20 

.  :r=r5ssj«^'""!.r  ^^^^^^^-"-.^ miles  east  of  this  point.     These  houses  are  generally  about 

^,  •-'---  ■  •    -  -,^^— B^K^r^^    '  vf?--  '".r     ^^x  or  eight  feet  by  ten  or  twelve  in  dimensions,  and  are 
!.".  .".'"^^^^^^^^^^^^^-^^^  "  -        from  four  so  six  feet  in  higlit,  covered  also  with  sods  by 

—  ^^^B^^S^^^^q^S  ^^  I"-'      the  aid  of  a  few  poles.     The  door  is  low  and  narrow,  re- 

^_^j"      |^^^Sj^^'n|"[|P-^-^^--*^      __     quiring  a  severe  stoop  to  enter,  and  there  is  generally  a 
-^^ffiig^^^"^' J;;^^"I~1_^^^_: V  ,  'Z     piece  of  rusty  stove-pipe  sticking  up  through  the  roof.     In 

•^^^=z=ZZZe:A^j~^^^^^^Z^^^^^^^^z      this  instance  the  hut  appeared  to  belong  to  a  herdsman, 

^^^gE^;^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^-^^^  whose  ample  droves  of  cattle  were  seen  grazing  on  the 

""^^"'"^^  beautiful  low  ridges  in  the  distance. 

This  point  is  beyond  the  farming  country  of  Nebraska,  but  is  found  to  be  very  desirable  for 

sheep  and  cattle  grazing.     The  climate  is  dry  and  mild,  and  has  an  elevation  of  about  3,500  feet 

above  the  sea-level.     The  grass  is  short,  well-set,  and  exceedingly  nutritious  throughout  the  Winter, 

during  which  there  is  scarcely  a  snow  fall,  and,  when  it  does  occur,  it  very  soon  disappears. 

Cheyenne,  Wyoming.  This  place  is  51G  miles  from  Omaha,  Neb.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Denver 
Pacific  Railroad.  It  stands  in  the  midst  of  a  grand,  high  plain  of  superior  value  for  grazing  pur- 
poses, the  eastern  and  southera  portions  of  which  were  at  one  time  the  favorite  hunting  grounds  of 
the  Cheyenne  Indians.  It  is  of  eminently  railroad  origin,  has  entirely  grown  up  since  1867,  and  has 
at  this  time  a  population  of  about  4,000.  The  Black  Hills  are  visible  on  the  north  and  Pike's  Peak 
on  the  south,  although  distant  about  275  miles.  This  city  has  many  fine  brick  buildings  and  shows 
signs  of  substantial  thrift.  It  is  essentially  a  mountain  city,  having  an  elevation  of  over  6,000  feet 
above  the  sea-level,  with  a  fine,  clear,  crisp  atmosphere,  and  nmst  prove,  with  moderate  care  to  sani- 
tary laws,  an  exceedingly  healthy  place.  There  is  abundance  of  pine-timber  in  the  Black  Hills,  and 
a  clay  is  obtained  in  the  locality  from  which  bricks  are  made;  coal  is  brought  fr.  ra  the  western 
portion  of  Wyoming,  and  from  along  the  line  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  There  are  several 
Hotels  in  the  place,  ranging  from  |1  to  .f  4  per  day  in  their  charges,  viz. :  the  Railroad  House,  |4; 
the  Dyer  House,  $3;  American  House,  $2,  and  the  Eagle  House,  $1  per  day. 

In  Wyoming,  women  have  the  privilege  of  voting  and  holding  office,  and  we  are  assured  by  a 
gentleman  resident  of  the  place,  that  they  have  no  better  judges  on  the  judicial  bench  than  some  of 
the  women  who  hold  that  important  office. 


J 


HOME     BUILDING.  3^^ 


DENVER,   COL. 

Five  thousand  feet  above  the  sea-level  on  a  sloping  plain  which  inclines  to  the  south-west,  with 
a  number  of  easily  dropping  steps,  until  it  finally  terminates  by  a  broader  plateau,  which  borders  the 
Platte  River  on  the  west,  is  located  this  splendid  mountain  city  and  metropolis  of  Colorado.  It  is 
639  miles  from  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  via  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railway,  and  106  miles  south  of  Cheyenne, 
Wy.,  via  the  Denver  Pacific  Railway. 

This  city  is  beautifully  laid  out  with  its  streets  at  right  angles,  and  is  irrigated  by  mountain 
streams  of  water  being  brought  down  its  streets,  on  the  same  plan  as  that  of  Salt  Lake  City.  Cherry 
Creek  runs  through  the  city  also.  There  are  a  large  number  of  elegant  brick  and  frame  dwellings, 
extensive  warehouses,  banks  and  other  business  buildings,  mostly  brick  and  iron ;  fine  church  and 
school  buildings,  and,  in  fact,  so  complete  and  elegant  is  the  appearance  of  the  place  that  it  has  been 
said  to  strongly  resemble  some  of  the  oldest  and  finest  cities  on  the  Atlantic  slope. 

It  is  about  14  miles  from  the  eastern  foot  of  the  towering  peaks  and  great  chain  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  which  it  faces,  and  is  one  of  the  most  beautifully  located,  and  healthiest  cities  in  the 
United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

Denver  was  first  settled  in  1858,  and  has  in  about  18  years  possessed  itself  of  all  the  comforts, 
institutions,  amusements,  and  is  filled  with  the  industries  of  a  great  city,  and  has  at  this  time  a 
population  of  about  20,000.  There  are  several  first-class  Hotels  in  the  city  wliich  are  chisscd  as 
follows,  viz:  the  Grand  Central  Hotel,  charging  $4  per  day,  the  American  House,  charging  $3  per 
day,  and  the  Planters'  Hotel,  charging  $2  per  day,  aitd  several  others  of  like  classes. 

The  Industi'ies  and  commercial  enterprises  of  Denver  are  intimately  allied  to  the  great  mining 
interests  of  the  territory,  and  the  vast  agricultural  interests  which  are  rapidly  developing. 

The  Institutions  include  about  15  churches,  ward  and  high  schools  of  the  best  character,  the 
Colorado  Seminary,  and  other  good  schools,  two  or  three  newspaper  offices,  and  many  others  of 
much  importance.  Denver  is  the  principal  railroad  and  staging  center  in  Colorado,  and  will,  no 
doubt,  continue  to  maintain  its  position  as  the  great  metropolis  of  that  vast  mountain  and  plain 
region  of  country. 


ROCK  SPRINGS,  WYOMING. 

The  name  we  have  here  would  seem  to  invite  the  idea  of  sparkling  waters,  gushing  from 
beneath  overhanging  ivy-embowered  rocks;  green  valleys,  watered  by  the  dancing  spring  brook  and 
bordered  by  shadowy  groves.  Such  is  not  the  case,  however.  Rock  Springs  is  a  coal  mining 
station  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  831  miles  from  Omaha,  in  the  heart  of  the  great  mountainous 
plateau  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  6,280  feet  above  sea  level.  It  is  also  in  the  heart  of  the  great  coal 
deposits  of  western  Wyoming,  where  only  can  be  seen  in  all  directions,  vast  mountains,  rolling  cliff- 
broken  hills,  fantastic  rocks,  and  projecting  buttes,  with  occasional  scrub  pines  and  a  wilderness  of 
sage  brush.  The  writer  was  strongly  impressed  with  the  idea  that  Rock  Springs  has  no  agricultural 
future,  but,  the  great  garners  of  coal,  of  a  semi-biturainous  character,  which  has  been  found  in  some 
cases  instratas  of  80  feet  in  thickness,  is  as  far  as  yet  known,  the  only  product  which  maybe  sought 
with  reasonable  expectation  of  reward  in  this  region.  The  Bitter  Creek  Valley,  or  semi-canyon, 
affords  an  opportunity  for  entering  these  vast  coal  deposits  in  the  sides  of  the  bluff,  and  also  a 
limited  level  tract  upon  which  to  store  or  coke  it,  as  may  be  desired. 

These  mining  villages  present  another  phase  of  temporary  "  Home  Building,"  at  once  peculiar 
and  characteristic,  although  somewhat  akin  to  the  sod  dwellings  of  the  prairies  and,  plains  previously 
illustrated,  and,  if  possible,  reminding  one  more  strongly  of  the  dens  and  caves  of  animals. 


380 


HOMB     BUILDING. 


Our  accompanying  illustration  was  sketched  from  nature,  after  one  of  perhaps  a  hundred  or  more 
^_  dwellings,  of  about  the  same  architectural  preten- 

"^^y^^^^^ijr^^^%^^  sions,  in  the  village  of  Rock  Springs. 

^'^^^Js^^^^^^  ^  """^-^  These  dwellings  are  formed   and  constructed 

J^**°  by  excavating  a  rectangular  space  in  the  stiff  clay 

bank  of  the  creek,  about  six  feet  deep  by  eight  feet 
wide  and  ten  feet  long,  enclosing  the  front  and  rear 
gables  with  rough  boards,  inserting  a  rude  door  and 
window,  propping  up  some  poles  and  boards,  on  a 
pitch,  and  covering  them  with  clay  well  "slapped 
down."  They  are  strung  along  the  banks  a  few 
feet  apart,  and  immediately  below  and  in  front  of 
them  run  the  waters  of  the  creek.  Beside  the  class 
of  huts  illustrated,  the  residents  of  this  mining  arid 
district  also  construct  abodes  on  the  surface  of  the 
earth  of  about  the  same  size,  using  rough  boards, 
brick  and  logs  for  the  walls,  which  are  generally 
COAL  miner's  htjt.  covered  in  the  manner  of  the  "dug-out."    The  sta 

tion  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  is  but  a  short  distance  from  the  miners'  town,  and,  although  it 
contains  but  about  half  a  dozen  inferior  looking  buildings,  it  is  the  source  of  supply  and  the  ship- 
ping point  for  a  large  coal  interest.  There  are  a  number  of  coal  mining  villages  of  a  similar  nature 
to  this  one  in  the  district,  and  all  the  mines  are  of  a  very  superior  nature  and  magnitude;  one  of 
the  lodes,  being  heavily  worked,  is  60  feet  thick,  and  its  dimensions  unknown. 


OGDEN,  UTAH. 

This  town  is  the  point  of  junction  between  the  Union  Pacific  and  Central  Pacific  Railroads,  and 
is  also  the  point  at  which  the  Utah  Central  Railroad  comes  in  from  Salt  Lake  City.  It  is  1,032  miles 
westerly  from  Omaha,  Neb.,  and  882  miles  easterly  from  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and  is  situated  at  the 
mouth  of  Ogden  Canyon,  and  between  the  Ogden  and  Weber  Rivers,  on  the  border  of  the  Great  Salt 
Lake  Yalle}'.  At  this  point  all  the  passengers  of  either  road  which  are  destined  for  points  beyond 
change  cars.  The  Union  Depot  Hotel,  whicli  also  contains  the  passenger  waiting-rooms,  is  a  well- 
kept  house,  charging  $3  50  per  day.  This  place  was  first  settled  by  the  Mormons  about  1853.  Since 
the  completion  of  the  railroads  it  has  very  much  improved,  and  many  Gentiles  have  located  here, 
and  it  has  about  5,000  inhabitants  scattered  over  a  considerable  tract  of  the  valley,  which  is  bordered 
on  the  north  by  the  towering  peaks  and  ridges  of  the  Wabsatch  Mountains. 


Salt  Lake  City  is  reached  by  the  Utah  Central  Railroad,  and  is  36  miles  south  of  Ogden.  It 
lies  in  the  great  valley  of  and  on  the  eastern  side  of  one  of  the  southern  arms  of  Great  Salt  Lake. 
The  site  upon  which  the  city  stands  is  a  gently  sloping  plain,  which  extends  close  up  to  the  foot  of 
the  Wabsatch  Mountains,  and  slopes  down  into  the  lake  about  five  miles  distant.  The  city  hugs  up 
close  to  the  foot  of  the  mountains,  is  laid  out  with  broad  streets  at  right  angles,  and  down  the 
gutters  of  those  which  run  from  the  mountains  to  the  lake  course  babbling  brooks  brought  in  from 
mountain  streams.  The  gardens  of  the  city  and  fields  of  the  plain  are  irrigated  by  these  water- 
streams,  and  are  all  laden  with  fruit  and  shade  trees,  and  vegetable  gardens.  Viewed  from  Ensign 
Peak,  immediately  over  the  extensive  grounds  and  buildings  of  Brigham  Young,  Salt  Lake  City 
presents  a  most  interesting,  beautiful  and  impressive  appearance,  with  its  mountain  and  lake  sur- 
roundings, in  the  midst  of  a  vast  wilderness.  There  are  many  fine  business  blocks  and  eastern- 
looking  dwellings  being  erected  in  the  city,  which  now  contains  about  25,000  inhabitants,  and  of 


HOM55     liTTitDtNG. 


S61 


which  fully  two-thirds  are  Mormons.  Of  the  better  class  of  Mormon  dwellings  which  appear  to 
have  been  erected  from  five  to  ten  years,  and  are  found  in  considerable  numbers  in  this  city, 
and  in  all  the  better  class  of  Little  Villages  throughout  the  valley,  are  represented  by  the  accom- 

.  panying  illustration  which  was  sketched  from 

nature  by  the  author  in  the  little  vilhige  of 
Avel,  about  six  miles  north  of  Salt  Lake  City, 
Another  class  of  Mormon  ideas  of  "Home 
Building"  is  faithfully  shown  by  our  illustra- 
tion of  a  dwelling  in  the  Missouri  Valley — so 
far  as  the  exterior  of  the  Home  center  will 
show  it.  And  still  another  consists  of  the 
single  log-house.  The  building  here  shown 
is  what  the  people  of  the  place  call  the 
"doby"  house,  the  outside  walls  being  built 
of  sun-dried  bricks,  or  sometimes  plastered 
and  laid  off  in  blocks.  Many  of  the  more 
recently-built  dwellings  are  of  burned  bricks. 


A  MORMON  COTTAGE. 


The  Hotels  of  importance  in  this  city  are  the  Walker  House  (Gentile),  $4  per  day;  the  Townscnd 
House  (Mormon),  $4  per  day,  and  the  Salt  Lake  and  Valley  Houses,  $2  per  day  each.  Salt  Lake 
City  is  between  4,000  and  5,000  feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  is  considered  an  exceedingly  healthy 
place. 

Industries.  The  country  in  the  neighborhood  of  this  city,  or  anywhere  in  this  valley,  or  any 
of  the  valleys  north  or  south  of  it,  which  can  be  irrigated,  are  of  an  exceedingly  fertile  character, 
and  although  great  labor  has  been  expended  upon  some  of  them,  and  remains  to  be  expended  on 
others,  they  richly  pay  when  once  subdued.  The  mineral  wealth  of  the  country  is  but  partially 
known,  although  sufficient  development  has  been  made  to  reveal  a  great  variety  of,  and  almost 
boundless  stores  of  treasure.  The  southern  portion  of  the  country  and  mountain  valleys,  are 
covered  with  ample  forests  of  a  large  variety  of  useful  woods.  Marble  and  other  useful  stone  are 
being  quarried,  and  the  commercial  importance  of  this  city  is  rapidly  developing  into  magnificent 
proportions.  The  manufacturing  interest  of  this  city,  and  satelitcs,  is  as  yet  of  a  limited  character. 
There  is,  however.  Cotton,  Flouring,  Lumbering,  Planing,  and  other  Mills  in  successful  operation; 
also  Founderies,  Machine  Shop,  and  other  establishments  Manufacturing  Wagons,  Agricultural 
Implements  and  many  other  useful  articles,  and  no  doubt  in  a  few  years,  mechanical  industry  will 
have  greatly  increased. 

The  Institutions  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  other  towns  of  Utah,  are  principally  under  Mormon 
control.  There  are,  notwithstanding,  churches  and  schools  in  this  city  in  a  flourishing  condition 
under  the  control  of  other  sects.  There  are  banks,  insurance  offices,  Gentile  and  Mormon  news- 
paper offices,  and    many  other    necccssary  companions   of  modern  civilization,  established  and 

flourishing  here,  and  in  the  valley. 

This  illustration  is  after  a  sketch  from  nature,  by 

i?._;^  the  author  and  represents  a  class  of  human  wrecking  in- 

5  '"^  =""   -       stitutions,  which  appears  to  spring  up  like  the  Canada 

thistle,  where  it  can  do  most  damage,  and   when  it 

makes  its  appearance  it  stings,  chokes,  and  hinders 

the  progress  of  civilizing  enterprise  to  an  t  xlent  which 

is  simply  appalling.     The  picture  speaks  for  itself,  and 

lacks  notliing  but  the    deluded,   bloated,  swaggering 

crew,  which  at  nearly  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night, 

lean  upon  its  front  logs  and  lounge  about  its  door.     It 

is  a  familiar  sight  to  those  who  have  visited  the  towns 

along  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  in  Utah  and  Nevada, 

although  it  does  not  generally  stand  alone,  as  here 

shown,   but  is  likely  to  be  accompanied  by  a  half 

dozen,  and  sometimes  a  dozen  of  the  same  breed  within  a  hundred  yards.     It  is  the  sure  sign  of 

degradation,  decay  and  death;  and  tens  of  thousands  of  its  unwary  patrons  have  lost  their  footing 


582  itOME      BtilLDlT^G. 

upon  its  threshold,  and  plunged  headlong  into  bottomless  woe.  It  is  one  of  the  educators,  which 
the  people  of  the  United  States  allows  to  be  turned  out  in  droves,  to  instruct  the  Indians  of  the  plains 
and  deserts  of  the  great  central  west,  of  the  elevating  and  refining  power  of  a  white  man's  civili- 
zation. We  noticed  but  one  other  kind  of  building  in  the  shadow  of  which  this  seemed  to  wither  and 
disappear,  and  that  was  the  little  white  cliurch,  the  steeple  of  which,  pointing  up  to  a  just  God, 
seems  to  awe  it  from  the  circle  of  its  influence.  We  would  not  feel  safe  in  advising  any  man  to 
locate  his  home  within  less  than  ive  miles  of  one  of  the  creatures  illustrated  above,  and  even  then 
it  would  be  a  hazadrous  risk. 


TRUCKEE, 


This  town  is  located  upon  a  plateau  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains  in  Nevada  County,  Cal., 
1  657  miles  westerly  from  Omaha,  Neb.,  and  257  miles  easterly  from  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  on  the  line 
of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  near  the  average  summit  of  the  Sierras,  and  is  5,866  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  was  projected  in  1867  and  1868,  at  the  time  of  the  building  of  the  railroad; 
is  a  mountain  town,  where  if  reasonable  care  is  taken  and  sanitary  laws  observed,  the  best  of  phy- 
sical health  will  result.  The  present,  tolerably  permanent,  population  of  the  town  is  about  2,500. 
The  Truckee  Hotel  and  Cardwell  House  are  the  principal  hotels  in  the  place,  and  charge  $3  50  per 
day  each. 

Industries.  The  great  swells,  ridges,  peaks,  pleasant  valleys,  and  occasional  terraced  plateaus 
of  the  Sierras,  which  rise  higher  and  higher  toward  the  summit,  are  covered  with  a  heavy  growth 
of  the  mammoth  pines,  peculiar  to  this  range  of  mountains  and  portions  of  the  Pacific  Slope;  and 
the  largest  interests  of  Truckee  arc  connected  with  the  cutting  and  manufacturing  of  these  towering 

trees which  range  from  one  to  ten  feet  in  diameter — into  all  forms  of  lumber  and  timber  for 

building  and  other  purposes.  Ice-making  and  marketing  is  another  of  the  industries  of  this  locality, 
the  production  amounting  to  about  10,000  tons  per  year.  Truckee,  being  at  the  junction  of  two 
Divisions  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  gives  it  considerable  importance  as  a  railroad  center,  and 
beside  the  above,  it  is  a  center  of  trade  and  supply  for  a  large  expansa  of  surrounding  mountain 
country. 

The  Institutions  of  the  place  are  one  ]\[ethodist,  one  Episcopal,  and  one  Catholic  Church,  a 
good  public  school  with  primary  and  grammar  departments,  and  a  newspaper  office  which  issues 
the  ''Truckee  Republican." 

Mr.  C.  F.  McGlashan,  attorney-at-law,  Truckee,  Cal.,  will  answer  any  inquiries  with  reference 
to  investment  or  general  business  matters,  in  connection  with  this  locality.  Lots  are  worth  from 
$200  to  $1,500  per  city  lot,  the  drainage  of  all  being  good.  Timber  lands  are  abundant  in  all  direc- 
tions, and  good  farms  in  the  Sierra  Valley,  20  miles  north  of  this  point. 


COLFAX. 


On  the  western  slope  of  the  Sierras,  54  miles  east  of  Sacramento,  and  1,723  miles  from  Omaha, 
Westerly,  on  the  line  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  point  of  departure  for  Giass  Valley  and 
Nevada,  stands  this  pleasantly  located  town.  It  is  2,400  feet  up  the  mountain  slope,  in  Placer 
Countv,  Cal.,  enjoys  superior  advantages  for  drainage,  a  delightfully  salubrious  climate,  and  is 
fczceedingly  Icealthy.     It  was  projected  in  1865,  and  has  at  this  time  about  1,200  inhabitants  and  two 


HOME     R  TT  I  L  D  I  N  G  .  383 

rery  fair  Hotels— the  Central  and  Exchange  Hotels,  the  former  charging  $1  50,  and  the  latter  $2 
per  day. 

Industries.  Placer-mining  and  fruit-growing  are~the  two  great  money-making  pursuits  of  the 
people  of  this  place  and  its  surrounding  plateaus  and  valleys,  which  are  exceedingly  fertile,  yielding 
great  returns  of  grapes,  pears,  and  many  other  fruits,  to  the  industrious  cultivator,  and  many  of 
which  "  pan  out  "  a  good  day's  wages  in  gold-dust  to  the  toiling  miner  who  cares  to  engage  in  the 
business.  There  is  a  growing  commercial  interest  at  this  place,  also,  and  it  is  a  railroad  center  of 
some  importance. 

Institutious.  These  are  principally  comprehended  in  one  Union  and  one  Catholic  Church,  a 
good  free  public  school.  Mason  and  Odd  Fellows  Lodges.  At  the  writing  of  this  article  there  is  no 
newspaper,  or  printing  office  of  any  kind,  in  Colfax,  but  now  is  the  time  to  establish  one. 

Sundries.  Lots  are  worth  from  $1  to  $30  per  front  foot.  Mr.  G.  B.  McCullough,  lumber 
dealer  and  builder,  Colfax,  Cal.,  will  cheerfully  respond  to  any  inquiry  concerning  any  matters  of 
importance  in  coun^tion  with  this  locality. 


SACRAMENTO. 


This  important  city,  and  capital  of  the  State  of  California,  is  situated  on  a  great,  fertile  plain, 
on  the  southern  side  of  the  Sacramento  River,  just  below  the  confluence  of  the  American  River,  in 
Sacramento  County,  Cal.  It  is  the  western  terminus  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad;  is  1,775  miles 
from  Omaha,  Neb.,  westerly,  via  the  C.  P.  R.  R.,  and  140  miles  from  San  Francisco  Cal.,  easterly, 
by  way  of  the  Western  Pacific  Railway,  and  is  also  the  terminus  of  the  California  Pacfic,  Sacra- 
mento Valley,  and  California  and  Oregon  Railroads.  The  broad,  low,  comparatively  level  valley 
of  Sacramento  is  about  twelve  miles  wide  at  this  point,  from  east  to  west,  when  it  begins  gradually 
to  slope  up  and  break  into  rolling  hills  and  beautiful  plateaus,  both  east  toward  the  Sierras,  and  west 
toward  the  coast  range  of  mountains.  The  ridges  and  hillocks  gradually  succeed  each  other  with 
valleys  and  plains  between  them,  and  each  succeeding  roll  is  higher  than  the  last,  until  they 
depart  from  the  mere  foothills  and  break  into  semi-mountains,  and  finally  into  the  grand,  lofty 
peaks  of  these  different  ranges,  which  are  separated  by  about  100  miles  of  the  most  remarkably 
diversified,  fertile,  and  beautiful  country  in  the  world.  This  grand  valley  extends  from  Sacramento 
northward  about  200  miles  toward  the  source  of  the  Sacramento  River,  and  about  250  miles  southerly 
from  whence  comes  the  waters  of  the  San  Joaquin  River,  and  until  the  two  great  ranges  of  moun- 
tains, by  the  aid  of  projecting  spurs,  finally,  almost  close  together,  and  shut  in  this  wonderful 
country.  Sacramento,  by  her  natural  central  position,  her  present  and  projected  railroads  and  her 
water  communication  with  the  Pacific,  is  the  undisputed  commercial  center  and  metropolis  of  this 
vast  country  of  untold  agricultural  and  mineral  wealth. 

This  city  and  port  of  entry  did  not  assume  any  considerable  importance  until  after  the  flood- 
gates of  gold-hunting  were  swept  open  in  1648-49,  when  its  importance  as  a  point  of  shipment,  via 
the  Sacramento  River,  for  the  vast  quantities  of  supplies  sent  in  for  the  thousands  of  miners  which 
swarmed  in  all  parts  of  this  great  valley,  and  covered  every  mountain  side.  Since  tiiat  time  it  has 
twice  been  inundated  by  the  floods  of  tiie  Sacramento  River  and  almost  ruined,  but  notwithstanding 
the  floods,  it  has  prospered  greatly,  and  has  now  a  population  of  over  25,000  inhabitants.  Since  the 
last  flood  of  1861-G2,  the  citizens  determined  to  raise  their  entire  city — which  required  it — ten  feet 
above  the  former  level,  and  a  large  portion  of  the  work  is  already  accomplished.  Tiie  principal 
Hotels  of  Sacramento  are  the  Arcade  and  Grand   Hotel,  |3  per  day  each, 

The  Industries  of  this  capital  city,  arc  principally  of  a  commercial  character,  Avhich  finds  its 
customers  among  the  mines  and  ranchmen  of  the  valley  and  mountain  slopes,  and  continues  to  grow 
in  importance  aa  the  country  fills  up  with  permanent  settlers.     There  are,  also,  a  large  number  of 


384  HOME      BUILDING. 

exteasive  mechanical  op3rations  being  carried  on  successfully,  prominent  among  which  are  the 
works  connected  with  the  different  railroads,  and  other  machine  shops;  Cotton,  Flour  and  other 
manufacturing  is  also  prospering  in  the  place. 

The  locality  is  tolerably  liealthy,  and  it  contains  a  large  number  of  important  Institations, 
among  which  are  churches,  schools,  seminaries,  banks,  the  State  and  County  Institutions,  news- 
paper offices,  and  many  other  organizations  of  various  characters. 


STOCKTON. 


This  is  another  splendid  commercial  center  and  elegant  city,  located  in  the  same  great  valley 
notedin  connection  with  Sacramento.  Tliis,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  southward,  being  named  after 
the  San  Joaquin  River,  which  courses  through  it  from  south  to  north,  and  enters  Susun  Bay  just  south 
of  the  Sacramento  River.  This  point  is  48  miles  south-by-south-east  of  Sacramento,  by  way  of  the 
Western  Pacific  Railroad,  and  over  90  miles  from  San  Francisco,  east,  by  the  same  route.  It  has 
also  railroad  communication  up  the  San  Joaquin  Valley,  nearly  200  miles,  and  easterly  to  Milton, 
lona,  and  other  important  places.  It  is  on  a  navigable  arm  of  the  San  Joaquin  River,  and  has, 
beside,  a  ship-canal  through  the  low  lands  to  the  river.  Stockton  was  projected  in  1848,  since  which 
time  its  growth  has  been  steady  but  gradual,  and  it  has,  at  this  time,  a  population  of  over  12,000. 
According  to  the  statistics  of  health  and  temperature,  this  locality  enjoys  a  most  delightful  climate, 
and  is  exceedingly  healthy.  The  principal  Hotels  are  the  Yosemite  House,  which  charges  from 
$3  50  to  $3  per  day;  the  Mansion  House  making  about  the  same  charges,  and  the  Central  House 
charging  from  $1  50  to  $2  50  per  day. 

The  Industries  of  Stockton  are  most  largely  connected  with  commercial  enterprises,  although 
tlicre  are  large  Flour,  Woolen  and  Planing  Mills,  Founderies,  Tanneries,  and  manufacturers  of 
Agricultural  Implements,  Wind  Mills,  &c.  Water  is  supplied  to  the  city  of  an  extra  quality  by  a 
great  number  of  wind-mills  which  pump  it  from  artesian  wells.  These  wind-mills  are  a  prominent 
feature  of  this  city,  and,  indeed,  the  entire  scope  of  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  Valleys;  they 
are  indispensable  aids  to  irrigation,  which  is  also  indispensable  for  the  success  of  vegetable  or  fruit- 
gardens  in  these  valleys  and  throughout  California,  where  streams  cannot  be  utilized.  By  irrigation 
these  deep  black  valley  lands  are  made  extremely  fertile,  and  a  succession  of  crops  are  kept  up  the 
year  round,  wheat  and  grass  lands  not  requiring  it. 

The  Institutions  of  Stockton  are  in  a  prosperous  condition;  there  are  twelve  churches,  nine 
public  schools,  good  private  schools,  a  business  college,  and  several  benevolent  societies.  The 
newspapers  of  the  place,  at  present,  are  the  "Stockton  Independent,"  "Daily  Evening  Herald," 
and  a  German  paper. 

We  recommend  any  of  our  readers  who  care  to  look  up  this  subject  in  a  careful  manner  with  a 
view  to  properly  informing  themselves  of  the  resources  of  the  wonderful  Valley  of  the  San  Joaquin, 
and  the  facts  in  detail  with  reference  to  this  splendid  city,  to  apply  to  Mr.  Alonzo  Rodes,  real 
estate  and  general  business  agent,  237  Main  Street,  Stockton,  Cal.,  for  a  pamphlet  entitled  "The 
City  of  Stockton,"  which  also  includes  a  sketch  of  the  "  Great  San  Joaiiuin  Basin."  Mr.  Rodes 
is  one  of  the  oldest  settlers  of  the  place,  and  is  a  well-informed,  reliable  gentleman,  and  can 
give  valuable  assistance  to  any  seeking  the  locality  for  the  purpose  of  "Home  Building." 


HOME      BUILDING.  385 


SAN   JOSE. 

The  Santa  Clara  Valley  is  almost  semi-tropical,  seldom  ever  experiencing  the  slightest  frosts, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  for  loveliness  and  fertility,  and  this  city  is  near  its  geographical 
center.  It  is  50  miles  from  San  Francisco,  via  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  about  8  miles 
from  the  southern  end  of  the  bay  of  San  Francisco,  on  the  Coyote  Creek.  San  Jose  is  one  of  the 
old  towns  of  this  State,  having  been  settled  in  1777  by  Spaniards;  is  tlie  capital  of  Santa  Clara 
County,  Cal.,  is  a  very  elegantly  built  and  prosperous  place  and  has  a  population,  at  this  time,  of 
over  15,000,  among  whom  are  some  of  the  most  wealthy  men  in  the  State.  The  climate  of  this 
valley  is  very  even  and  salubrious,  San  Jose  enjoying  remarkable  Jiealthfubiess,  and  is  a  resort  for 
many  invalids  on  that  account.  Among  the  Hotels  of  the  place  are  the  Auzueras  House,  which 
charges  $3  per  day;  the  New  York  Exchange,  charging  $3  50  per  day;  the  Continental  Hotel, 
charging  $2  per  day;  the  Franklin  and  Farmers'  Houses  charging  $1  per  day  each. 

The  country  around  this  center  is  one  of  the  finest  agricultural  districts  in  the  world,  and  the 
Industries  of  this  city  reap  benefit  from  that  source.  There  are,  likewise.  Woolen  Mills,  using  a 
capital  of  $350,000,  one  Fruit  Drying  and  one  Fruit  Canning  Factory,  three  Flouring  Mills,  two 
Tanneries,  one  Planins:  IMill,  Sash  and  Door  Factory,  and  a  number  of  smaller  industries. 

Among  the  Institntions  which  are  already  in  successful  operation,  and  those  projected  for  this 
place  and  its  neighborhood,  are  some  of  the  most  important  in  the  State.  Among  them  are  one 
Presbyterian,  one  Congregational,  one  Cumberland  Presbyterian,  one  Baptist,  one  Quaker,  one 
Episcopal,  three  Methodist,  and  two  Catholic  churches;  four  large  public,  graded  schools,  one 
academy,  and  one  very  large  convent  school.  The  Lick  Observatory  has  been  located  on  Mount 
Hamilton,  one  of  the  peaks  on  the  coast  range,  22  miles  east  of  this  city,  to  which  point  a  turnpike 
road  is  now  nearly  completed,  which  will  cost  over  $70,000.  Mr.  James  Lick,  a  famous  mil- 
lionaire, who  resided  in  this  city  set  apart  from  his  vast  fortune  $700,000,  previous  to  his  death, 
for  the  purpose  of  building  and  equipping  this  great  scientific  institution.  The  State  Normal  School, 
the  building  of  which  cost  $250,000,  is  located  on  one  of  the  public  squares  of  this  city,  and  has  an 
average  attendance  of  300  scholars.  The  Methodist  University  is  located  mid-way  between  San 
Jose  and  Santa  Clara,  which  is  four  miles  distant.  There  are  several  banks,  insurance  offices,  the 
county  and  city  institutions  and  charities,  and  there  are  seven  newspapers  published  in  the  place,  as 
follows,  viz. :  "  San  Jose  Mercury,"  daily  and  weekly;  "San  Jose  Patriot,"  daily  and  weekly;  "  San 
Jose  Argus,"  daily  and  weekly;  "  Weekly  Balance  Sheet,"  and  the  "Agriculturist,"  a  sprightly 
sheet  devoted  to  the  subject  of  agriculture. 

Sundries  and  Real  Estate.  There  are  many  splendid  villas,  pleasant  cottages,  handsome  blocks, 
fine  hotels,  and  elegant  business  and  public  buildings  in  this  city  which  speak  of  wealth  and  enterprise 
and  the  Court  House  is  a  fine  specimen  of  architectural  skill,  which  was  erected  atacostof  $200,000. 
Neat  houses  of  five  rooms  can  be  rented  for  from  $10  to  $12  per  month;  those  of  eight  rooms  for 
from  $10  to  $15  per  month.  Lots  for  business  purposes  range  from  $20  to  $500  per  front  foot,  and 
those  for  residences  range  at  from  $3  to  $50  per  front  foot;  average  depth,  137 J  feet.  San  Jose  is 
in  the  midst  of  this  beautiful  valley,  which  is  18  miles  wide,  the  more  level  part  of  it  about  25  miles 
long,  all  of  it  being  under  cultivation.  The  main  chain  of  the  coast  range  of  mountains  bounds  it 
on  the  east,  and  a  great  spur,  or  ocean  range,  runs  down  the  immediate  coast — terminating  at  San 
Francisco — and  shuts  it  off  from  the  strong  cold  winds  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  on  the  west.  On  the  south 
it  gradually  closes  by  this  spur,  drawing  in  against  the  main  range,  and  on  the  north  it  is  bounded 
by  the  bay  of  San  Francisco.  The  Santa  Rosa  Valley  is  one  of  exquisite  loveliness  and  surpassing 
fertility,  and  it  is  principally  devoted  to  raising  wheat,  pears  and  small  fruit.  The  yield  of  the 
vineyards  frequently  exceeding  40  tons  to  the  acre.  Farming  lands  range  in  value  from  $25  to  $125 
per  acre,  according  to  the  improvements  and  location,  and  on  an  average  can  be  bought  at  $50  to  $G0 
per  acre.  Farm  hands  are  getting  from  $20  to  $30  per  month,  and  servant  girls  are  obtaining 
the  same  wages,    Mr.  James  A.  Clayton,  real  estate  agent,  auctioneer,  and  notary  public,  oflice, 


386  HOME      BUILDING. 

200  Santa  Clara  Street,  San  Jose,  Cal.,  has  been  a  resident  of  this  locality  for  over  25  years,  is  a 
gentleman  of  prompt  business  habits  and  can  give  invaluable  advice  or  assistance  to  any  who  may 
think  of  locating  in  this  place  or  vicinity,  or  acquainting  themselves  with  the  many  desirable  features 
of  the  locality  for  the  purpose  of  "Home  Building."  Mr.  Clayton  buys  and  sells  real  estate  on 
commission,  collects  rents,  negotiates  loans,  and  does  a  general  agency  business. 

Among  the  many  desirable  features  of  this  valley,  for  the  "  Home  Builder  "  to  contemplate,  are 
that  it  is  within  easy  reach  by  railroad  from  San  Francisco  in  Ic  sr;  than  two  hours  time.  The  climate 
is  a  happy  mean  between  the  cold  winds  of  the  immediate  coa  t  and  the  severe  heat  of  the  broad 
interior  valley  of  the  San  Joaquin.  The  country  is  tolerably  well  settled,  and  the  city  is  filled  with 
fine  institutions  of  learning,  good  churches,  and  it  is  a  prosperous,  quiet,  go-ahead  business  center. 


SANTA   ROSA. 


The  capital  of  Sanoma  County,  Cal.,  and  one  of  the  most  desirable — if  not  the  most — for  a 
Northern  man  to  locate  a  "Home  "  of  any  found  in  this  wonderful  State.  It  is  about  GO  miles  north 
from  San  Francisco  by  steamers  across  the  Bays  of  San  Francisco  and  San  Pablo  to  Donahue,  and 
from  thence  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  is  in  the  Santa  Rosa  Valley,  on  Mantanzas  Creek,  about 
eight  miles  from  the  Russian  River.  Santa  Rosa  Valley  is  not  surpassed  by  any  other  we  know  of 
in  California  for  fertility  of  soil,  healthfulncss  of  climate,  and  beauty  of  surroundings.  It  is  free 
from  malarious  diseases,  is  considerably  higher  above  the  sea-level  than  San  Jose,  is  over  a  hundred 
miles  further  north,  and  has  a  more  crisp  atmosphere,  with  light  frosts  occasioi:a'ly  through  the 
Winter  season. 

This  city  was  projected  iu  1854  by  Julio  Carrillo,  a  native  Calif ornian,  and  the  original  grantee 
of  the  tract  of  land  on  which  it  is  located.  It  has  received  most  of  its  growth  on  account  of  the 
grc:U  agricultural  interests  of  this  valky,  and  the  valleys  tributary  to  it,  and  has,  at  present,  a  popu- 
lation of  over  C,000.  The  Grand  Hotel,  the  Ralston  House,  and  the  Continental  Hotel  are  all  good 
public  houses,  and  charge  $2  per  day  each. 

The  Principal  Industries  of  this  city,  aside  from  its  commercial  enterprises,  are  manufacturing 
Brick,  "Wagons,  Buggies,  Harness,  Leather,  Agricultural  Implements,  Boots  and  Shoes,  and  Soap. 

Among  the  Institutions  are  nine  churches,  all  of  which  are  said  to  be  well  attended  and  sup- 
ported, excellent  public  free  schools,  a  college,  under  the  direction  of  the  Methodists,  and  other 
schools,  the  county  institutions,  a  bank,  and  two  newspaper  offices. 

Sundries.  This  city  is  supplied  with  good,  pure  water  by  an  incorporated  company,  styled  the 
"Santa  Rosa  Water  Works;"  is  naturally  well-drained,  and  is  being  improved  in  that  direction. 
The  farms  of  the  locality  are  very  productive,  and  can  be  had  for  an  average  of  $50  per  acre.  The 
cost  of  living  is  very  low"  in  the  place,  all  the  necessaries  for  food  being  produced  here  in  profuse 
abundance. 

Mr.  D.  D.  Davisson,  real  estate  agent,  notary  public,  and  general  business  agent,  Santa  Rosa, 
Cal.,  will  promptly  respond  to  any  inquiries  after  information  on  any  special  subject  connected  \\  ith 
"  Home  Building  "  in  this  locality. 


OROVILLE. 


Tins  county  seat  of  Butler  County,  Cal.,  is  located  on  Feather  River,  at  the  base  of  the  foot- 
hills of  the  Sierras,  and  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Sacramento  Valley.    It  is  about  80  miles  from 


HOME      BUILDING.  387 

priests,  who  intermarried  with  the  natives  and  settled  here  permanently,  and  to  whom  grants  of  land 
were  made  by  the  Mexican  Government.  The  population  of  the  place,  until  within  the  past  three  or 
four  years,  was  largely  composed  of  this  mixed  race.  Four  years  ago  its  population  was  1,200, 
the  larger  portion  of  whom  were  of  the  mixed  race,  Mexicans  and  Spaniards.  The  present  popula- 
ton  is  over  6,500,  less  than  one-sixth  being  of  the  mixed  classes,  and  over  5,500  Americans,  which 
are  rapidly  increasing  in  numbers. 

The  climate  of  this  part  of  the  State  is  exceedingly  salubrious,  equable,  and  temperate,  and  the 
place  is  remarkably  healthy.  Tne  growing  popularity  of  Santa  Barbara  as  a  resort  for  tourists,  per- 
sons of  means  seeking  a  fine,  even,  clear  atmosphere,  and  for  those  who  are  afllicted  with  pulmonary 
derangements  is  fastening — by  virtue  of  an  effort  to  supply  the  demand — the  title  of  the  city  of 
Hotels  upon  the  place.  The  Arlington,  which  has  been  recently  built,  will  accommodate  over  200 
guests  and  is  finely  furnished,  charges  $2  to  %'6  per  day;  the  Lincoln  House,  Moire's  House,  Occi- 
dental and  Park  Hotels  are  also  good  houses,  and  charge  $2  per  day. 

About  one-third  of  the  area  of  Santa  Barbara  is  arable  and  fit  for  the  plow,  while  a  very  large 
majority  of  the  remaining  portion  is  fertile  and  affords  a  grand  pasturage  for  sheep,  cattle  and  other 
animals,  while  the  tillable  lands  are,  most  of  them,  and  especially  the  lower  valleys,  exceedingly 
fertile.  The  season  of  water-fall,  beginning  with  October  and  ending  with  June,  combined  with 
such  irrigation  as  it  plentifully  affords — by  the  Santa  Inez  River,  and  its  tributaries,  which  runs 
the  entire  length  of  the  county — enables  the  prosecution  of  agricultural  and  horticultural  operation 
to  go  forward  with  one  round  of  unbroken  years;  the  thermometer  never  falling  below  40  nor  rising 
above  84,  as  has  been  tested  by  careful  observations  throughout  entire  years  made  by  Dr.  L.  N. 
Dimmick. 

The  above  facts  of  nature  have  begun  to  tell  upon  the  destiny  of  Santa  Barbara,  city  and  county, 
and  agriculture  with  fruit  raising  is  fast  becoming  their  staple  Industry.  Here  the  orange,  lemon, 
lime,  fig,  almond,  citron,  olive,  walnut  and  pomegranate,  grow  side  by  side  with  the  apple,  peach, 
pear,  plum,  apricot,  quince,  nectarine  and  grape,  fruit  and  bear  in  great  abundance.  In  the  moun- 
tain ranges,  from  15  to  50  miles  from  this  city,  large  flocks  of  sheep  and  herds  of  cattle  and  hordes 
are  grazing,  which  afford  large  revenues  to  the  owners  from  the  sale  of  wool  and  increase.  Fish 
in  considerable  quantities  are  caught  in  the  ocean,  and  around  the  adjoining  islands,  which  supply 
the  people  of  this  place,  and  large  quantities  are  packed  for  distant  markets.  Placer  gold  is  found 
in  most  of  the  county,  in  sufficient  quantity  to  pay  for  washing  it,  where  water  is  conveniently 
procurable. 

Among  the  Institutions,  which  are  rapidly  developing  in  this  city,  are  Methodist,  Baptist,  Epis- 
copal, and  Roman  Catholic  churches;  three  large  well-appointed  and  graded  free  schools;  the  Santa- 
Barbara  College, Francisco  College,  St.  Vincent  School  or  Sisters  of  Charity;  several  beneficial  socie- 
ties, three  banks,  two  newspaper  offices  issuing  daily  and  weekly  editions,  and  the  county  insti- 
tutions. 

Sundries  and  Real  Estate.  The  harbor  of  Santa  Barbara  is  an  open  roadstead,  and  affords 
but  little  protection  to  shipping.  The  city  contains  about  2,000  acres,  divided  into  blocks  of  5  acres 
each,  which  are  square  and  have  streets  on  all  sides;  in  some  instances  these  blocks  have  been  sub- 
divided— in  the  business  part  of  the  town — into  lots  50  by  100  feet  each,  and  a  distance  from  the 
center  to  112 by  225  feet  each;  prices  vary  from  $15  per  front  foot  to  $125.  The  high  plain  upon 
which  this  city  stands  is  from  one  to  three  miles  broad,  backed  upon  the  north  by  the  Santa  Inez 
Mountains,  which  run  from  east  to  west,  and  are  about  3,000  feet  high.  Farming  lands  command 
from  $40  to  $150  per  acre,  according  to  distance  from  the  city,  value  of  improvements,  &c.,  and  pro- 
duce, wheat,  barley,  oats,  corn,  flax,  potatoes — sweet  and  Irish — peas,  beans,  turnips,  onions,  beets, 
cabbages,  pumpkins,  grasses,  and  nearly  all  the  vegetables  raised  in  Northern  or  Middle  States.  Brick 
stone,  lime,  sand  and  adobes,  are  the  principal  native  building  materials.  The  things  which  are 
lacking,  and  for  which  the  most  need  is  felt,  are  manufacturing  concerns,  to  take  the  abundance  of 
products  and  manufacture  them  into  useful  articles,  such  as  Woolen  Mills,  Sugar  Mills,  Tanneries, 
Boot  and  Shoe  Factories,  and  others,  and  railroad  communication  with  the  rest  of  th6  world.  More 
dwelling-houses  are  in  demand  and  would  command  remunerative  rents. 


388  HOME      BUILDING. 

business  nature.     Watsonville  should  not  be  passed  lightly  by  or  overlooked  by  any  seeking  a 
locality  in  California  for  the  purpose  of  making  it  a  Home. 


SAN   LUIS    OBISPO. 


This  finely  located  old  town  is  the  capital  of  San  Luis,  Obispo  County,  Cal.,  is  180  miles  south 
by  south-west  of  San  Francisco,  by  daily  stage  line  and  tri-weekly  steamers.  It  was  founded  in 
1772  by  the  "Missionary  Fathers"  from  Spain,  is  located  about  nine  miles  from  the  Pacific  Coast 
in  a  high  valley,  with  surrounding  hills  which  shield  it  from  the  more  severe  winds  of  the 
ocean;  possesses  a  climate  which  has  an  average  temperature  of  65  degrees  Fahr.,and  which  never 
gets  below  40  or  above  80,  as  a  rule.  This  town  has  a  population,  at  present,  of  about  3,000,  having 
added  the  largest  part  of  its  numbers  within  the  past  few  years,  and  is  now  rapidly  growing.  The 
county  contains  about  8,000  inhabitants.  There  are  several  Hotels  in  the  town,  among  them  the 
Cosmopolitan,  Central  and  Eagle  Hotels. 

The  great  Indnstries  of  this  very  healthy  locality  are  of  a  pastural  nature,  the  county  containing 
at  this  time  over  500,000  sheep,  50,000  head  of  cattle,  30,000  head  of  hogs,  and  5,000  head  of  horses 
and  mules,  and  is  rapidly  increasing  its  flocks.  The  county  contains  an  area  of  5,500  square  miles, 
one-third  of  which  is  suitable  for  the  plow.  There  are  in  this  locality  many  valuable  quicksilver 
mines,  which  have  recently  been  discovered,  and  some  of  which  are  now  being  worked  to  a  large  profit. 
Placer  gold  has  also  been  discovered  in  quantities  which  justifies  working  during  the  rainy  season, 
when  there  is  plenty  of  water  in  all  the  streams. 

The  Institutions  are  two  Methodist,  one  Presbyterian,  one  Episcopal  and  one  Catholic  church; 
oneMason,  one  Odd  Fellows  and  one  Good  Templars  Lodge;  two  fine  public  schools,  one  female  semi- 
nary, the  county  institutions,  and  two  newspapers. 

Sundries.  This  is  one  of  the  points  to  which  persons  troubled  with  pulmonary  diseases  may 
look  with  much  hope  of  benefit  and  often  permanent  cure,  provided  they  do  not  delay  their  coming 
until  they  are  so  prostrated  with  disease  as  not  to  have  sufficient  foundation  to  build  upon,  which 
is  often  the  case.  So  soon  as  it  is  discovered  that  such  taints  are  at  all  seriously  impairing  the  energy 
of  the  system,  the  afflicted  should  at  once  arrange  to  change  their  home  to  such  a  locality  as  this, 
while  there  is  probability  of  benefit,  ife  and  energy  sufficient  enough  to  rally,  with  the  aid  of  a 
salubrious  climate,  and  build  up  a  new  physical  man  upon  the  foundation  of  the  old  one,  as  the  ashes 
or  wreck  of  the  old  will  never  sustain  a  new,  no  matter  what  the  climate. 

Mr.  H.  B.  Blake,  real  estate  and  mining  agent,  San  Luis,  Obispo,  Cal.,  will  cheerfully  respond 
to  all  inquiries  regarding  this  locality,  or  any  matters  of  business  in  his  line;  he  has  been  in  the 
locality  about  27  years  and  is  thoroughly  acquainted  with  its  resources.  There  are  few  places  in 
southern  California  having  a  more  promising  future  than  San  Luis,  Obispo. 


SANTA   BARBARA. 


This  seaport  city  is  the  capital  of  Santa  Barbara  County,  in  the  south-west  part  of  California. 
It  is  about  300  miles  from  San  Francisco,  southerly,  and  is  reached  by  a  tri-weekly  line  of  steamers 
and  a  daily  line  of  stages  from  San  Francisco.  This  locality  was  first  settled  by  the  missionary 
priests,  who  came  here  from  Spain  about  1775,  and,  employing  the  native  Indians,  erected  exten- 
sive and  substantial  mission  buildings,  constructed  reservoirs,  erected  mills,  and  set  out  large  vine- 
yards and  orchards  of  many  tropical  and  semi-tropical  fruits.    Numbers  of  soldiers  came  with  these 


HOME      BUIDING.  389 

priests,  who  intermarried  with  the  natives  and  settled  liere  permanently,  and  to  whom  grants  of  land 
were  made  by  tlie  Mexican  Government.  Tlie  population  of  tlic  place,  until  within  the  past  three  or 
four  years,  was  largely  composed  of  this  mixed  race.  Four  years  ago  its  population  was  1,200, 
the  larger  portion  of  whom  were  of  the  mixed  race,  Mexicans  and  Spaniards.  The  present  popula- 
tion is  over  6,500,  less  than  one-sixth  being  of  the  mixed  classes,  and  over  5,500  Americans,  which 
are  rapidly  increasing  in  numbers. 

The  climate  of  this  part  of  the  State  is  exceedingly  salubrious,  equable  and  temperate,  and  the 
place  is  remarkably  licalthy.  The  growing  popularity  of  Santa  Barbara  as  a  resort  for  tourists,  per- 
sons of  means  seeking  a  fine,  even,  clear  atmosphere,  and  for  those  who  are  afflicted  with  pulmonary 
derangements  is  fastening — by  virtue  of  an  effort  to  supply  the  demand — the  title  of  the  city  of 
Hotels  upon  the  place.  The  Arlington,  which  has  been  recently  built,  will  accommodate  over  200 
guests,  and  is  finely  furnished,  charges  $2  to  $3  per  day;  the  Lincoln  House,  Moire's  House,  Occi- 
dental and  Park  Hotels  are  also  good  houses,  and  charge  $2  per  day. 

About  one-third  of  the  area  of  Santa  Barbara  is  arable,  and  fit  for  the  plow,  while  a  very  large 
majority  of  the  remaining  portion  is  fertile,  and  affords  a  grand  pasturage  for  sheep,  cattle  and  other 
animals,  while  the  tillable  lands  are,  most  of  them,  and  especially  the  lower  valleys,  exceedingly 
fertile.  The  season  of  water-fall,  beginning  with  October  and  ending  with  June,  combined  with 
such  irrigation  as  it  plentifully  affords — by  the  Santa  Inez  Kiver,  and  its  tributaries,  which  runs 
the  entire  length  of  the  county — enables  the  prosecution  of  agricultural  and  horticultural  operation 
to  go  forward  with  one  round  of  unbroken  years;  the  thermometer  never  falling  below  40  nor  rising 
above  84,  as  has  been  tested  by  careful  observations  throughout  entire  years  made  by  Dr.  L.  N. 
Dimmick. 

The  above  facts  of  nature  have  begun  to  tell  upon  the  destiny  of  Santa  Barbara  city  and  county, 
and  agriculture  with  fruit  raising  is  fast  becoming  their  staple  Industry.  Here  the  orange,  lemon, 
lime,  fig,  almond,  citron,  olive,  walnut  and  pomegranite,  grow  side  by  side  with  the  apple,  peach, 
pear,  plum,  apricot,  quince,  nectarine  and  grape,  fruit  and  bear  in  great  abundance.  In  the  moun- 
tain ranges,  from  15  to  50  miles  from  this  city,  large  flocks  of  sheep  and  herds  of  cattle  and  horses 
are  grazing,  which  affords  large  revenues  to  the  owners  from  the  sale  of  wool,  and  still  increase. 
Fish  in  considerable  quantities  are  caught  in  the  ocean,  and  around  the  adjoining  islands,  which 
supply  the  people  of  this  place,  and  large  quantities  are  packed  for  distant  markets.  Placer  gold  is 
found  in  most  of  the  county,  in  sufficient  quantity  to  pay  for  washing  it,  where  water  is  conve- 
niently procurable. 

Among  the  Institutions,  which  are  rapidly  developing  in  this  city,  are  Methodist,  Baptist, 
Episcopal,  and  Roman  Catholic  churches;  three  large  well-appointed  and  graded  free  schools;  the 
Santa-Barbara  College,  Francisco  College,  St.  Vincent  School  or  Sisters  of  Charity;  several  benefi- 
cial societies,  three  banks,  two  newspaper  offices  issuing  daily  and  weekly  editions,  and  the  county 
institutions. 

Sundries  and  Real  Estate.  The  harbor  of  Santa-Barbara  is  an  open  roadstead,  and  affords 
but  little  protection  to  shipping.  The  city  contains  about  2,000  acres,  divided  into  blocks  of  5  acres 
each,  which  are  square  and  have  streets  on  all  sides;  in  some  instances  these  blocks  have  been  sub- 
divided— in  some  business  parts  of  the  town — into  lots  50  by  100  feet  each,  and  a  distance  from  the 
center  to  112  by  225  feet  each;  prices  vary  from  $15  per  front  foot  to  $125.  The  high  plain  upon 
which  this  city  stands  is  from  one  to  three  miles  broad,  backed  upon  the  north  by  the  Santa  Inez 
Mountains,  which  run  from  east  to  west,  and  are  about  3,000  feet  high.  Farming  lands  command 
from  $40  to  $150  per  acre,  according  to  distance  from  the  city,  value  of  improvements,  &c.,  and  pro- 
duce, wheat,  barley,  oats,  corn,  flax,  potatoes — sweet  and  Irish — peas,  beans,  turnips,  onions,  beets, 
cabbage,  pumpkins,  grasses,  and  nearly  all  the  vegetables  raised  in  the  Northern  or  Middle  States. 
Brick,  stone,  lime,  sand  and  adobes,  are  the  principal  native  building  materials.  The  things  which 
are  lacking,  and  for  which  the  most  need  is  felt,  are  manufacturing  concerns,  to  take  the  great  abun- 
dance of  products  and  manufacture  them  into  useful  articles,  such  as  Woolen  Mills,  Sugar  Mills, 
Tanneries,  Boot,  Shoe  and  other  factories,  and  railroad  communcation  with  the  rest  of  the  world. 
More  dwelling-houses  are  in  demand  and  would  command  remunerative  rents. 


390  HOME      BUILDING. 

Mr.  N.  W.  Winion,  real  estate  and  insurance  agent,  notary  public  and  conveyancer,  Santa  Bar- 
bara, Cal.,  is  well  informed  with  reference  to  all  points  desirable  to  know  in  connection  with  this 
city  and  county,  and  will  cheerfully  respond  to  inquiries,  or  give  most  valuable  aid  to  the  Home 
seeker  at  this  point. 


SAN   FRANCISCO, 

The  metropolis  of  California  and  of  the  great  Pacific  Slope  of  North  America,  stands  on  the 
east  side  of  a  peninsula  which  divides  the  southern  and  greater  portion  of  the  Bay  of  San 
Francisco  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Around  the  northern  end  of  the  peninsula  and  west  of  the 
city  is  the  Golden  Gate,  which  opens  this  magnificent  Bay  and  harbor  to  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
The  Gate  is  about  three  miles  wide  and  five  miles  long,  with  occasional  bold,  projecting,  rocky 
spurs  on  its  northern  side,  which  shoot  out  from  the  rugged  hights  of  Mount  Tamanlipas, 
narrowing  the  Gate  to  a  considerable  extent,  and  plunging  their  precipitous  walls  down  into 
the  deep,  dark  waters;  while  on  the  southern  side,  the  bold  sand  hills  with  their  dark,  rocky  base, 
and  the  high,  projecting  ridge  of  Fort  Point,  forms  a  more  regular  shore  to  this  channel,  through 
which  the  waters  of  the  Bay  have  rolled  out  upon  the  bosom  of  the  restless  ocean  and  returned, 
with  painful  precision,  day  by  day,  and  night  by  night,  since  the  age  of  its  formation  began,  ever 
washing  the  golden  sands  of  the  rivers  of  California  through  this  rock-bound  pass,  to  bury  them 
forever  beneath  the  ocean's  bed. 

The  original  site  of  San  Francisco  was  a  comparatively  narrow,  level  plain,  of  deep  shifting 
sands  on  the  east  side  of  the  point,  backed  up  on  the  western  side  with  a  succession  of  bold  sand 
and  rock  hills,  with  plains  and  valleys  between,  and  growing  more  bold  as  they  receded  southward, 
until  they  finally  rise  in  a  majestic  fertile  mountain  about  five  miles  from  the  foot  of  Market  Street. 
The  plain  around  the  north-eastern  and  eastern  side  of  the  point,  upon  which  the  city  now  stands, 
has  been  extended  to  a  considerable  distance  into  the  waters,  forming  a  long  curve  from  Fort  Point 
arouad  to  ^lission  Creek,  a  large  portion  of  which  is  completed,  and  the  general  line  of  this  curve 
broken  into  piers  and  docks,  which  are  constantly  filled  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  with  shipping, 
Avhich  represents  the  commerce  of  the  whole  world.  The  western  half  of  the  city  has  climbed  over 
the  hills  and  ridges,  in  some  places  cutting  them  down  over  50  feet,  and  yet  leaving  such  elevations 
as  compel  the  planking  of  the  streets  and  sidewalks,  with  many  long  and  short  flights  of  steps  for 
the  latter,  and  so  severe  a  grade  for  the  former  as  to  make  it  almost  impossible  for  a  horse  and 
wagon  to  traverse  them,  but  giving  the  city  a  most  remarkable  and  picturesque  appearance, 
especially  when  viewed  from  the  Bay  by  lamplight. 

This  great  city  was  projected  about  1835,  and  was  named  Zerba  Buena,  which  was  changed  in 
1847  to  its  present  name.  At  the  beginning  of  the  great  California  gold-fever  of  1848-9,  the  popu- 
lation of  the  town  was  about  1,000,  and  was  principally  grouped  in  a  valley  along  the  shore, 
west  of  Telegraph  Hill.  The  cry  of  Gold  !  went  around  the  earth  as  fast  as  ships  could  sail,  and 
soon  men  and  women  from  all  parts  of  the  world — not  excepting  the  almond-eyed  Mongolian — were 
eagerly  pressing  their  way,  with  eyes  set  like  fire,  toward  the  fields  of  gold;  and,  in  1850,  San  Fran- 
cisco had  a  population  of  over  25,000,  and  a  commerce  growing  with  the  same. astonishing  rapidity. 
From  this  time,  for  several  years,  it  experienced  a  period  of  shameless  profligacy,  base  depravity, 
and  wanton,  brutal  rufilanism,  unparalleled  in  the  annals  of  modern  civilization,  which  was  only 
checked  by  the  strong  arm  and  heavy  hand  of  the  "Vigilance  Committee  " — a  semi  secret  organiza- 
tion, composed  of  the  best  men  of  the  State,  throughout  which  its  protection  was  needed — and 
which,  after  law  and  order  were  firmly  established,  as  quietly  dispersed  as  did  they  summarily  blaze 
upon  the  field  of  action  at  the  time  of  need. 

Since  1850,  San  Francisco  has  rapidly  gone  forward  in  all  matters  which  go  to  make  up  a  great 
commercial  and  industrial  metropolis,  until  her  population  now  numbers  over  300,000,  and  her 


HOME     BUILDING.  391 

commercial  arms  stretch  to  Europe  on  the  East,  and  over  the  Orient  to  the  West.  The  Bay  of  San 
Francisco  is  a  harbor  whicli  presents  to  the  storm  beaten  mariner  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  most  ample 
waters,  secure  anclioiage,  and  sheltering  mountains,  under  the  lee  of  which  tliey  may  rest  and  repose. 
It  is  al)out  55  miles  long— includmg  the  Bay  of  San  Pablo,  into  which  the  Sacramento  and  San 
Joaquin  Rivers  flow — and  ranges  from  three  to  fifteen  miles  in  width,  laying  from  north-west  to 
south-east,  with  San  Francisco  and  the  Golden  Gate,  just  above  the  center  of  its  western  side. 
The  vast  chain  of  railroads  which  now  locks  this  remarkable  city  with  all  the  great  cities  of  the 
United  States,  and  with  New  York — the  "  Metropolis  of  America  "—was  perfected  at  the  completion 
of  the  Central,  Union  and  Western  Pacific  Railroads,  and  San  Francisco  is  now  assuming  a  more 
important  position  in  the  great  commercial  girdle  of  the  earth  than  it  had  ever  before  appeared  to 
possess. 

It  is  rapidly  building  up  over  plains  and  hills,  and,  although  a  large  proportion  of  its  residences 
are  of  wood,  which  presents  a  peculiar  chopped  appearance,  with  their  endless  projecting  bays 
extended  to  the  roofs,  the  streets  of  the  best  business  portion  of  the  city  are  being  lined  with 
splendid  substantial  stone,  brick,  and  iron  buildings  for  banking,  insurance,  various  commercial, 
literary,  and  many  other  purposes,  while  the  extent  and  grandeur  of  its  Hotels  are  almost  unsur- 
passed. 

Railroads  are  being  rapidly  extended  into  all  parts  of  the  State,  and  the  great  amount  of  manu- 
facture which  is  now  going  on  and  under  contemplation  gives  employment  to  a  large  number  of 
industrious  citizens,  and  is  laying  a  foundation  for  future  stability  most  desirable  to  cultivate. 

The  Institutions  of  this  metropolis  are  such  as  spring  up  in  all  our  energetic,  go-ahead  American 
cities,  and  are  being  purified  and  improved  with  commendable  zeal. 

The  climate  of  San  Francisco  is  less  desirable  than  any  of  the  prominent  cities  of  California  on 
account  of  the  cold  winds  which  sweep  up  from  the  ocean  through  the  Golden  Gate,  carrying  sand 
into  the  streets  from  the  sand-hills  on  the  west  of  the  city,  and  sending  chills  through  the  carelessly 
clad,  even  in  the  days  of  July  and  August.  Rents  are  very  high,  and  good  accommodations  to  rent 
difficult  to  obtain;  nearly  all  necessaries  for  food  are  much  lower,  in  many  cases  one  half  less,  than 
in  New  York,  although  articles  for  clothing  are  about  the  same  rates.  Servants  wages  are  $15  to 
$20  per  month,  and  many  families  are  employing  Chinamen  instead  of  girls,  which  helps  to  supply 
the  demand. 

The  Future  Prospects  of  this  city  are,  beyond  all  doubt,  of  an  exceedingly  flattering  character. 
If  the  people  shall  regard  the  lessons  of  warning  they  have  seen  presented  in  their  own  history, 
short  as  it  may  be,  and  in  the  history  of  other  great  centers;  look  to  the  more  substantial  character 
of  their  buildings,  in  order  that  they  shall  not  be  suddenly  swept  out  of  existence  by  the  besom  of 
a  devastating  conflagration,  or  crumbled  by  the  throes  of  an  earthquake,  at  a  time  when  they  think 
not;  see  to  it  that  their  institutions,  society,  and  government  arc  purified,  cherished,  improved,  and 
encouraged,  and  the  sanitary  interests  of  the  city  attended  to  in  a  manner  commensurate  to  its  great 
needs,  the  close  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  will  witness  at  San  Francisco  a  spectacle  of  a  most 
magnificent  nature. 


392 


HOME      BUILDING. 


I W.  FISIE 

^^  Manufacturer  of 

IRON  CRESTINGS  AND  FINIALS 

For 

FREI(CH 


And 


MANSARD 
ROOFS, 


Fountains,   Vases,  Statuary,  Deer,  Dogs,  Lions,  Settees,  Chairs,  &c., 


Iron  Stable  Fixtures 

of  the  most  approved  designs. 

IRON  FURNITURE, 

Bedsteads,  Hat  Stands,   Umbrella  Stands, 

&c. 

Plain  and  Fancy 

SHELF  BRACKETS, 

COPPER  WEATHER  VANES, 

Over  300  new  and  Original  Designs. 


Iron  and  Wire  Railing 

For  Public  or  Private  Buildings,  Balco 

nies,    Cemetries,  Banks,    Offices, 

Counters,  "Window  and 

Door  Guards,  &c. 
Plain  and  Ornamental 

TREE  GUARDS, 

&c. 
Emblematic  Si^ns  for  all  Trades  and 
Professions. 

All  kinds  of  Wrought  and  Cast  Iron 
ft  work  estimated  upon. 


Office  and  Wakerooms, 
21  and  23  BARCLAY  ST.  and 

26  and  28  PARK  PLACE, 

CORNER  CHURCH  ST. 

Neiir  York. 

Illustrated  Catalogues  furnished  to  parties,  other  than  dealers,  at  a  nominal  price  ;   to  be  refunded  on  the 
first  purchase.     Each  line  of  goods  contained  in  a  separate  catalogue. 


HOME      BUILDING. 


893 


li^C  iML  iS^ 


Slate.  Mari  m  m 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 

INLAID    TILE    MANTELS. 

IMPORTERS  OF 

ENGLISH  DECORATED  MANTELS. 

We  keep  on  exhibition  the  Largest  and  most  Select  Stock  to  be  found  in  the  Country. 

PRICES  FROM  TEN  DOLLARS  UP.    Liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 
T.  B.  STEWART  &  CO.,  220  and  222  West  23d  Street, 

See  editorial  under  New  York.  MEW  YORK. 

J.  M.  THORBURN  &  CO. 

IMPORTERS  AND  GROWERS  OF 

GARDEN  SEEDS, 

FLOWER  SEEDS, 

TREE  SEEDS, 

DUTCH 

TTOIIOSIS, 


BULBOUS    BOOTS,     GLADIOLUS, 

JIPIl  110  GOLBIl  BIIBED  LILIES. 

ALSO,  CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND 


^1] 


.wm 


'^mm  Bmmns. 


Tlie  following  Catalogues  are  Published  during  the  Year,  all  of  which  will 

be  mailed  on  application  : 

Catalogue  of  Vegetable,  Agricultural,  &c..  Seeds.     Ready  in  January. 

Catalogue  of  Flower  Seeds,  containing  Directions  for  their  cultivation,  with  over  1,000  varieties. 
Ready  in  January. 

Catalogue  of  Tree  and  Shrub  Seeds,  with  Directions  for  their  Cultivation.     Ready  in  January. 

Catalogue  of  French  Hybrid  Gladiolus,  and  other  Spring  Bulbs.     Ready  in  January. 

Catalogue  of  Dutch  Bulbous  Roots,  with  Directions  for  tlieir  Managenu-nt.     Ready  in  Sept. 

Catalogue  and  Almanac,  with  Directions  for  the  Cultivation  of  Vegetables  in  the  Soutuebn 
States.    Ready  in  October. 


394 


HOME      BUILDING. 


THE 


zdi^ 


'm 


PERFORATED  METALLIC 

SHUTTERS    AND    BLINDS. 

SIOW-P10@F  LOlflE  ¥IimiT01S. 

PERFORATED    SHEET    METALS. 
GEORGE  HAYES, 


71  EIGHTH  AVE., 
New  York. 


and 


30  HARRIET  ST., 

San  Francisco. 


The  Hayes  manufactures  have  the  indorsement  of  the  most  scientific 
and  practical  men  in  the  United  States,  and  are  to  be  found  upon  most  of 
the  best  buildings  in  almost  eve:y  city. 


NEW  YORK, 

62  Cortlandt  Street, 

J^CLTLixfcLato'ry,  Trentort,  J^.  tT. 

Manufacturers  of 

FIRi:  BRICK, 

DRAIN  PIPE, 
SEWER  PIPE, 

CHIMNEY  TOPS, 
CHIMNEY  FLUES, 

GARDEN  VASES, 
RUSTIC  WORK, 

STATUARY,  &c. 

[Send  for   Illustrated  Cir- 
culars aud  Price  Lists,] 


PHILADELPHIA. 

19  N.  Seventh  Street 


RUSTIC  VASE. 


TERRA  COTTA  VAbE. 


HOME     BUILDING 


395 


81,  83  and  85  OENTHE  STREET, 

Manufacturers   and  Dealers  in  PLAIN  and  COLORED 


FOR  WINDOWS,  DOME  LIGHTS,  VESTIBULE  DOORS,  CARS,  LANTERNS, 

ADVERTISING  SIGNS,  &c. 

ORNAMENTED  GLASS  GLOBES  IN  GREAT  VARIETY. 

GLASS  OBSCURED  FOR  THE  TRADE  IN  ANY  QUANTITY 

LANDSCAPES,  PORTRAITS,  FIGURES,  ANIMALS, 

Or  any  Design  furnished  will  be  Reproduced  on  Glass 

ESTIMATES  FURNISHED. 

Our  Embossed  Glass  may  be  seen  in  the  following  places: 


Metropolitaa  Life  Insurance  Building, 
Windsor  Hotel, 
Chickering  Hall, 

Buckingham  Hotel, 

Staat's  Zeitung  Building, 

Western  Union  Building, 
Evening  Post  Building, 
Fifth  National  Bank. 

New  York  Post  Office. 

Oriental  Bank, 

Morrisania  Savings  Bank, 

Coal  and  Iron  Exchange  Building, 
Equitable  Life  Building, 
Citizens'  Bank, 
Astor  House, 

Merchants'  Exchange,  Boston, 
Blackstone  Bank,  Boston, 
Baptist  Church,  Baltimore 

German  Savings  Bank,  Brooklyn, 

Williamsburgh  Savings  Bank,  Brooklyn, 
Savings  Bank,  New  Orleans, 
First  National  Bank,  Denver, 

Mutual  Life  Ins.  Building,  Philadelphia, 
Continental  Hotel,  Philadelphia, 
Horticultural  Hall,  Philadelphia, 
Memorial  Hall,  Philadelphia, 
And  many  other  Public  and  Private  Buildings. 


^96 


HOME      BU  ILDIN  G 


One  Price. 


No  Deviation. 


Wholesale  and  Retail 


121,  123  and  125  FULTON  STREET, 

COR.  NASSAU. 

BOYS'  k  YOUTHS'  CLOTHING  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Special  attention  given  to  Custom  Work. 

Roebuck's 


No.  6.    FOR  CENTER  OF  DOORS  AND  WINDOWS. 


Patent  Wood  and  Eubter 

Exclude  cold  wind,  snow 
and  dust  from  the  sides, 
tops  and  bottoms  of  doors 
and  windows  without  in- 
terfering with  their  free 
use.  Also  stops  rattling 
of  windows.  Recommend- 
ed by  all  Architects  and 
Builders.     Headquarters, 

S.  ROEBUCK  Ss  CO., 

156  Fulton  St.,  N.  Y. 

Descriptive    Catalogue    sent 
on  application. 


MISFIT   CARPETS. 

English  Brussels,    Three-Ply  and  Ingrain ;   also,  Stair    Carpets,    Velvet 
Rugs,  Crumb  Cloths,  Oil  Cloths,  etc.,  very  cheap  at  the  Old  Place, 

112  FULTON  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 

Carpets  carefully  packed  and  sent  to  any  part  of  the 
United  States  free  of  charge. 

SEND  FOR  PRICE  LIST.  J.  A.  BENDALL. 


HOME      BUILDING. 


397 


The  Grand  Central  Elevated  Oven  Range, 

The  Latest  and  Best ! 


FOUR  SIZES,  Nos.  3,  3,  4  and  5. 

JOHN  Q.  A.  BUTLER, 

92  Beekman  Street,  Second  store  EasJ;  of  Cliff  Street. 

For  full  descriptions,  dimensions  and  prices,  &c.,  send  for  Circular. 


398 


HOME     BUILDING 


! 


as; 


JOHN  H.  POLLION, 

Importer  and  Dealer  in  all  kinds  of 


GLASS. 


ALSO, 

OrrLCumeThtoZ   G-lcuss  of  all  'h.trLcLs  cl  Spectalty,  for" 

CJxzurcTbeSy  StecumbocLts ,  Frtvate  I^^weLitngs, 

Offloes,  ^c,  ^c. 

Circulars  and  Estimates  f  urnislied  on  application  bj'  mail  or  otherwise. 

Glazier's  Diamonds,  Points,  Putty,  &c. 
68  MURRAY   STREET,  one  Poor  Below  College  Place,  Wm^W    ypgfes 

GRANITE,  MONUMENTS,  8fC. 

EVENING  POST  BuiLDixG.  206  Broadwav 

FIBST  FLOOR.  *-'^^      j— .j.  v^i_a.x-4.  w  tA.  j 

Monuments,  Vaults,  Headstones, 

Enclosures  for  Cemetery  Lots,  &c.,  erected  in  all  parts  of  the  Country  at 

Lowest  Quarry  Prices. 

Materials  and  Workmanship  first  class  only. 

Granite  Statues  and  Polished  Granite  Columns,  etc. 

PELLUCIDITE  No.  1. 

For  Finishing  Interior  or  Exterior  Hard  Wood  Work,  where  dead  fiflish  is 

desired. 

PELLUCIDITE  No.  2. 

For  Finishing  Hard  Wood   or  Grained  Work,  Front  Doors,  etc.,  when  a 

Brilliant  Finish  is  Wanted, 


1st.  It  will  not  crack  or  blister. 
3d.    It  produces  a  rich  luster. 


2d.  It  is  more  durable  than  the  best  English  Varnish. 

4th.  It  is  chuapLT  than  the  best  varnisii. 


SEELE"^   &;    STEVEISTS,  Sole  l^frs^ 
3rS   BizrZing  Slip,  JVersAr  York. 


H  0  :\r  E      B  TT  I  L  D  N  Q 


399 


If  SPECIIiTIES. 

Designed  for  the  Shutting  Off  of  Sewer  Gas. 

JENNINGS  PAT.  w.  CLOSETS,  TliesG  Closets  are  completB  in  themselves, 

and  can  be  fitted  by  any  plumber  in  half  an 
hour. 

Automatic   water   supply.      Basin   never 
empty. 
%^  Fifty  thousand  in  use.     The  most  perfect 

IRON   TRAP.  ALL   E.    WARE.  ClOSCt. 


The  only  effective  way  of  emptying  a  basin. 
No  chain. 
No  stopper. 

No  waiting  for  the  contents  to  gradually  drain  out, 
the  tipping  is  done  in  an  instant,  and  thoroughly  rinses 
the  Basin  and  Receiver  carrying  all  suds,  &c.,  be- 
fore it. 


JENNINGS , PATENT 
TIP-UP  AVASH  BASWf . 


Are  adapted  for  any  Institution  where  a  series 
of  closets  is  required,  this  system  has  obtained  the 
greatest  favor  in  Europe  and  the  States  ;  admirable 


'^^,  for  Railroad  Stations,  Schools,  Barracks,  &c. 


JENNINGS'  PAT.  LATRINES. 


The  shape  of  these  Urinals  immediately  recommends 
them;  they  set  well  back  in  the  wall  and  occupy  no  more 
room  than  the  ordinary  Bedfordshire. 


JKNNINGS' PAT.  CRADLE 
LIPPED  URINAL. 


This  admirable  arrangement  supplies  a 
want  universally  acknowledged,  it  is  one  of 
the  best  ever  designed,  there  is  so  little  room 
required  in  this  system,  and  no  crowding  in 
the  use  of  them.  They  have  been  generally 
adopted  at  Fairmount  Park  and  other  places, 
and  wherever  erected  have  given  universal 
satisfaction. 


JENNINfJS'PAT.  SIX- 
PERSON  URINAL. 


The  only  plan  by  which  closets,  drains,  &c., 
especially  those  connected  with  Hospitals,  can 
be  effectually  disinfected.     The  action  is  auto 
matic,  requiring  no  supervision. 

JElS^NIlSraS'  S^NIT^RY  DEPOT, 

G.  MYERS,  Manager.  94  Beekman  St„  N.  Y 


JENNINGS' PAT. 
DISINFECTOB. 


400 


HOME      BUILDIKG. 


"WM.  CHAPMAN,  President  and  Treas. 
Bethlehem,  Pa. 


CHAS.  H.  DICKERMAN,  Secretary. 
Bethlehem,  Pa. 


The   Chapman   Slate  Company, 


BETHLEHEM, 


NORTHAMPTON  T^VVtVf 
COUNTY,  TLiN  IN . 


MINERS  AND  MANUFACTURERS  OF 


BILLIARD  TOPS,  BAGATELLE  TOPS,  TABLE  TOPS,  COUNTER  TOPS, 


Cisterns,  Lintels,  Black-Boards,  Window  Sills,  Cop- 
ings, Stair- Ways,  Bridge  Poles  and  Building 
Stones  for  all  purposes. 

The  Slate  is  dark  blue,  bard,  close-grained  and  tough.     Absorbs  no  moisture.     Will  not  fade, 
discolor,  or  decompose.     No  loss  by  breakage. 

QUALITY  SUPERIOR  TO  ANY  SLATE  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 

The  Chapman  Slate  makes  the  best  Roof  of  any  known  material. 

LARGEST  PRODUCERS  OF  ROOFING  SLATE  AND  FLAGGING  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 

Present  capacity  six  thousand  squares  per  month. 

THE   CHAPMAN   SLATE   FLAGGING  IS   SUPERIOR   TO  ALL  OTHERS  FOR  APPEAR- 
ANCE, DURABILITY  AND  USE. 

The  following  parties  have  used  the  Flagging  to  whom  reference  is  invited: 


J.  E.  Wootten,  Supt.  Phila.  and  Reading  Rail- 
road Co.,  Reading,  Pa. 

B.  C.  Webster,  Pres.  Lehigh  Zinc  Co.,  Bethle- 
hem, Pa. 

Hon.  Chas.  Brodhead,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

Hon.  Henry  Green,  Easton,  Pa. 

G.  H.  Meyers,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 


J.  B.  Zimele,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
Lerch,  Rice  &  Co.,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
Reigel,  Cortright  &  Solt,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
Jacob  Fraley,  Easton,  Pa. 
John  Kelly,  No.  2,125  Market  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 
Jacob    Hensel,    No.   1,218   North   Eighth    St., 
Phila.,  Pa. 


PRINCIPAL   OFFICE,  BETHLEHEM,  PA. 

Kew  York  Office  and  Yard,  503,  505  and  507  West  Street, 

"WILLIAM   STON£BACK.   Agent. 


Refer  to  the  following  parties  who  use  our  Slate : 


Wm.  Sellers  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Wm.  C.  Allison  &  Sons,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Coleraine  Iron  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
C.  M.  Taylor  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Bethlehem  Iron  Co.,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
Cambria  Iron  Co.,  Johnstown,  Pa. 
Allentown  Rolling  Mill  Co.,  Allentown,  Pa. 


N.  Y.  Mutual  Gas  Light  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Union  Gas  Light  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Brooklyn  Gas  Light  Co.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Nassau  Gas  Light  Co.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Citizens  Gas  Light  Co.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Williamsburgh  Gas  Light  Co.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y, 

Del.,  Lack.  &  Western  Railroad  Co.,  N.  Y. 


The  following  Buildings  are  roofed  with  Chapman  Slate: 

Masonic  Temple,  Philadelphia;  Yale  College,  New-Haven,  Conn.;  Princeton  College,  Princeton, 

N.  J. ;  Inebriate  Asylum,  Blind  Asylum,  Orphans'  Asylum,  Gilscy  House,  Staats-Zeituug 

Building,  St.  Georges  and  Holy  Trinity  Churches  (Drs.  Tyng,  sr.  and  jr.),  and 

many  other  Churches,  Public  Buildings,  Gas  Houses,  Founderies,  &c., 

and  nearly  all  the  Buildings  in  the  Central  Park,  New  York. 

The  attention  of  Proprietors  of  Rolling  Mills,  Blast  Furnaces,  Colliers,  and  other  large  Manu- 
factures and  Public  Buildings,  is  specially  requested  to  the  superiority  of  the 

CHAPMAN  ROOFING  SLATE. 


HOME      B  UILD ING 


401 


Plumbing    Work 

PUT  IN  ON 

SANITARY    PRINCIPLES. 

Have  had 

Twenty-Two  Years   Experjence 

In  some  of  the  best  work  in  Town  and  Country. 


Country  Work  a  Specialty. 
Estimates  given  when  required. 


WM.    H. 

39 


RICHARDS, 

University  Place, 

NEW  YORK. 


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402 


HOME     BUILDING 


CTxecLper^  tKajx  Coal  Gtcls.        Setter  tKcux  ^erosen-e. 

ScbfeT  tThCLTh  Ettlxer*. 
Costing  only  $1  for  1,000  Cubic  Feet. 

Made  under 

SIILIl'S   PITIIT, 

are  destined  to  work  a  revolution  in  the  matter  of  Illuminating  Houses  and  Stores.  They  practi- 
cally solve  the  question  How  to  Produce  a  Light  that  shall  be  as  Convenient  in  its  use  as  Gas, 
as  Cheap  as  Kerosene,  and  at  the  same  time 

ABSOLUTELY  SAFE. 

Send  for  descriptive  Circular,  or  call  and  see  the  Machine  in  operation. 

The  Shaler  Manufacturing  Co., 

NO.  4  MURRAY  ST.,  New  York. 

See  notice  under  "  Lighting  and  Fixtures." 

COPPER  AND  GALVANIZED  IRON 

LiaHTisri:Nra   hods, 

of  superior  construction  and  capacity,  erected  on  Churches,  Public  and  Private  Boildingrs,  Ships, 
&c.,  also  a  complete  assortment  of 

made  of  Copper  and  Gilded  with  Pure  Gold,  comprised  in  part  of  Horses,  Eagles,  Roosters, 
Arrows,  ScroUs,  &c.    Depot  and  Salesroom, 

213  PEARL  STREET,  near  Maiden  Lane.  NEW  YORK. 

Address  all  orders  and  communications  to  A.  SIMON,  Jersey  City,  N.  J, 

N.  B.     We  furnish  and  erect  Flag  Poles  of  any  size  at  short  notice.     We  also  make  any  de 
sign  of  Weather  Vane  or  Ornaments,  and  set  them  in  position  in  any  part  of  the  country. 
We  are  permanently  established,  and  have  been  in  the  business  for  20  years. 


^"^ 


HOME      BUILDING 


403 


(Late  Hyslop  &  Wliittingham), 

206  and  208  East  29th  Street, 


• 


No.  1,  Capable  of  warming  a  house  30x80  feet,  4  stories,  $265. 
No.  14  Capable  of  warming  a  house  25x65  feet,  4  stories,  $200. 
No.  2,  Capable  of  warming  a  house  20x65  feet,  4  stories,  $175. 
No.  3,  Capable  of  warming  a  house  20x60  feet,  4  stories,  $150. 
No.  4,  Capable  of  warming  a  house  20x50  feet,  4  stories,  $125. 
No.  1,  Portable,  "  20x50  feet,  4  stories,  $135. 


No.  2, 


18x40  feet,  4  stories,  $110. 


THESE     FUPtlSr^OES 

Have  a  radiating  surface  more  than  double  the  ordinary  amount. 

The  heating  surfaces  are  of  strong  wrought  iron,  and  having  been  made 
by  rolling,  are  of  regular  thickness  throughout.  Wrought  iron  retains  its 
power  to  conduct  heat  much  better  than  cast  iron  and  cannot  fracture. 

Experience  has  proved  that  wrought  iron  surfaces  afford  a  more  pleasant 
and  wholsesome  heat,  resembling  in  its  mild  character  that  given  off  by  the 
well-known  porcelain  stoves  used  in  the  northern  part  of  Europe.  The 
evaporator  is  placed  at  the  hottest  part  of  the  Furnace  to  insure  a  free 
evaporation,  and  is  inside  the  circle  of  pipes  where  the  heated  air  may  pass 
by  it,  and  the  vapor  be  communicated  equally  to  all  the  air  passing  through 
the  Furnace. 

Being  made  of  wrought  iron,  all  the  joints  are  rendered  perfectly  tight 
without  the  use  of  packing  or  cement,  and  remain  so  after  years  of  use. 

The  Furnaces  are  furnished  with  every  convenience  for  easy  manage- 
ment. 


404 


HOME     BUILDIISTG. 


Harrison  Bros.  &  Co., 

OFFICES  : 

105  SOUTH  FRONT  STREET,  Philadelpliia, 

115  FULTON  STREET,  New  York  (FORMERLY  179  WATER  ST.) 

Corroders  and  Oxidizers  of  Lead 


AND  MANUFACTURERS   OF 


t9 


T©W1  III  COIITIY 

3)  -m  w,. 


1(0  THINNING  FO 


Sold  by  the  Gallon, 

And  packed  for  shipment,  in  1-8,  1-4,  1-2,  1,  2,  3,  6,  10,  20  and  40  gallon 

packages. 


These  paints  are  designed  only  to  save  painters  the  trouble  of  mixing 
their  White  Lead  with  color.  The  manufacturers  using  Steam  against 
Hand  power,  and  having  the  choice  of  better  and  purer  pigments  for  tint- 
ing the  white  paint  used  as  a  basis,  are  enabled  to  supply  these  goods  at 
much  less  cost  to  the  consumer,  than  if  he  bought  each  material  separately 
and  made  his  own  tints. 

Another  advantage  is  gained  in  the  preparation.  It  is  well  known  that 
Linseed  Oil  may  be  so  treated  that  it  will  unite  readily  with  White  Lead, 
or  Oxide  of  Zinc,  and  form  a  union  which  will  prevent  the  wood  drawing 
the  oil  away  from  the  base  of  the  paint,  and  thus  leaving  it  to  be  soon 
eroded  by  the  action  of  the  elements.  By  making  this  combination  in  our 
"Town  and  Country"  paints,  they  have  been  found  to  cover  much  more 
surface  than  Pure  Lead,  tinted  to  the  same  depth  of  color.  The  painter 
has  the  advantage  in  buying  these  goods  of  being  saved  the  trouble  of  mix- 
ing, and  having  always  a  uniform  article  on  which  to  depend. 

The  "Town  and  Country"  Paints  are  ground  into  a  stiff  paste,  the 
same  as  White  Lead,  or  are  thinned,  ready  for  immediate  application. 

When  sold  in  Paste  they  will  be  packed  in  25,  50,  and  100  lb.  kegs  and 
barrels ;  and  when  in  liguid,  by  the  GALLON  only.  (See  Page  322.) 


HOME      BUILDING 


405 


WARM  AIR  REGISTERS, 

VENTILATORS,  &c., 

Manufactured  in  the  greatest  variety  of  Sizes,  Styles'  and 
Kinds  of  Finisli  by 

Tie  Till!  k  Bailof  Maiifiictiiri  Co., 


'©Kiai 


mn 


'©li|) 


NEW  YORK. 


Square,  Round,  Circular  Tojd,  for  Hoor,  wall, 
or  fireplace. 

Finished  in  Bronze,  Porcelain  Enamel,  Japan, 
&c. 

Ventilators  suitable  for  smallest  room  to  the 
largest  church  or  public  hall. 

Price  List  on  application. 

Established  1865. 


LJ^     Fj^ITETTHS      ^W.      SE^VEIT'S 


ittmt  mwmt^f 

NO.    8   LAFAYETTE   PLACE, 

NEW  YORK. 


Scenery  for 

THE/TRES,  PUBLIC  HJILLS  AND  AMjlTEURS, 

PIIOIIMIS, 


Of  every  Description. 

Scenery  for  Private  Theatricals, 

HALLS  AND  THEATRES  FRESCOED. 

Flctgs  and  DecoTCLttorhs  foT   Bctlls  curia  ^olttical 
jLssociations  to  Let. 


406 


HOME      BUILDIXG. 


JOHN  W.  BOUGHTON, 

1118  Market    Street,    Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Manufacturer  and  Proprietor  of 

M  Umi  Parpet  Fliirs, 

AND   WAINSCOTING. 


These  goods  have  been  introduced  and  used  about  eight  years,  and  have  become  very  popular, 
meeting  a  growing  demand  from  wealthy  people  and  those  whose  tastes  are  cultivated  by  extensive 
travel  in  foreign  lands,  where  ornamental  hard  wood  floors  (Parquetry),  are,  and  ever  have  beeni 
universally  and  extensively  used. 

WOOD  CARPET  is  made  of  strips  of  wood  i  inch  thick,  thoroughly  kiln-dried,  and  cemented 
to  heavy  muslin.  It  rolls  up  like  an  oil  cloth,  and  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  Cakpets,  J^Iattinqs, 
and  Oil  Cloths,  in  rooms  of  every  description. 

Ornamental  Hard  "Wood  Floors. 

The  finest  Parquet  Floors  in  Europe  are  successfully  imitated,  and  at  a  much  less  expense. 
Pakqtjet  Floors  are  laid  in  Parlors,  Libraries,  Halls,  Reception  Rooms,  «fec.,  Turkish  Carpets 
or  Persian  Rugs  being  used  with  them. 

Parquet  Borders 

Alone  are  often  laid  around  the  outside  of  a  room — filling  up  all  the  offsets — with  a  carpet  in  the 
center.     This  is  a  very  popular  style. 

As  a  "Wainscoting 

These  goods  are  used  with  great  success,  in  plain  stripes,  or  in  the  most  elaborate  designs. 

Prices  Of  Carpet. 

Offices,  Stores  and  Kitchens,  25  cents  per  square  foot,  laid  and  finished. 

Prices  of  parquet  floors  for  parlors,  libraries,  vestibules,  &c.,  from  35  cents  to  $1  per  sq.  foot. 

These  Goods  received  the  Centennial  Medal  and  Highest  Honor.  (See  also  Page  334.) 


HOME     BUILDING.  407 

No.  10>^.  NO.   ll>i 


Vestibule  Door.  Front  Door. 


Front  Door.  Vestibule  Door. 


C.  B.  KEOGH  &  COm 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in 

DOORS,  SASHES,   BLINDS, 

MOULDINGS,   BRACKETS, 

STJlI^  &A.1LS,  J^TEWELS, 
EiyCBOSSED   JLTSriD    OUT    OL^SS,    &;0., 

254  &  256  CANAL  STREET, 

S.  W.  cor.  Elm  St.,  NEW  YORK. 

Illustrated  Catalogues  and  Price  List  sent  on  application. 


408 


HOME      BUILDIJS^G. 


M.  HALLIDAY. 

SLATE  &  METAL  ROOFER. 


Manufacturer  of 


^  »^BOvr 


GALVANIZED  If  N  COI[NICES.  MOULDINGS,  GUTTEIjS,  ETC. 

AGENT  FOR  AUSTIN  OBDYKE  &  CO.'S 

'^^  PATENT 

GORI[UGATED  EXPAHDIf  LEjlDEH, 

An  article  wMcli  was  Awarded  a  Diploma  for  Continued  Ex- 
cellence at  tlie  American  Institute  Fair,  1875. 

TK/A-DH!    SXJFFXjIBID. 

lis  Hast  MImtfc  Ste®©if 

Between  Second  and  Third  Avenues,  I>Te'W     "yOrlS.. 

Tin  Roofs  and  Leaders  repaired  and  painted.      Chimney  Tops  and 

Ventilators  put  up.     Orders  by  mail  promptly  attended  to. 

Manufacturer  of 

THE  IMPROVED 

Speaking  Tute  Whistles, 

SPEAKING  TUBES, 

Mouth  Pieces  and  Flexible  Tubes. 

Private  Dwellings  Fitted  with  Speak- 
ing Tubes  and  Bells  in  all  parts 
the  country. 

19  ANN  ST.,    HEW  YOBK. 

J.  A.  WOOD, 

CARPENTER  AND  BUILDER, 

ROCK  AW  AY,  LONQ  ISLAND,  N.Y. 

MANUFACTTTIER  OF 

WOOD'S  PATENT  WOOO-WORKIIiG  MACHINE. 

This  Machine  is  of  the  greatest  value  to  the  carpenter 
and  joiner  who  wishes  to  compete  successfully  with  all 
opposition  in  his  line.  The  cost  is  small.  Address  for 
particulars  as  above. 


H  o  M  T-:     I?  n  I L  n  I  pf  o , 


400 


H.  W.  JOHNS'  PATENT 


ASBESTOS  ROOFING. 

The  only  reliable  substitute  for  tin,  at  about  one-half  its  cost,  finished 
with  white  Fire-Proof  Coating,  suitable  for  steep  or  flat  roofs.  In  rolls 
r.iady  for  use.     Easily  applied  by  any  one. 

ASBESTOS  STEAM-PIPE  AND  BOILER 

COVERINGS. 

The  cheapest,  most  durable  and  effective  non-conductors  in  use — 
prove  superior  to  all  others  in  U.  S.  Government  tests— a  perfect  insulator 
for  hair  felts,  rendering  them  indestructible. 

ASBESTOS  STEAM  PACKING. 

Indestructible,  self -lubricating,  flat  and  round,  all  sizes. 

JEH.re-F^oof    ^cuirvts   ctncL  CocLtirtgs,    CemeTxts  foT 

Steccnx  CTotixts,  A^cid,  ancL  G-cls  QUetor^ts,  Lecuhy 

Roofs,  ^c.      &oof  ¥*CLtrht,  SKeathijxg 

CLThd  Tjtntrtg  ^elts. 

Asbestos  Boards,  Paper,  Thread,  Cloth,  &c. 

These  articles  are  ready  for  use,  and  can  he  easily  applied  by  any  one. 
Send  for  Samples,  Pamphlets,  Price  Lists,  &c. 


H.  W.  JOHNS, 


87  Maiden  Lane,  Uew  York. 

Patentee  and  Manufacturer.      Established  1858. 
Please  send  for  Catalogue,  Prices,  &c. 

See  Editorial  in  specifications. 


410 


HOME      BUILDING. 


STE^lvd: 


Wyllys  H.  W^arner, 

LOW  PRESSURE 

m  LEONABD  STEEET,  New  7ork. 

42  COURT  STREET,  Brooklyn. 

33  WEST  RAILROAD  ST.,  Syracuse. 

No  danger  from  fire — Cannot  explode 
— Self-regulatiag — Easily  managed — Free 
from  dnst  and  noise — Economical  of  fuel 
— Durable  and  always  efiicient. 

This  apparatus  is  perfectly  safe  and 
easily  managed  the  draft  and  supply  of 
water  are  automatically  governed,  so  that 
it  uses  less  fuel  and  requires  less  care  than 
a  hot-air  furnace.  The  heat  is  mild  and 
healthful  and  it  is  the  only  method  by 
which  any  room,  however  remote  from  the 
furnace,  can  be  well  warmed. 

A  pamplet  with  references  to  a  thou- 
sand persons  who  are  using  the  apparatus 
will  be  mailed  on  application,  and  esti- 
mate s  furnished  when  desired. 


OPEN  BOrLER. 


JAMES  MARSHALL, 

BRONZE   HINGES,    KNOBS,   ESCUTCHEONS, 

ETC.,  ETC.,  ETC 

Builders'  Hardware, 

LoakLsmtths'  ctncL    Sell- Hanger's^ 
M^ateT'tcLis , 

Agency  of  tlie  Trenton  Lock  and  Hardware  Co. 

NO.  48  WAI|I|EN  STREET, 

NEW  YORK. 


We  would  especially  call  your  attention 
to  the  cuts  on  either  side,  representing  a 
square-groove  noiseless  pulley,  with  copper 
or  zinc  chains,  being  the  onl}^  article  in  use 
that  will  carry  a  heavy  plate  glass  sash 
without  breaking. 


HOME      BUILDING.  411 

House-Furiiisliing  Hardixrare. 

We  invite  special  attention  to  our  assortment,  assured  we  can  offer  the 

greatest  inducements  of  extended  variety  and  of  lowest  prices. 

TEA  TRAYS  of  all  approved  styles. 

TOILET  SETS  of  any  color  required. 

WATER  COOLERS, 

ICE  PICKS,  MALLETS,  ICE  TONGS, 

ICE  CRUSHERS,  ICE  TUBS, 

COCKTAIL  STRAINERS, 

JULEP  SUCKERS,  &c. 
WIRE  DISH  COVERS. 

RANGE  UTENSILS,  Tinned  and  Enameled,  all  approved  kinds. 

CONFECTIONERY  MOULDS,  for  Jelly,  Ice  Cream,  Cake,  &c.,  of  Tin, 

Copper  and  Lead. 

PLANISHED  TIN  GOODS. 

JAPANNED  GOODS. 

FIRE  IRONS,  Standards,  Blower  Stands,  &c. 

PATENT  ICE  CREAM  MACHINES. 

BRUSHES  of  every  description. 

REFRIGERATORS— the  most  approved  styles. 

TIBLI  HITS,  B001 MITS. 

WOODEN  WARE  OF  EVERY  KIND 

Camp  Chairs  and  Stools, 

BATHIf  APPARATUS  AI(D  APPLIANCES  FOR  INVALIDS, 

Brittania  Metal,  Silver  Plated  Ware,  Bronze  Ware,  &c. 

ALSO, 

Wooden  and  Tin  Wedding  Presents. 

Goods  carefully  selected,  packed,  and  forwarded  with  dispatch. 
Catalogues  furnished  on  application. 

J.  M.  FALCONER  &  CO. 

Successors  to  Windle  Sc  Co. 

42  Barclay  Street, 

See  Editorial  under  House  Furnishing.  NEW  YORK. 


412 


HOME      BUILDING. 

U,.M,,       JAMES  L.  JACKSON, 


Office,  315  East  28tli  St. 

NEW  YORK  CITY. 
The    Manufacture    of 

Stables  and  Stable  Fittings 

A  SPECIALTY. 

In  my  assortment  of  Fixtures  and 
Fittings  for  Stables,  will  be  found 
many  articles  of  utility,  of  which 
the  following  form  but  a  part.  For 
full  description  see  Illustrated  Cata- 
logues, for  which  please  send. 


Hay  Racks  of  Wrought  Iron,  Tio- 
ing  Posts,  Cess  Pools  and  Traps, 
Gutter  Leaders,  Clay  Box  for  Stalls, 
Watering  Troughs,  Wall  Ventila- 
tors, Sponge  Boxes,  Revolving  four 
arm  Blanket  Holder  (patented), 
Swinging  and  Stationary  Blanket 
Rollers,  Overhead  Railway  and 
Lanterns,  Side-Wall  Lanterns  for 
gas  or  oil.  Tie  Rings  in  Brass  or 
Iron,  Anti-Friction  Nibbling  Pipe 
and  Socket  for  Wood  Mangers, 
Hinges  in  Brass  or  Iron,  Locks  with 
flush  Handles  for  Box-Stall  Doors 
in  Brass  and  Iron,  Feed  Bins  and 
Spouts  with  Stoppers,  Wall  and  Sill 
Plates;  Weather  Vanes — a  great 
variety,  Adjustible  Halter  Case  wiih 
Strap  and  Chain,  Whip  Holders, 
]\Iatch  Box,  Lifting  Jack,  Strips  of 
Galvanized  Iron  to  prevent  injury 
by  Rats  and  Mice. 

Also,  Iron  Roof  Lights,  Side-Wall 
Ventilating  Lights,  Ventilating  W^all 
Blocks,  Iron  Leg  Settees,  Roof 
Crestings  and  Fiuials  (variet}'  of 
designs),  Bird  Houses,  Tree  Boxes, 
Gates  and  Railings,  &c. 


The  accompanying  illustration  is 
of  the  Stables  which  were  exhibited 
in  Agricultural  Hall,  Centennial 
Exhibition,  and  which  received  the 
high  award  of  a  medal  and  diploma. 


HOME      BUILDING.  41:) 


1  MMB 


See  editorial  under  Furniture  and  Decorations. 


Sam  L.  Harris, 

Bahkei^  &  Dealei[  in  GovERpEf(T  Securities, 

Gold,  Silver,  Foreign  Exchange,  Bonds,  &c. 
66 S  BROJlD  WA.  JT, 

Corner  Bond  Street, 

Collections  and  Settlements    -^-^      y\  Commercial    Paper 

effected  in  all  parts  of  i\f"'  Ijork.  negotiated  promptly 

the  United  States.  "^        ^  and  favorably. 

See  editorial  under  New  York. 


414  HOME     BUILDING. 

THE  FIRE  ON  THE  HEARTH, 


Ojfficial  Report  of  Centennial  Commission,  accompanying  Medal  and 
announcing  Basis  of  Award  to  OPEN  STOVE  VENTILATING  CO., 
107  Fulton  Street,  N.  T.,  for  ''FIRE  ON  THE  HEARTH,  PARLOR 

stove:' 

First  The  combination  is  one  apparatus  loith  three  distinct  modes  of 
operation — i.  e.,  the  air -warming  capacitg  of  a  Furnace;  the  re- 
serve force  of  a  Close  Stove,  and  the  mntilation  of  a  Fire-Place. 

Second.  The  faculty  of  transmitting  two  currents,  mz.:for  the  products  of 
combustion  to  chimney  flue,  and  for  the  supply  of  fresh  air  mode- 
rately warmed  to  the  room  for  bodily  comfort  and  respiration. 

[Signed,] 
A.  F.  GOSHORN,  Birec/or  General.  J,  R.  hAWLEY, 

J.  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary.  President. 

For  prices,  &c.,  send  for  Catalogue. 

See  under  Heating,  &c.,  under  specification. 

CANE  FIBRE  FELT, 

For 

Sheathing  Frame  Houses,  Underlining  Roofs,  Deafening  Floors. 

TEPt]Vw^S: 

The  above  articles  will  be  sold  by  weight,  delivered  in  Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  New  York  or 
Boston.  Orders  must  be  accompanied  by  full  directions  how  to  send  the  material,  and  enclosing 
Post  Office  Order  or  Draft,  adding  75  cents  for  cartage  of  small  parcel  or  $1  25  per  ton. 

Special  Rates  to  Dealers. — To  buyers  with  whom  we  open  accounts,  upon  satisfactory  ref- 
erence, 30  days'  credit  is  allowed. 

Orders  will  receive  prompt  attention.     Samples  sent  on  application. 

General  Agent  for  the  Virginia  Cane  Fibre  Co,, 

CHAS.  W.  WEST,  48  Broad  St.,  N.  Y. 

Special  Agencies  in  Boston,  Providence,  Springfield,  Albany,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Wash- 
ington, Richmond,  Indianapolis,  Buffalo,  Cincinnati,  Chicago,  &c. 


HOME     BUILDING.  416 


THE 

AMERICAN  HOME  COMISSION  CO., 

191   B[|OADWAY, 

POOMS     9    AND    lO,  J^EW   yORK, 

The  object  of  the  above  organization  is  to  furnish  all  man- 
ner of  articles  required  by  housebuilders  or  housekeepers^ 
which  it  supplies  to  its  customers  a^  Manufacturers'  Prices, 
thus  absolutely  saving  to  them  the  ordinary  dealers'  profits. 
It  buys  no  goods  for  which  it  has  no  orders,  and  sells  none 
except  on  commission.  It  is  prepared  to  furnish,  promptly, 
from  any  one  of  a  thousand  factories,  any  class  or  kind  of 
goods  wanted  to  build  or  furnish  a  home,  from  a  carpet-tack 
to  a  grand  piano,  at  manufacturers'  prices. 

Special  attention  is  given  to  furnishing  new  articles  of 
comfort  and  utility  which  are  not  generally  known. 

Reliable  information,  advice,  or  goods  promptly  furnished 
on  application. 

Among  the  specialties  it  is  now  prepared  to  furnish,  are 

the 

and  the 

both  of  which  articles  are  new,  and  deserve  universal  patron- 
age. 

Please  address  all  communications  as  above. 

Also  Bee  editorial. 


416 


HOME      BUILD  ITST  G  , 


Health  and  Economy. 


C 


having  had  seven  years'  experience  in  the  manufacture  of  Tin-Lined  Lead  Pipe, 

have  reached  that  perfection  in  its  construction  which  leaves  nothing  to  desire.  Our 

Patent  Tin-Lined  Lead  Pipe  is  as  flexible  and  easily  soldered  as  ordinary  lead  pipe, 

'and  is  cheaper  when  strength  and  durability  are  considered.     Water  flows  through 

it  as  clear  as  at  the  fountain  head,  and  free  from  the  slightest  taint  of  lead  and  zinc 

poison  or  iron  rust.     In  addtion  to  the  plumbing  of  houses  it  is  largely  used  for 

conveying  water  from  wells  and  springs;  also  beer  pumps;  mineral  waters  and  water  coolers;  in 

fact  wherever  purity  and  safety  to  health  are  desirable.     Descriptive  pamphlets  sent  by  m;iil  free. 

Price,  1Q)4  cents  a  pound,  for  all  sizes.     Be  not  deceived  by  tin-washed  or  tin-coated  imitations. 

Address, 

The    Colwell  head  Company, 

63  CENTRE  and  554  PEARL  STREETS. 

NEW  YORK. 
Also,  Manufacturers  of  LEAD  PIPE,  SHEET  LEAD,  BUCK  SHOT,  BAR  LEAD. 
BLOCK  TIN  PIPE,  BAR  TIN,  PIG  TIN,  PIG  LEAD,  SOLDER,  &c. 
Orders  filled  at  sight. 

Fellows,    Hoffman   &   Co. 

631  and  633  BROADWAY,  N.  Y. 

MANUFACTURERS   OF 

GAS    FIXTURES, 

AND   IMPORTERS   OF 

Frencli  Bronzes,  Crystal  Gas  Fixttires,  French  Clocks, 

Statuettes,  &;o. 

We  are  constantly  adding  NEW  DESIGNS  to  our  stock,  and  feel  confident  that  the  goods 
which  we  manufacture  are  unsurpassed  for  Style,  Workmanship,  and  Finish. 

Special  Attention  paid  to  the  Furnishing  of  PEIVATE  RESIDENCES, 

as  well  as  Public  Offices,  Stores  and  Churches;  and  we  are  prepared  to  execute  all  orders  entrusted 
to  us  at  the  shortest  possible  notice. 

Designs  submitted,  and  goods  made  to  special  order  and  estimates  given  if  required. 

We  respectfully  solicit  orders  from  our  numerous  patrons,  friends  and  the  public,  which  shall 
receive  our  best  attention.  .       ,         ,  „ 

NOTICE.  All  Goods  marked  in  plain  figures.  All  Goods  for  the  country  boxed  and  carefully 
packed.     Gas  Fixtures  put  up  in  New  York,  Brooklyn  and  vicinity  without  extra  charge. 

FELLOWS,  HOFFMAN  &  CO., 

631  and  633  Broadway,  N.Y. 


I 


